Download or read book Development and Application of a Fully Implicit One dimensional In situ Combustion Simulator and a Kinetic Model Based on TGA DTG Experimental Results written by Said Saim and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and disseminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) * at Purdue University in 1 957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the activity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all con cerned if the printing and distribution of the volumes were handled by an interna tional publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Cor poration of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 32 (thesis year 1987) a total of 12,483 theses titles from 22 Canadian and 176 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for these titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 32 reports theses submitted in 1987, on occasion, certain univer sities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time.
Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND HIGH RESOLUTION SIMULATOR OF IN SITU COMBUSTION PROCESSES written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate simulation of in-situ combustion processes is computationally very challenging because the spatial and temporal scales over which the combustion process takes place are very small. In this third quarterly report of our DoE funded research, we continue the discussion of the design of a new simulation tool based on an efficient Cartesian Adaptive Mesh Refinement technique that allows much higher grid densities to be used near typical fronts than current simulators. Also, we show preliminary results for the one-dimensional in-situ combustion simulator, which will serve as the foundation for the development of a three-dimensional simulator that can handle realistic permeability heterogeneity. On the experimental side, the combustion kinetic apparatus and the combustion tube are now fully operational, and a series of successful combustion tube runs were performed that clearly showed additives allow combustion of poorly reactive oils. We have also started scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis to investigate the sand-clay-salt mixtures that are used for combustion in which we focus on grain sizes, shapes, orientations, characteristic inter-structures, and element analysis.
Download or read book Experimental Investigation and High Resolution Simulation of In Situ Combustion Processes written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final technical report describes work performed for the project 'Experimental Investigation and High Resolution Numerical Simulator of In-Situ Combustion Processes', DE-FC26-03NT15405. In summary, this work improved our understanding of in-situ combustion (ISC) process physics and oil recovery. This understanding was translated into improved conceptual models and a suite of software algorithms that extended predictive capabilities. We pursued experimental, theoretical, and numerical tasks during the performance period. The specific project objectives were (i) identification, experimentally, of chemical additives/injectants that improve combustion performance and delineation of the physics of improved performance, (ii) establishment of a benchmark one-dimensional, experimental data set for verification of in-situ combustion dynamics computed by simulators, (iii) develop improved numerical methods that can be used to describe in-situ combustion more accurately, and (iv) to lay the underpinnings of a highly efficient, 3D, in-situ combustion simulator using adaptive mesh refinement techniques and parallelization. We believe that project goals were met and exceeded as discussed.
Download or read book Direct Incorporation of Laboratory Data for Simulation of In situ Combustion Dynamics written by Olufolake Ogunbanwo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-situ combustion, ISC, is a thermal enhanced oil recovery technique often numerically modeled using a set of non-linear transport equations, combined with Arrhenius rate laws to describe the reaction kinetics of crude oil oxidation. The Arrhenius rate reaction equations are laborious to construct, dependent on the researcher, and computationally expensive to integrate. The greater the number of reactions defined, the larger the number of parameters that need to be specified. As a result, the ISC numerical model for any given oil is a non-unique complex model that can be highly multivariate. This work presents a nonArrhenius technique for predicting the reaction dynamics during ISC independent of the heating rate. Vital laboratory data from ramped temperature oxidation kinetic cell experiments, depicting the combustion chemistry, are directly used to account for the appearance and disappearance of reacting species. The extent of the global reaction taking place is mapped uniquely to an overall reaction rate at any given temperature. This mapping is tabulated and graphed based on the isoconversional principle for each reacting species. The tables are then incorporated into the mass and energy conservation system of equations for predicting the underlying combustion kinetics. The robustness of this method is compared to lab scale results from a conventional thermal simulator using Arrhenius based reaction rate laws and laboratory experiments. This kinetics prediction method proposed for ISC processes is beneficial because it predicts the rate at which oil and oxygen are consumed and the production of the carbon oxides in a timely and expedient manner. The turnaround time from experimental data acquisition to predictive model development is reduced. The number of free parameters required to match experimental results is also minimal because the tabulated kinetics data are unique and directly enforced.
