Download or read book Development of a Novel Methodology for Improving CTL Recognition of Prostate Specific Antigen PSA for the Immunotherapy of Prostate Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major goal of the proposed research is to develop a novel methodology for improving T cell epitopes. The underlying hypothesis is that T cells capable of recognizing tumor- associated antigens (TAA) are present but often difficult to activate. However, once activated such T cells might be effective against tumors due to the less stringent triggering requirements of mature effectors. We proposed to develop a novel bacterial expression system for modifying and screening the epitopes of PSA, a known TAA. In the current year, we have employed a saturation mutagenesis technique to a PSA peptide epitope we have identified. Expression libraries were constructed corresponding to each position in the peptide. These libraries were screened functionally, The clones showing enhanced activity were sequenced. From these screens, we were able to identify a number of enhanced peptide epitopes. Peptides were synthesized and tested in a functional assay. These peptides showed enhanced activity with the T cell hybridoma. The findings show that altered peptide ligands can be discovered using the novel methodology proposed. These approaches should be applicable to other tumor antigens.
Download or read book Development of Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major goal in cancer immunotherapy is to generate an effective anti-tumor immune response. Adoptive immunotherapy involves stimulation of tumor-specific T cells, ex vivo (outside the body), followed by transfer of expanded numbers of activated T cells back into patients. While adoptive immunotherapy holds promise as a treatment for cancer, development of adoptive immunotherapy has been impeded by the lack of a reproducible and economically viable method for generating therapeutic numbers of antigen-specific CTL. The work proposed in this application will enable advances in adoptive immunotherapy. Most prostate cancers express prostate specific molecules. These molecules, including PSA and PMSA, can serve as potential targets for immune-based treatments. Studies on immune recognition of these molecules have already identified potential target regions within these proteins and are the basis of a variety of different experimental immunotherapies for treatment of prostate cancer. In this study we propose to study the ability to use HLA-Ig based aAPC as a viable method for induction, expansion and activation of prostate specific T cells for immunotherapy for prostate cancer. These studies will serve as precursor ones for induction and expansion of prostate specific CTL from patients with disease for initiation of adoptive immunotherapy phase I clinical studies.
Download or read book Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy Development in Prostate Specific Antigen Transgenic Mice written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our research is focused towards the development of an immunotherapy for prostate cancer that specifically targets the expressed prostate specific antigen (PSA) of prostate tumor cells. With over forty thousand deaths a year and the near lack of curative treatments, an effective therapy would greatly benefit society. Our research to date has suggested that PSA can serve as a tumor rejection marker in our PSA transgenic mice whose prostates express human PSA. Vaccination with a tumor cell that expresses PSA elicited a specific anti-PSA response that prevented the outgrowth of a tumor challenge of PSA expressing cells. After indicating the pertinence of PSA as a target of an immunotherapy, we attempted to identify PSA derived peptides that are immunogenic in the HLA-A0̂20l haplotype. Of nine PSA peptides selected for our study based on binding studies, two have proven to be immunogenic in the HLA- A0̂2O1/Dd transgenic mouse model after vaccination of peptide pulsed dendritic cells. These results indicate that not only can we use PSA as a plausible rejection marker but we can also elicit a CTL response directed against the human PSA peptides in a HLA-A0̂20l/Dd transgenic mouse. These results allow us to experiment with our vaccination strategies for the development of an efficacious anti-prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Download or read book Prostate Tumor Antigen Discovery Development of a Novel Genetic Approach written by Dean L. Mann and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunotherapy may provide an effective adjunct to current treatment modalities for prostate cancer. To achieve this goal, several fundamental immunologic questions need to be addressed. These include optimization of cellular immune responses to candidate tumor antigen and exploration of the extent to which HLA Class I and Class II diversity will restrict application of a candidate prostatic cancer vaccine. PSA was chosen as a candidate antigen for study and dendritic cells (DC) the vehicle for antigen delivery. DC armed with PSA generated predominately HLA Class II mediated CD4+ (helper) responses. However when combined with an anti-PSA monoclonal antibody, CD4+ as well as CDB+ T cell responses were generated. CDB+ T cell responses were at least in part restricted by PSA peptides known to bind the HLA-A*0201 allele. T cell clones were generated from peripheral blood from two patients with disease of the prostate (cancer, prostatitis) and HLA restriction studied. We identified peptide sequences in PSA that were presented by HLA-B*0702 to CD8+ T cells (previously unreported), and an HLA Class II allele (HLA DR*1501) restricted CD4+ T cell response. The result of these studies contribute to a rational basis for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Download or read book Development and Pre Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Prostate Restricted Replication Competent Adenovirus AD IU 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently we generated a prostate specific chemic promoter, called PSES, by combining the active prostate specific enhancers from prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) genes which are prominently expressed in androgen independent (AI) prostate cancers. The goal of this research is to develop a novel therapeutic agent, Ad-IU-1, using PSES to control the replication of adenovirus and the expression of a therapeutic gene, herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK). AD-IU-1 replicates as efficient as a wild type adenovirus in PSA/PSMA positive cells, but not in PSA/PSMA negative cells. Prodrug GCV augmented Ad-IU-1's killing activity against PSA/PSMA positive cells, but not PSA/PSMA negative cells in vitro. Ad-IU-1 was more effective in inhibit the growth of androgen-independent CWR22rv tumors. Due to recent improvement in our adenoviral vector construction which allows us to insert a bigger transgene into the viral genome, we further investigated a fusing suicide gene, FCYttk, by combining two suicide genes, a yeast cytosine deaminase, FCY, and improved TK, ttk. FCYttk had a better killing activity than TK against prostate cancer cells. We have constructed and investigated a FCYttk-armed prostate restricted replicative adenovirus for future clinical investigation.
