Download or read book Detecting and Locating Small Earthquakes On Remote Oceanic Transform Faults written by Rhiannon Vieceli and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although oceanic transform faults (OTFs) constitute a small fraction of the total plate boundary area, better constraints on OTF tectonic parameters (e.g. fault length, slip rate, thermal structure) compared to other tectonic boundaries make OTFs a useful focus of the investigation of earthquake processes. OTF earthquakes are also accompanied by a large fraction of aseismic deformation that makes them an interesting target for exploring the interaction of creep with slow and quick earthquakes. Because most typical OTFs are quite remote, even indirectly observing their deformation processes is a serious challenge. Standard teleseismic analysis methods have yielded valuable constraints on the first-order characteristics of moderate-to-large magnitude OTF earthquakes, but fundamental questions regarding rupture length and area as well as rupture-front propagation speed remain unknown in these systems; identifying the smaller-magnitude activity that often provides insight to some of these quantities is difficult. Short-period seismic arrays occasionally provide adequate information needed to locate small ($m_b \leq 4.5$) earthquakes along Mid-Atlantic transforms. In this work, we explore the possibility of detecting and locating small earthquakes along remote OTFs using intermediate-period waveform-based comparisons (e.g. cross-correlations) of template signals with the continuous seismic wavefield observed at seismic stations surrounding several OTFs. % The best results were obtained when using data with a bandwidth of $20-25 s \leq T \leq 50 s$ and when implementing the Match-and-Locate (M\&L) method of \emph{Zhang and Wen} [2015] that accounts for modest location differences between the template and target events. As expected, station coverage, template-station geometry, and the number of channels with high-quality data affect the results. When the M\&L method is used, valuable information on relative earthquake locations and magnitude estimates is obtained. While our results indicate that template events may be able to detect earthquakes occurring along the same transform at distances up to $\sim$250 km, the greatest results will be produced when searching for earthquakes closer to the template; a template event of $M_W$ 5.5 with 21 channels of high-quality data is expected to identify a co-located $M_W$~3.4 event roughly 73\% of the time and a template event of $M_W$ 5.0 with 66 channels of high-quality data is expected to identify a co-located $M_W$ 3.5 roughly 87\% of the time. % We applied the M\&L method to the Romanche Transform Fault of the Central Mid Atlantic, and detected 15 small earthquakes occurring near the eastern edge of the fault that may have gone undetected in between 2012-01-01 and 2014-07-01. We also applied the approach to characterize the foreshock and aftershock sequences of the 2015-02-13 $M_W$ 7.1 earthquake of the Charlie-Gibbs Transform Fault in the North Atlantic. We did not detect any uncatalogued foreshocks, but we identified six uncatalogued aftershocks. Still, the results are consistent with experience - oceanic transform systems produce substantially fewer aftershocks that comparable continental systems.
Download or read book Earthquake Behavior and Structure of Oceanic Transform Faults written by Emily Carlson Roland and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanic transform faults that accommodate strain at mid-ocean ridge offsets represent a unique environment for studying fault mechanics. Here, I use seismic observations and models to explore how fault structure affects mechanisms of slip at oceanic transforms. Using teleseismic data, I find that seismic swarms on East Pacific Rise (EPR) transforms exhibit characteristics consistent with the rupture propagation velocity of shallow aseismic creep transients. I also develop new thermal models for the ridge-transform fault environment to estimate the spatial distribution of earthquakes at transforms. Assuming a temperature-dependent rheology, thermal models indicated that a significant amount of slip within the predicted temperature-dependent seismogenic area occurs without producing large-magnitude earthquakes. Using a set of local seismic observations, I consider how along-fault variation in the mechanical behavior may be linked to material properties and fault structure. I use wide-angle refraction data from the Gofar and Quebrada faults on the equatorial EPR to determine the seismic velocity structure, and image wide low-velocity zones at both faults. Evidence for fractured fault zone rocks throughout the crust suggests that unique friction characteristics may influence earthquake behavior. Together, earthquake observations and fault structure provide new information about the controls on fault slip at oceanic transform faults.
Download or read book Living on an Active Earth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The destructive force of earthquakes has stimulated human inquiry since ancient times, yet the scientific study of earthquakes is a surprisingly recent endeavor. Instrumental recordings of earthquakes were not made until the second half of the 19th century, and the primary mechanism for generating seismic waves was not identified until the beginning of the 20th century. From this recent start, a range of laboratory, field, and theoretical investigations have developed into a vigorous new discipline: the science of earthquakes. As a basic science, it provides a comprehensive understanding of earthquake behavior and related phenomena in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. As an applied science, it provides a knowledge base of great practical value for a global society whose infrastructure is built on the Earth's active crust. This book describes the growth and origins of earthquake science and identifies research and data collection efforts that will strengthen the scientific and social contributions of this exciting new discipline.