Download or read book Experimental Investigation and High Resolution Simulator of In Situ Combustion Processes written by Anthony R. Kovscek and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate simulation of in-situ combustion processes is computationally very challenging because the spatial and temporal scales over which the combustion process takes place are very small. In this current and thirteenth report, we report on our continuing development of a Virtual Kinetic Cell model and our continuing experimental program.
Download or read book Simulation of IN SITU Combustion Process Based on Parametric Study written by Mizbauddin Mohammed and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-03-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research work is to carry out the laboratory study on wet in situ combustion by using combustion tube to evaluate how the target X field core, oil will respond to combustion, generation of flue gases and to determine the engineering parameters of combustion etc. Objective of present work is to carry out simulation of one dimensional combustion tube using CMG STARS to validate simulator thermogram profile with experimental thermogram profile. The feasibility of in situ combustion technique primarily depends on the oxidation characteristics of candidate reservoir oil eg: the sustainability of the ignition front during the course of process. To understand and determine the feasibility of its application to a given reservoir it's necessary to understand the oxidation behavior of the crude oil, the effect of water on combustion parameters and the effect of combustion front on produced liquid.
Download or read book One dimensional Simulation of the in Situ Combustion Process written by Barry M. Rubin and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Sectored One Dimensional Model for Simulating Combustion Instabilities in Premix Combustors written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-09-26 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-dimensional, CFD based combustor simulation has been developed that exhibits self-excited, thermoacoustic oscillations in premixed combustor geometries that typically have large, abrupt changes in cross sectional area. The combustor geometry is approximated by dividing it into a finite number of one-dimensional sectors. Within each sector, the equations of motion are integrated numerically, along with a species transport and a reaction equation. Across the sectors, mass and energy are conserved, and momentum loss is prescribed using appropriately compatible boundary conditions that account for the area change. The resulting simulation and associated boundary conditions essentially represent a one-dimensional, multi-block technique. Details of the simulation code are presented herein. Results are then shown comparing experimentally observed and simulated operation of a particular combustor rig that exhibited different instabilities at different operating points. It will be shown that the simulation closely matched the rig data in oscillation amplitudes, frequencies, and operating points at which the instabilities occurred. Finally, advantages and limitations of the simulation technique are discussed. Paxson, Daniel E. Glenn Research Center NASA/TM-1999-209771, NAS 1.15:209771, AIAA Paper 2000-0313, E-12051
Download or read book Development and Applications of ReaxFF Reactive Force Field Simulations in Combustion written by Chowdhury Ashraf and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the last decades, the focus of the combustion research has shifted more and more from experiment to simulations. This is partly because of the difficulty to perform experiments under the conditions at which modern day jet and rocket engines operate and partly because of the advancement of computational technology required to perform theoretical calculations or simulations. Currently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based continuum simulations are considered to be an essential part of combustion research, as it can simulate turbulent reacting flows with significant accuracy. One integral part of CFD simulations is the chemical kinetic model and the fidelity of the simulation greatly depends on the chemical model it uses. These chemical models are normally developed and validated against experimental observations. The actual engine condition might vary significantly from the experimental conditions, which can severely restrict the accuracy of the chemical models under such condition. Thus, a computational method is required that can simulate the complex physics and chemistry of complex combustion process and capture the possible reaction pathways without any prior user input. The ReaxFF reactive force field method is one such method, as it can be used to simulate reactions in large (” 1000 atoms) dynamic systems and can provide atomistic-scale insights of the critical reaction steps. In this dissertation, ReaxFF reactive force field simulations have been developed and used in the following research areas ranging from kinetics to dynamics:a) In this dissertation, the first atomistic-scale based method for calculating ignition front propagation speed has been developed with a hypothesis that this quantity is related to laminar flame speed. This method is based on atomistic-level molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with the ReaxFF reactive force field. Results reported in this study are for supercritical (P=55MPa and Tu=1800K) combustion of hydrocarbons as elevated pressure and temperature are required to accelerate the dynamics for reactive MD simulations. These simulations are performed for different types of hydrocarbons, including alkyne, alkane, and aromatic, and