Download or read book Determining the Effectiveness of Pavement Marking Materials written by Benjamin H. Cottrell and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to determine the safety, motorist opinion, and cost-effectiveness of pavement marking materials used by the Virginia Department of Transportation and to develop guidelines, where possible, as to when each type of material should be used. Interstate and primary road segments that had been remarked with a different type of pavement marking material were identified to perform a before-and-after accident analysis. When possible, segments that were remarked using the same pavement marking material were included to provide comparison sections. The number of sites and accident count data were insufficient to support a finding that the use of a particular pavement marking material reduces the number of target accidents. The results of a motorist survey indicated that the participating drivers were more satisfied with pavement markings with higher retroreflectivity values than those with lower values. Participating drivers over the age of 65 were generally less satisfied with the brightness of the pavement markings than were participating drivers under the age of 65. Using a large contract for paint was the most cost-effective for two-lane roads under most volume conditions and four- and six-lane low-volume roads. Using polyurea and a large contract for paint were the most cost-effective for high-volume two- and four-lane roads. Polyurea and waffle tape were the more cost-effective durable markings for high-volume six-lane roads. Changes in the use of pavement markings were recommended. Specifically, the Virginia Department of Transportation should (1) consider increasing the use of large paint contracts and minimizing its use of small paint contracts when possible; (2) consider a performance-based specification for durable markings; (3) continue consideration of a holistic approach for pavement management and markings, and (4) re-evaluate its pavement marking policy and include the recommendations of this study.
Download or read book Determining the effectiveness of pavement marking materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pavement Marking Materials written by Anthony L. Andrady and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Technology TPM Advanced written by Heng-Mo Chu and published by Heng-mo Chu. This book was released on 2020-12-31 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermoplastic Pavement Marking Materials include spray, screed, extrusion, profile, and preform, which are considered as superior performance and cost-effectiveness markings. This book provides excellent resource for unskilled or novice pavement markers as well as professionally trained line marking operators and explains all factors that affect the achievement of thermoplastic pavement marking materials. An additional information about AS4049.2 and AS2009:2006 Standards applicable to pavement markings are included in appendix for technicians and engineers to select and inspect materials for performance.
Download or read book Durability and Retro Reflectivity of Pavement Markings Synthesis Study written by Yi Jiang and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-01 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterborne paints are used to paint pavement markings (edgelines and centerlines) to provide guidance for motorists. The painted markings need to be repainted periodically as their retro-reflectivity deteriorates. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) repaints pavement markings at least annually. INDOT engineers would like to determine the feasibility of extending the time intervals of repainting pavement markings on at least some types of roadways. The purpose of this synthesis study is to accomplish the following: (1) to locate and assemble documented information on pavement marking durability; (2) to learn what criteria have been used in other states in measuring retro-reflectivity and scheduling pavement marking painting; (3) to determine the necessity of conducting full scale study on INDOT pavement markings; (4) to identify the type and cost of equipment required for retro-reflectivity measurements and conditions of operation of the equipment; (5) to organize, evaluate, and document the useful information that is acquired; and (6) to provide recommendations based on the evaluated information. This report presents the findings of the synthesis study on various pavement marking materials. It was found in this study that many state highway agencies have evaluated several types of pavement marking materials. The evaluation results include performance, cost, service life, and retro-reflectivity measuring equipment of marking materials. However, the results could vary from different sates. The information gathered through this study will provide INDOT engineers the state-of-practice of pavement marking materials in this country.
Download or read book Pavement Marking Materials and Markers written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This digest summarizes key findings from NCHRP Project 17-28, "Pavement marking materials and markers : safety impact and cost-effectiveness" conducted by iTRANS Consulting, Ltd. The digest is an abridgement of portions of the project final report authored by the principal investigator, Geni Bahar ... [et al.]."
Download or read book Durable Cost effective Pavement Markings written by Gary B. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Long term Pavement Marking Practices written by James Migletz and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2002 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 306: Long-Term Pavement Marking Practices documents the current and best practices for managing pavement marking systems, identifies future needs, and addresses driver needs and methods of communicating information to drivers, selection criteria (e.g., reflectivity, pavement service life, wet weather performance), materials (e.g., color, durability, cost), specifications, construction practices, inventory management systems, and more.
