Download or read book Design of Low Cost Highly Adsorbent Activated Carbon Fibers written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. troops and civilians face increasing risk of exposure to chemical and biological threats as developing nations and terrorist groups turn to these lower cost weapons for their arsenals. EKOS has developed a novel activated carbon fiber - (ACF) that combines the low cost and durability of GAC with tailored pore size and pore surface chemistry for improved defense against chemical agents. ACF has another key advantage as it can be manufactured in a wide variety of product forms that allows for design flexibility (hoods, masks, parkas, handkerchiefs). In addition, EKOS demonstrated the potential to utilize carbon coated sub-micron glass fibers to replace both components of the current gas mask (HEPA filter and bed of GAC) to greatly reduce pressure drop and achieve filtration/adsorption in a single step. Finally, designed structures obtained through computational fluid dynamics were built through stereolithography (honeycomb and octet truss) then coated with activated carbon to examine a unique strategy for next generation gas masks.
Download or read book Design of Low Cost Highly Adsorbent Activated Carbon Fibers for Air Water Purification written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. troops face increasing risk of exposure to chemical and biological warfare threats as poorer nations and terrorist groups turn to these lower cost weapons for their arsenals. Despite the increased menace from these lethal agents, gas mask technology has remained virtually unchanged over the past several decades thus leaving soldiers at risk to newly developed nerve and pathogenic agents designed to defeat conventional GAC gas mask technology. EKOS Materials Corp. proposes a novel activated carbon fiber (ACF) that will combine the low cost and durability of GAC with tailored pore size and pore surface chemistry for improved defense against chemical weapons. One of the key advantages of this ACF is that it can be manufactured in a wide variety of product forms (textiles, felts, papers) which allows for vast design flexibility. Thus the potential exists to utilize carbon coated sub-micron glass fibers to replace both components of the current gas mask (HEPA filter and GAC) to greatly reduce pressure drop and achieve filtration/adsorption in a single step.
Download or read book Activated Carbon Fiber and Textiles written by Jonathan Y Chen and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Carbon Fiber and Textiles provides systematic coverage of the fundamentals, properties, and current and emerging applications of carbon fiber textiles in a single volume, providing industry professionals and academics working in the field with a broader understanding of these materials. Part I discusses carbon fiber principles and production, including precursors and pyrolysis, carbon fiber spinning, and carbonization and activation. Part II provides more detailed analysis of the key properties of carbon fiber textiles, including their thermal, acoustic, electrical, adsorption, and mechanical behaviors. The final section covers applications of carbon fiber such as filtration, energy protection, and energy and gas storage. - Features input from an editor who is an expert in his field: Professor Jonathan Chen has a wealth of experience in the area of activated carbon fiber materials - Provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the key aspects of activated carbon fiber textiles, from their principles, processing, and properties to their industrial applications - Offers up-to-date coverage of new technology for the fiber and textiles industries - Covers applications such as filtration, energy protection, and energy and gas storage
Download or read book Granular Activated Carbon written by Clark and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989-10-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book presents design, cost, and performance information on the application of GAC in drinking water, including the use of GAC both in the U.S. and overseas. Various design concepts for the unit operations that make up the GAC process are presented in 11 comprehensive, complete chapters, including a special chapter that provides cost equations and comparative cost studies for full scale application of GAC.
Download or read book Design and Control of Structure of Advanced Carbon Materials for Enhanced Performance written by Brian Rand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon is unique in the range of structures and properties that are displayed by its material forms. The bonds in diamond, within the plane ofgraphite and in the fullerene molecules, C , are the strongest covalent bonds possible. This strong covalent bonding 60 leads to some exceptional intrinsic properties, examples ofwhich are: the greatest Young's modulus (in diamond, within the graphite plane and in single walled nanotubes) the highest room temperature thermal conductivity (in diamond and within the graphite plane) high hole mobility in doped diamond exceptional thermal stability ofthe structure in graphite It is because of the extreme thermal stability that such a wide range of materials is available. Atomic mobilities are low at all but the highest temperatures. Sintering, melting and casting ofcarbon are not feasible processing operations and carbon/graphite components are exclusively produced from the pyrolytic decomposition of organic precursors. The vast majority of engineering carbons have Sp2 type bonding and are related in some way to the structure of graphite. In the c-direction the bonding in graphite is of van der Waals character with the result that graphite is highly anisotropic in its properties and is probably unique in showing both the highest and lowest bond strengths in different directions in the same crystal.