Download or read book Seismic Behavior on Oceanic Transform Faults Revealed by Numerical Modeling and Seismic Observation written by Pengcheng Shi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nature written by Sir Norman Lockyer and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-12 with total page 4318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
Download or read book Remote Sensing written by Floyd F. Sabins and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2007-06-11 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for an introductory course in remote sensing, this highly regarded text offers 28 pages with color photos, Sabins trademark clarity, and comprehensive coverage. The first chapter vividly introduces the major remote sensing systems and the interactions between electromagnetic energy and materials that are the basis for remote sensing. Six following chapters describe the major imaging systems. After a digital image-processing chapter, Sabins devotes the rest of the text to descriptions of practical applications of remote sensing to environmental monitoring, oil and mineral exploration, land-use and geographic information systems, and natural hazards.
Download or read book Geological Survey Professional Paper written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seismological Research Letters written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Geoscience Remote Sensing written by Maged Marghany and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, advanced remote sensing technology plays tremendous roles to build a quantitative and comprehensive understanding of how the Earth system operates. The advanced remote sensing technology is also used widely to monitor and survey the natural disasters and man-made pollution. Besides, telecommunication is considered as precise advanced remote sensing technology tool. Indeed precise usages of remote sensing and telecommunication without a comprehensive understanding of mathematics and physics. This book has three parts (i) microwave remote sensing applications, (ii) nuclear, geophysics and telecommunication; and (iii) environment remote sensing investigations.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern Earthquake Engineering written by Junbo Jia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-01 with total page 859 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses applications of earthquake engineering for both offshore and land-based structures. It is self-contained as a reference work and covers a wide range of topics, including topics related to engineering seismology, geotechnical earthquake engineering, structural engineering, as well as special contents dedicated to design philosophy, determination of ground motions, shock waves, tsunamis, earthquake damage, seismic response of offshore and arctic structures, spatial varied ground motions, simplified and advanced seismic analysis methods, sudden subsidence of offshore platforms, tank liquid impacts during earthquakes, seismic resistance of non-structural elements, and various types of mitigation measures, etc. The target readership includes professionals in offshore and civil engineering, officials and regulators, as well as researchers and students in this field.
Download or read book Advanced Remote Sensing Technology for Tsunami Modelling and Forecasting written by Maged Marghany and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The innovation in space technologies has generated a new method for observing and monitoring tsunamis from space. Most tsunami remote sensing studies focus on using classical image processing tools or conventional edge detection procedures. However, these methods do not use modern physics, applied mathematics, signal communication, remote sensing data and innovative space technologies. This book equips readers to understand how to monitor tsunamis from space with remote sensing technology art to create a better alarm warning system.
Download or read book Regional Geology and Tectonics Principles of Geologic Analysis written by David G. Roberts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-16 with total page 908 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expert petroleum geologists David Roberts and Albert Bally bring you Regional Geology and Tectonics: Principles of Geologic Analysis, volume one in a three-volume series covering Phanerozoic regional geology and tectonics. It has been written to provide you with a detailed overview of geologic rift systems, passive margins, and cratonic basins, it features the basic principles necessary to grasping the conceptual approaches to hydrocarbon exploration in a broad range of geological settings globally. Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication A "how-to" regional geology primer that provides a detailed overview of tectonics, rift systems, passive margins, and cratonic basins The principles of regional geological analysis and the main geological and geophysical tools are discussed in detail. The tectonics of the world are captured and identified in detail through a series of unique geographic maps, allowing quick access to exact tectonic locations. Serves as the ideal introductory overview and complementary reference to the core concepts of regional geology and tectonics offered in volumes two and three in the series.
Download or read book An Introduction to Seismology Earthquakes and Earth Structure written by Seth Stein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes and Earth Structures is an introduction to seismology and its role in the earth sciences, and is written for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students. The fundamentals of seismic wave propagation are developed using a physical approach and then applied to show how refraction, reflection, and teleseismic techniques are used to study the structure and thus the composition and evolution of the earth. The book shows how seismic waves are used to study earthquakes and are integrated with other data to investigate the plate tectonic processes that cause earthquakes. Figures, examples, problems, and computer exercises teach students about seismology in a creative and intuitive manner. Necessary mathematical tools including vector and tensor analysis, matrix algebra, Fourier analysis, statistics of errors, signal processing, and data inversion are introduced with many relevant examples. The text also addresses the fundamentals of seismometry and applications of seismology to societal issues. Special attention is paid to help students visualize connections between different topics and view seismology as an integrated science. An Introduction to Seismology, Earthquakes, and Earth Structure gives an excellent overview for students of geophysics and tectonics, and provides a strong foundation for further studies in seismology. Multidisciplinary examples throughout the text - catering to students in varied disciplines (geology, mineralogy, petrology, physics, etc.). Most up to date book on the market - includes recent seismic events such as the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey, Greece, and Taiwan). Chapter outlines - each chapter begins with an outline and a list of learning objectives to help students focus and study. Essential math review - an entire section reviews the essential math needed to understand seismology. This can be covered in class or left to students to review as needed. End of chapter problem sets - homework problems that cover the material presented in the chapter. Solutions to all odd numbered problem sets are listed in the back so that students can track their progress. Extensive References - classic references and more current references are listed at the end of each chapter. A set of instructor's resources containing downloadable versions of all the figures in the book, errata and answers to homework problems is available at: http://levee.wustl.edu/seismology/book/. Also available on this website are PowerPoint lecture slides corresponding to the first 5 chapters of the book.