Download or read book Pavement Marking Performance Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research evaluated pavement marking performance and developed useful degradation models for thermoplastic and paint pavement markings which can help North Carolina meet the pending FHWA minimum retroreflectivity requirements. The impacts of several important factors (such as lateral location, directionality, region, and pavement roughness) on pavement marking retroreflectivity were evaluated. With two large datasets in hand, the authors determined whether these factors had significant impacts on marking retroreflectivity. Image processing techniques were used to analyze pavement marking surface glass bead density. The authors were able to explain why paint marking retroreflectivity values degraded over time by evaluating the impact of bead density on paint marking retroreflectivity. The research reviewed existing marking retroreflectivity degradation models and developed useful new models for both thermoplastic and paint pavement markings in North Carolina. The research presented a transportation asset management system framework for estimating the current and future condition of pavement markings. The research outcomes enable the North Carolina Department of Transportation to have a better understanding of thermoplastic and paint pavement marking performance, which can lead to cost saving by maximizing pavement marking service lifecycles.
Download or read book Effective Removal of Pavement Markings written by Adam Matthew Pike and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 759: Effective Removal of Pavement Markings aids in the selection of safe, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable practices for the removal of work zone and permanent pavement markings. The practices highlighted in this report emphasize minimal damage to the underlying pavement or visible character of the surface course." -- Publisher's description
Download or read book Development of a Pavement Marking Material Matrix for ODOT District 11 written by Ala R. Abbas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was initiated by ODOT to evaluate the performance of four pavement marking materials (fast dry traffic paint, polyester, extruded thermoplastic and epoxy) in order to determine which materials are most suitable for the environmental and traffic conditions in ODOT District 11, which contains mostly rural roads with relatively low traffic levels (ADT less than 5,000 vehicles per day) and some areas of mountainous terrain. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the performance of fast dry traffic paint and polyester as restriping materials; however, epoxy and thermoplastic were included in the evaluation for comparison purposes. The four materials were installed at 11 test sites distributed across the district on two-lane and four-lane highways having a variety of pavement types, pavement geometries, and traffic volumes. The performance of the pavement markings was evaluated in the field for a period of two years in terms of dry retroreflectivity, daytime color, and durability. Laboratory test procedures were also included to examine the quality of the glass beads used in this study. The field performance results were analyzed to determine the service life of the various marking materials. In addition, the results were used to estimate the life cycle cost of these materials and develop a material selection matrix for use in District 11. Based on the outcome of this study, it was recommended that District 11 continue to use epoxy on new asphalt and concrete surfaces and to use traffic paint for restriping applications. For two-lane roads with asphalt surfaces, it was recommended to restripe the edge lines every two years and restripe the centerlines every year. On selected roads with sharp curves that slope towards the Ohio River, it was recommended to restripe the centerlines as well as the edge lines on an annual basis to avoid run-off road crashes. For multi-lane roads with asphalt surfaces, it was recommended to restripe locations with low traffic and good pavement condition every two years and restripe all lines at locations with high traffic (ADT greater than or equal to 10,000 vehicles per day) or rough pavement condition (pavement condition rating (PCR) less than 80) every year. For all roads with concrete surfaces, it was recommended to restripe all lines every year regardless of the traffic level and pavement condition. One material that is increasingly being used in Ohio for striping and restriping applications on asphalt surfaces is spray thermoplastic. This material was not included in this study because it is not compatible with epoxy, which was previously installed on several of the test sites prior to the beginning of this project. Some districts reported favorable results from using spray thermoplastic. Therefore, District 11 is encouraged to look into using this less expensive material as an alternative for epoxy markings on new asphalt surfaces. It should be emphasized that the previous recommendations are specific to District 11 and may not be applicable to other ODOT districts due to variations in traffic levels, environmental conditions, and pavement marking material selection practices.
Download or read book Synthesis of Benefits and Costs of Alternative Lane Marking Strategies written by Michael D. Fontaine and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) currently uses snowplowable raised pavement markers (SRPMs) to supplement longitudinal pavement markings on some facilities. SRPMs are much more visible than traditional longitudinal markings under wet, nighttime conditions. SRPMs have been reported to dislodge from pavement, however, which has raised the question as to whether alternative marking materials might be able to replace SRPMs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the visibility performance of longitudinal pavement marking materials currently on the market. The specific objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether or not new pavement marking materials could be used in place of SRPMs; (2) if SRPMs were to be used, to develop guidelines for their installation and maintenance; and (3) to determine the costs and benefits of using SRPMs to the maximum extent possible. No new data on the visibility or durability of pavement marking materials were collected for this study. The study primarily synthesized existing research on the characteristics of different marking materials and then applied information derived from the synthesis to Virginia-specific data to estimate the impacts of using different materials. National practices for installing, inspecting, and maintaining SRPMs were also reviewed. The results of the literature review indicated that SRPMs remain the only marking system that provides sufficient nighttime preview time at high speeds, especially under wet conditions. Further, SRPMs can improve safety in certain situations, but they can also degrade safety in other situations since drivers may travel at higher speeds when the distance they can see down the road at night increases. Proposed guidelines for the installation and maintenance of SRPMs were developed. They recommend that SRPMs be installed on all limited access freeways, on all two-lane roads with an average daily traffic volume above 15,000 vehicles per day, and on all roads with a posted speed limit of 60 mph or greater. Several other situations where SRPMs might be installed based on engineering judgment were also identified. A proposed maintenance schedule that requires inspections every 2 to 3 years was also developed. A conservative economic analysis indicated that the benefits of installing and maintaining SRPMs using the guidelines developed in this study outweighed the costs by more than 80 to 1, based purely on potential safety improvements on road geometries where SRPMs have been shown to improve safety. Further, VDOT can realize cost savings by discontinuing SRPM usage on low-volume facilities and by revising particular SRPM standards.