Download or read book Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies written by T.D. Burchell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-07-22 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspiration for this book came from an American Carbon Society Workshop entitled "Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies" which was hosted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1994. Chapter 1 contains a review of carbon materials, and emphasizes the structure and chemical bonding in the various forms of carbon, including the four allotropes diamond, graphite, carbynes, and the fullerenes. In addition, amorphous carbon and diamond films, carbon nanoparticles, and engineered carbons are discussed. The most recently discovered allotrope of carbon, i.e., the fullerenes, along with carbon nanotubes, are more fully discussed in Chapter 2, where their structure-property relations are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon based materials. The synthesis, structure, and properties of the fullerenes and nanotubes, and modification of the structure and properties through doping, are also reviewed. Potential applications of this new family of carbon materials are considered.The manufacture and applications of adsorbent carbon fibers are discussed in Chapter 3. The manufacture, structure and properties of high performance fibers are reviewed in Chapter 4, and the manufacture and properties of vapor grown fibers and their composites are reported in Chapter 5. The properties and applications of novel low density composites developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are reported in Chapter 6.Coal is an important source of energy and an abundant source of carbon. The production of engineering carbons and graphite from coal via a solvent extraction route is described in Chapter 7. Applications of activated carbons are discussed in Chapters 8-10, including their use in the automotive arena as evaporative loss emission traps (Chapter 8), and in vehicle natural gas storage tanks (Chapter 9). The application of activated carbons in adsorption heat pumps and refrigerators is discussed in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reports the use of carbon materials in the fast growing consumer electronics application of lithium-ion batteries. The role of carbon materials in nuclear systems is discussed in Chapters 12 and 13, where fusion device and fission reactor applications, respectively, are reviewed. In Chapter 12 the major technological issues for the utilization of carbon as a plasma facing material are discussed in the context of current and future fusion tokamak devices.The essential design features of graphite moderated reactors, (including gas-, water- and molten salt-cooled systems) are reviewed in Chapter 13, and reactor environmental effects such as radiation damage and radiolytic corrosion are discussed. The fracture behaviour of graphite is discussed in qualitative and quantitative terms in Chapter 14. The applications of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics to graphite are reviewed and a study of the role of small flaws in nuclear graphites is reported.
Download or read book Carbon Fibers written by Soo-Jin Park and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains eight chapters that discuss the manufacturing methods, surface treatment, composite interfaces, microstructure-property relationships with underlying fundamental physical and mechanical principles, and applications of carbon fibers and their composites. Recently, carbon-based materials have received much attention for their many potential applications. The carbon fibers are very strong, stiff, and lightweight, enabling the carbon materials to deliver improved performance in several applications such as aerospace, sports, automotive, wind energy, oil and gas, infrastructure, defense, and semiconductors. However, the use of carbon fibers in cost-sensitive, high-volume industrial applications is limited because of their relatively high costs. However, its production is expected to increase because of its widespread use in high-volume industrial applications; therefore, the methods used for manufacturing carbon fibers and carbon-fiber-reinforced composites and their structures and characteristics need to be investigated.