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 1997-05-14 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy written by Nima Rezaei and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a type of active cancer immunotherapy. Clinicians, scientists, and researchers working on cancer treatment require evidence-based and up-to-date resources relating to therapeutic cancer vaccines. Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy provides a reference for cancer treatment for clinicians and presents a well-organized resource for determining high-potential research areas. The book considers that this promising modality can be made more feasible as a treatment for cancer. Chapters cover cancer immunology, general approaches to cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, tumor antigens, the strategy of allogeneic and autologous cancer vaccines, personalized vaccines, whole-tumor antigen vaccines, protein and peptide vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, genetic vaccines, candidate cancers for vaccination, obstacles to developing therapeutic cancer vaccines, combination therapy, future perspectives and concluding remarks on therapeutic cancer vaccines. - Introduces the feasible immunotherapeutic vaccines for patients with different types of cancer - Presents the status of past and current vaccines for cancer treatment - Considers advantages and disadvantages of different therapeutic cancer vaccines - Looks at the combination of vaccines and other modalities, including immunotherapeutic and conventional methods - Analyzes obstacles to development of therapeutic cancer vaccines - Gives a view on future perspectives in the application of therapeutic cancer vaccines
Download or read book Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy written by Peter L. Stern and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid progress in the definition of tumor antigens, and improved immunization methods, bring effective cancer vaccines within reach. In this wide-ranging survey, leading clinicians and scientists review therapeutic cancer vaccine strategies against a variety of diseases and molecular targets. Intended for an interdisciplinary readership, their contributions cover the rationale, development, and implementation of vaccines in human cancer treatment, with specific reference to cancer of the cervix, breast, colon, bladder, and prostate, and to melanoma and lymphoma. They review target identification, delivery vectors and clinical trial design. The book begins and ends with lucid overviews from the editors, that discuss the most recent developments.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The FASEB Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy written by Robert C. Rees and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor immunology and immunotherapy provides a comprehensive account of cancer immunity and immunotherapy. Examining recent results, current areas of interest and the specific issues that are affecting the research and development of vaccines, this book provides insight into how these problems may be overcome as viewed by leaders in the field.
Download or read book Toll Like Receptors TLRs and Innate Immunity written by Stefan Bauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-11 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall recent research on TLRs has led to tremendous increase in our understanding of early steps in pathogen recognition and will presumably lead to potent TLR targeting therapeutics in the future. This book reviews and highlights our recent understanding on the function and ligands of TLRs as well as their role in autoimmunity, dendritic cell activation and target structures for therapeutic intervention.
Download or read book Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer written by Keiko Hiyama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telomerase, an enzyme that maintains telomeres and endows eukaryotic cells with immortality, was first discovered in tetrahymena in 1985. In 1990s, it was proven that this enzyme also plays a key role in the infinite proliferation of human cancer cells. Now telomere and telomerase are widely accepted as important factors involved in cancer biology, and as promising diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets. Recently, role of telomerase in “cancer stem cells” has become another attractive story. Until now, there are several good books on telomere and telomerase focusing on biology in ciliates, yeasts, and mouse or basic sciences in human, providing basic scientists or students with updated knowledge.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Novel Technologies for Vaccine Development written by Igor S Lukashevich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed overview of the development of new viral vector-based vaccines before discussing two major applications: preventive vaccines for infectious diseases and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Viral vector-based vaccines hold a great potential for development into successful pharmaceutical products and several examples at the advanced pre-clinical or clinical stage are presented. Nevertheless, the most efforts were focused on novel and very innovative technologies for new generation of vector-based vaccines. Furthermore, specific topics such as delivery and adjuvant and protection strategies for cell-mediated-based vaccines are presented. Given its scope, the book is a “must read” for all those involved in vaccine development, both in academia and industrial vaccine development.
Download or read book Gene Vaccines written by Josef Thalhamer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The induction of antigen-specific immune responses after in vivo transfection with expression plasmids has triggered a revolution of vaccine research. After a first hype, evoked by the fascinating options of this method, clinical studies did not reach the ambitious aims and a phase of disillusion ensued. It became obvious that Gene vaccines displayed a weaker immunogenicity in humans than had been observed in the mouse models. Meanwhile these hurdles have been overcome and gene vaccines undergo a renaissance. The present book gives an update of the “world of naked gene vaccines”, namely DNA and RNA vaccines. Its content ranges from general mechanisms, inherent immunostimulatory properties and the vast potential to modulate immune responses, to recent successful clinical studies and approved veterinary gene vaccines. Beyond the state-of-the-art of genetic immunization, the reader will be stimulated with a chapter addressing “burning questions”.
Download or read book Cancer and IgE written by Manuel L. Penichet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Erika Jensen-Jarolim and Manuel L. Penichet 1. 1 Background Infectious diseases, being the major burden in the history of mankind worldwide th until the beginning of the 20 century, were important triggers in the understanding of immunological mechanisms. In contrast to infectious diseases, reports of all- gies and cancers were less common, but increased tremendously within the last century. Based on the US mortality data of the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009, a recent report from the American Cancer Society indicated that the number of cancer deaths increased approximately from 100,000 to 550,000 per year between 1930 and 2006, paralleling the increase of the total population during this period. Leading causes of death from cancer are lung and bronchus cancer, in men prostate cancer, and in women breast c- cer [1, 2]. Normalization to population size shows that the cancer death rate for most malignancies has been generally stable, although the mortality rate of certain malignancies, such as lung and bronchus cancer, has increased over the last 50 years [1-3]. In allergy, the situation is less clear, because for the time period around the turn of th the 19 century, only imprecise information is available. However, within the last 30 years the incidences of allergies has doubled not only in industrial countries, but in developing countries as well [4].