are able to successfully reproduce the experimental trend of reactivity of these hydrocarbons. Moreover, our results indicate that the ignition front propagation speed under supercritical conditions has a strong dependence on equivalence ratio, similar to experimentally measured flame speeds at lower temperatures and pressures, which supports our hypothesis that ignition front speed is a related quantity to laminar flame speed. In addition, comparisons between results obtained from ReaxFF simulation and continuum simulations performed under similar conditions show good qualitative, and reasonable quantitative agreement. b) The ReaxFF method provides an attractive computational method to obtain reaction kinetics for complex fuel and fuel mixtures, providing an accuracy approaching ab-initio based methods, but with a significantly lower computational expense. The development of the first ReaxFF combustion force field by Chenoweth et al. (CHO-2008 parameter set) in 2008 has opened new avenues for researchers to investigate combustion chemistry from atomistic-level. In this dissertation, two issues with the CHO-2008 ReaxFF description has been addressed. While the CHO-2008 description has achieved significant popularity for studying large hydrocarbon combustion, it has some significant limitations for C1 chemistry and properties for graphitic materials. In this dissertation, a newer version of ReaxFF combustion force field has been developed by addressing the limitations of CHO-2008 version, while retaining the accuracy of the previous description for larger hydrocarbons. Thus, ReaxFF CHO-2008 DFT-based training set has been extended by including reactions and transition state structures relevant to the syngas and oxidation initiation pathways and re-trained the parameters. c) Combustion devices such as rocket engines, gas turbines and HCCI engines frequently operate at a pressure higher than the critical pressure of the fuel or the oxidizer. This significantly limits the transferability of existing chemical kinetics models as they are developed and validated at low pressure/temperature conditions, considering only temperature dependence on the reaction rates while neglecting pressure dependence on combustion pathways. Since the experiments are difficult to perform at the supercritical region, this study demonstrates the capability of ReaxFF reactive force field method simulations to study combustion kinetics of fuels and fuel mixtures at these conditions with an objective to investigate how the presence of a highly reactive fuel can alter the properties of a much less reactive fuel during pyrolysis. Two different fuel mixtures are considered, namely JP-10/toluene and n-dodecane/toluene and find that they behave differently at different mixing conditions and densities. This study also compares results with continuum simulation results using a detailed chemical kinetic model and elaborate why the continuum results fail to capture the phenomena predicted by the ReaxFF simulations.d) Syngas (Synthesis Gas), a mixture of CO and H2 gas, has a very high availability and great flexibility of usage. As such, syngas is expected to play a significant role in future energy generation. However, the varying amount of mixture components makes it difficult to develop a reliable reaction mechanism for syngas combustion. The main variable to consider for direct syngas combustion include the carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratio, fluctuating level of carbon dioxide and water and presence of other species that can significantly affect the combustion process. This study investigates the effect of the presence of water molecules in syngas combustion. In these reactive molecular dynamics simulations, two different carbon monoxide/hydrogen ratios are considered and the effect of presence of water molecules in CO2 production is examined at different temperatures. This study indicates that a low amount of water molecules significantly increases carbon dioxide production, which is also observed experimentally. However, beyond that level, water molecules have limited effect on CO oxidation.
Download or read book Modeling and Control of Pre chamber Initiated Turbulent Jet Ignition Combustion Systems written by Ruitao Song and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Composition Geochemistry and Conversion of Oil Shales written by C.E. Snape and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil shales are broadly dermed as petroleum source rocks containing sufficiently high contents of organic matter (above ca 10-15 wt. %) to make utilisation a possibility. Like coal, the world's reserves of oil shales are vast being many times larger than those proven for crude oil. Indeed, some of the largest deposits occur in the USA and Europe where Estonia and Turkey have large reserves. The first recorded interest in oil shale retorting was an English patent in 1694 (Eele, Hancock and Porter, No. 330) which refers to distilling noyle from some kind of stone". The oil shale retorting industry dates back to the middle of the last century, notably Scotland, Estonia, France and Sweden in Europe. Indeed, my own Department at the University of Strathclyde has a historical link with James "Paraffin" Young, the founder of the Scottish oil shale industry who endowed a chair in Applied Chemistry. The growth of the oil industry saw the demise of the oil shale industry in most countries with the notable exception of Estonia, where kukersite has continued to be used for power generation and retorting. However, oil shale utilisation has attracted renewed attention since the early 1970s as a source of transport fuels and chemical feedstocks due to the the long term uncertainties over crude oil supplies.