Download or read book Activated Carbon written by Harry Marsh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-07-12 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen an expansion in speciality uses of activated carbons including medicine, filtration, and the purification of liquids and gaseous media. Much of current research and information surrounding the nature and use of activated carbon is scattered throughout various literature, which has created the need for an up-to-date comprehensive and integrated review reference. In this book, special attention is paid to porosities in all forms of carbon, and to the modern-day materials which use activated carbons - including fibres, clothes, felts and monoliths. In addition, the use of activated carbon in its granular and powder forms to facilitate usage in liquid and gaseous media is explored. Activated Carbon will make essential reading for Material Scientists, Chemists and Engineers in academia and industry. - Characterization of porosity - The surface chemistry of the carbons - Methods of activation and mechanisms of adsorptio - Computer modelling of structure and porosity within carbons - Modern instrumental analytical methods
Download or read book Novel Carbon Adsorbents written by Juan M.D. Tascón and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-11-23 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following in the lineage of Adsorption by Carbons (Bottani & Tascon, 2008), this work explores current research within contemporary novel carbon adsorbents. Both basic and applied aspects are discussed for this important class of materials. The first section of the book introduces physical adsorption and carbonaceous materials, and is followed by a section concerning the fundamentals of adsorption by carbons. This leads to development of a series of theoretical concepts that serve as an introduction to the following section in which adsorption is mainly envisaged as a tool to characterize the porous texture and surface chemistry of carbons. Particular attention is paid to novel nanocarbons, and the electrochemistry of adsorption by carbons is also addressed. Finally, several important technological applications of gas and liquid adsorption by carbons in areas such as environmental protection and energy storage constitute the last section of the book. - Encompasses fundamental science of adsorption by carbons, in one location, supporting current R&D without extensive literature review - Describes adsorption as it is currently applied to major novel types of carbon materials, including carbon gels, carbide-derived carbons, zeolite-templated carbvons, hydrothermal carbons, carbon nanohorns and graphene - Specific discussion of fuel storage, environmental remediation and biomedical applications, of contemporary interest to many surface chemists and applications-focused researchers
Download or read book Scale up of Novel Low Cost Carbon Fibers Leading to High Volume Commercial Launch written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project started in September, 2012 with the goal of scaling up from the existing laboratory scale process for producing carbon fiber (CF) from polyolefin (PO) based precursor fiber using a Dow proprietary sulfonation-desulfonation stabilization process. The award was used to develop a process that was capable of producing market development quantities of CF from PO precursor fiber at a rate of 4 kg/h of CF. The CF would target properties that met or exceeded the Department of Energy (DOE) Vehicles Technology [1] standard; i.e., 172 GPa modulus and 1.72 GPa strength at greater than or equal to 1% strain. The Dow proprietary process was capable of meeting and exceeding these targets properties. Project DE-EE0005760 resulted from a Collaborative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between Dow and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) with support from the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC) and DOE. In the first budget period, the main goal was to design a sulfonation-desulfonation market development plant capable of stabilizing PO precursor fiber at a rate of 5 kg/h using a sulfonation solution. The detailed design, location, and cost estimate were determined as scheduled in the Project Management Plan (PMP). In parallel with this DOE award project was a fundamentals and economic evaluation funded by The Dow Chemical Company (Dow). The goal of the Dow sponsored project was to finalize the mass balances, energy balances, and levelized cost to produce CF using the Dow process. A Go-No-Go decision was scheduled in June, 2013 based on the findings of the DOE sponsored scale up project and the Dow sponsored project. In June, 2013, Dow made the No-Go decision to halt and abandon the Dow proprietary sulfonation-desulfonation process for stabilizing PO precursor fibers for the manufacturing of CF. This No-Go decision was identified in the original proposal and at the start of this project, and the decision was made as scheduled. The decision was based on the high levelized economic cost of the process relative to the manufacture of CF from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursor fibers. The capital required to sulfonate the fibers adds a significant cost to the process due to the need for investment in a sulfuric acid recovery plant. This high additional capital over the capital for a PAN based CF plant, reduces the levelized economic cost to slightly advantaged over PAN based CF. The sulfonation-desulfonation stabilization route failed to meet the Dow's return on investment criterion and the cost advantage target set forth for the DOE project. The DOE and Dow decided to halt spending on the project until a new PO fiber stabilization