Download or read book Evaluation of Wet weather Pavement Markings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report details the first year of a two-year project. During the first year the emphasis was on determining the wet-night visibility of various pavement marking systems under a variety of realistic rainfall levels. The researchers performed a literature review. They analyzed 20 years of Texas rainfall data to determine the most appropriate rainfall levels to use as design criteria for a rain tunnel. Using a low, medium, and high rainfall rate (0.28, 0.52, and 0.87 in. per hour, respectively), a 1600 ft long rain tunnel was designed and built at Texas A & M University's Riverside Campus. Experimental subjects drove through the rain tunnel and looked for pavement markings simulating skip lines. The researchers rotated pavement marking samples at different locations before each trial. The detection distance was recorded when the subject located the pavement marking sample. The data were analyzed in four main sections: waterborne paints, thermoplastics, tapes, and exotic materials. The analysis also included investigations into the wet-night visibility of rumble stripes, as well as wider lines. The measured dry and wet retroreflectivity measurements were analyzed, and the predictive capabilities of the wet retroreflectivity measurements were evaluated with respect to the wet-night detection distance of the markings.
Download or read book Evaluation of Pavement Marking Materials for Wet Night Conditions written by L. Ellis King and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Performance of Alternative Pavement Marking Materials written by Haoqiang Fu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a Pavement Marking Striping Strategy for ODOT District 11 written by Tanvir Quasem and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research work evaluated four pavement marking materials installed on pavements at 11 test sites located at ODOT District 11. Fast dry traffic paint, polyester, epoxy and thermoplastic were the four marking materials installed at the sites across the district on two-lane and four-lane highways having a variety of pavement types, pavement geometries, and traffic volumes. The main focus was to evaluate fast dry traffic paint and polyester as a restriping material, while epoxy and thermoplastic were evaluated for a purpose of comparison. Most of the sites were located on two-lane roads in rural locations, with an average daily traffic (ADT) of less than 5,000 vehicles per day and an average daily truck traffic (ADTT) of less than 1,000 trucks per day. Only two four-lane sites (located along US 22 in Jefferson County) were included because of their high traffic levels and to facilitate the comparison between two-lane and four-lane roads. Marking materials were installed on a 2 mile road section. The test section was divided into 4 segments each with a 0.5 mile length. In order to evaluate the performance of polyester and fast-dry traffic paint as restriping materials, a 0.1-mile portion of the right edge line in the middle of Sections 1 and 4 was left intact so that both materials could be installed over the existing markings. For the remaining portion of the sections, polyester and fast-dry traffic paint were installed on bare pavement surfaces after the removal of the existing pavement markings. Epoxy and thermoplastic was installed after removing existing marking material. Centerlines were restriped with polyester at section 1 and paint at other sections. During a two year period, the pavement markings were evaluated in terms of dry retroreflectivity, daytime color and durability. A handheld Delta LTL-X retroreflectometer was used to measures pavement marking retroreflectivity in accordance with CEN and ASTM standards using a 30-m geometry to simulate the roadway being illuminated by the headlights of a car. A MiniScan XE Plus (Model 4500L) spectrocolorimeter was used to measure the daytime color of the markings. Durability was evaluated using a subjective rating as an integer on a scale of 0 (the material is completely missing) to 10 (where 100% of the material remains). Photographs were taken to document the condition of the markings for future reference. Laboratory testing was also conducted to examine the quality of the glass beads used during the marking installation. Finally, statistical analysis was performed on the initial and two-year field evaluation data using Minitab 17. Effect of various factors (such as the pavement type, line type, marking material and color, etc.) on the retroreflectivity performance of the pavement markings were determined. The service life of all marking materials was estimated using the linear and the power models for each line at all test sites using a minimum retroreflectivity value of 100 mcd/m2/lux. A Microsoft Excel macro was developed to handle the large amount of data involved in the analysis. Based on the analysis result different restriping strategies were proposed along with the cost analysis for the whole district. Material selection matrices were presented for the two-lane and multi-lane roadways which will help the district office in strategy development and decision making.
Download or read book Determining the Longevity and Service Life of Pavement Marking Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