Download or read book Beyond Oil and Gas written by George A. Olah and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is currently consuming about 85 million barrels of oil a day, and about two-thirds as much natural gas equivalent, both derived from non-renewable natural sources. In the foreseeable future, our energy needs will come from any available alternate source. Methanol is one such viable alternative, and also offers a convenient solution for efficient energy storage on a large scale. In this updated and enlarged edition, renowned chemists discuss in a clear and readily accessible manner the pros and cons of humankind's current main energy sources, while providing new ways to overcome obstacles. Following an introduction, the authors look at the interrelationship of fuels and energy, and at the extent of our non-renewable fossil fuels. They also discuss the hydrogen economy and its significant shortcomings. The main focus is on the conversion of CO2 from industrial as well as natural sources into liquid methanol and related DME, a diesel fuel substitute that can replace LNG and LPG. The book is rounded off with an optimistic look at future possibilities. A forward-looking and inspiring work that vividly illustrates potential solutions to our energy and environmental problems.
Download or read book Eco efficient Pavement Construction Materials written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials acquaints engineers with research findings on new eco-efficient pavement materials and how they can be incorporated into future pavements. Divided into three distinctive parts, the book emphasizes current research topics such as pavements with recycled waste, pavements for climate change mitigation, self-healing pavements, and pavements with energy harvesting potential. Part One considers techniques for recycling, Part Two reviews the contribution of pavements for climate change mitigation, including cool pavements, the development of new coatings for high albedo targets, and the design of pervious pavements. Finally, Part Three focuses on self-healing pavements, addressing novel materials and design and performance. Finally, the book discusses the case of pavements with energy harvesting potential, addressing different technologies on this field. - Offers a clear and concise lifecycle assessment of asphalt pavement recycling for greenhouse gas emission with temporal aspects - Applies key research trends to green the pavement industry - Includes techniques for recycling waste materials, the design of cool pavements, self-healing mechanisms, and key steps in energy harvesting
Download or read book Ionic Liquids written by Suojiang Zhang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-13 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive database on physical properties of pure ionic liquids (ILs) contains data collected from 269 peer-reviewed papers in the period from 1982 to June 2008. There are more than 9,400 data points on the 29 kinds of physicochemical properties for 1886 available ionic liquids, from which 807 kinds of cations and 185 kinds of anions were extracted. This book includes nearly all known pure ILs and their known physicochemical properties through June 2008. In addition, the authors incorporate the main applications of individual ILs and a large number of references. - Nearly 50 tables include typical data, experimental and modelling or simulation comparison, and model parameters, enhancing the application of ILs - 100 figures--from QSPR, EOS and gE models to quantum and molecular simulations--help readers understand ILs at molecular level - Applications illustrate the role of IL properties in industry, in particular the development of novel clean processes and products
Download or read book Proceedings of International Conference on Thermofluids written by Shripad Revankar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-21 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected and peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Thermofluids (KIIT Thermo 2020). It focuses on the latest studies and findings in the areas of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, thermodynamics, and combustion. Some of the topics covered in the book include electronic cooling, HVAC system analysis, inverse heat transfer, combustion, nano-fluids, multiphase flow, high-speed flow, and shock waves. The book includes both experimental and numerical studies along with a few review chapters from experienced researchers, and is expected to lead to new research in this important area. This book is of interest to students, researchers as well as practitioners working in the areas of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and combustion.
Download or read book Composites and Their Properties written by Ning Hu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composites are a class of material, which receives much attention not only because it is on the cutting edge of active material research fields due to appearance of many new types of composites, e.g., nanocomposites and bio-medical composites, but also because there are a great deal of promises for their potential applications in various industries ranging from aerospace to construction due to their various outstanding properties. This book mainly deals with fabrication and property characterization of various composites by focusing on the following topics: functional and structural nanocomposites, numerical and theoretical modelling of various damages in long fiber reinforced composites and textile composites, design, processing and manufacturing technologies and their effects on mechanical properties of composites, characterization of mechanical and physical properties of various composites, and metal and ceramic matrix composites. This book has been divided into five sections to cover the above contents.