process could be identified that met the DOE physical properties standard and the levelized economic cost constraints of Dow. When the new technology was developed, then award DE-EE0005760 would be re-started with the same goals of the development of a market development plant capable of producing CF at 4 kg/h with the properties that met or exceed those set forth by the Department of Energy Vehicles Technology standard. Progress on the development of the new process has been slow and thus has delayed the scale up project. Dow's efforts to date have not progressed to the point of demonstrating a commercially-viable process for production of low cost CF from PO precursors for Dow's rigorous economic constraints. After extensive discussions within Dow and consultation with DOE's Advanced Manufacturing Office (AMO) Headquarters and Golden Field Office teams, Dow has decided to proceed with the formal recommendation to terminate subject project. DOE's AMO Headquarters and Golden Field Office teams agreed with the termination of the project.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation written by Teresa J. Bandosz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation provides a comprehensive summary of the environmental applications of activated carbons. In order to understand the removal of contaminants and pollutants on activated carbons, the theoretical bases of adsorption phenomena are discussed. The effects of pore structure and surface chemistry are also addressed from both science and engineering perspectives. Each chapter provides examples of real applications with an emphasis on the role of the carbon surface in adsorption or reactive adsorption. The practical aspects addressed in this book cover the broad spectrum of applications from air and water cleaning and energy storage to warfare gas removal and biomedical applications. This book can serve as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners with an interest in filtration, water treatment, adsorbents and air cleaning, in addition to environmental policies and regulations. Addresses fundamental carbon science and how it relates to applications of carbon surfaces Describes the broad spectrum of activated carbon applications in environmental remediation Serves as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field
Download or read book Carbon Fibers written by Jean-Baptiste Donnet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-19 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Third Edition offers the latest information on the structural, surface, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and magnetic properties of carbon fibers as well as their manufacture and industrial applications from many of the world's most distinguished specialists in the field. "
Download or read book Carbon Fibers Third Edition written by Jean-Baptiste Donnet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-03-19 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Third Edition offers the latest information on the structural, surface, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and magnetic properties of carbon fibers as well as their manufacture and industrial applications from many of the world's most distinguished specialists in the field. "
Download or read book Fiber Materials written by Jeenat Aslam and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-03-20 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced fiber materials have been developed for various superior applications because of their higher mechanical flexibility, high-temperature resistance, and outstanding chemical stability. This book presents an overview of the current development of advanced fiber materials, fabrication methods, and applications. Applications covered include pollution control, environment, energy, information storage technology, optical and photonic, photocatalysis, textile, drug delivery, tumor therapy, corrosion protection applications, and a state of art of advanced fiber materials.
Download or read book Development of Activated Carbon Fibers for Organic Removals written by Doaa Salim Samhan Alkathiri and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Phenols are classified to be one of the most hazardous pollutants found in wastewater. They are discharged into rivers, lakes and seas, causing adverse effects on the environmental and human health. Adsorption is a well-known technique used to treat wastewater. Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) are highly microporous efficient adsorbents due to their small diameters, high surface area and excellent volumetric capacity. In this work, ACFs were produced using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers using different methods and tools. The fibers were stabilized initially at 250 °C followed by carbonization at 850°C at a heating rate of 10°C/min and under the flow of nitrogen gas at a flow rate of 135ml/min. The carbonized fibers were subjected to physical (carbon dioxide) and chemical (potassium hydroxide) activation. The results showed that chemical activation using 3:1 ratio of KOH(wt/wt) produced fibers with a higher surface area of 2885m2/g compared to the physically activated fibers (774m2/g). The synthesized ACFs (Syn-ACFs) were compared and characterized in terms of morphology, thermal stability, composition and pore characteristics using SEM, EDS, TGA, CHN and nitrogen isotherm (Quantachrome). Bench scale batch experiments were carried out to determine and compare the adsorption efficiency, optimum parameters and the capacity of Syn-ACF and commercial ACFs (C-ACFs) for p-cresol removal. The adsorption optimum conditions using Syn-ACFs are: Syn-ACFs dosage = 1 g/l, contact time = 30 minutes, temperature = 25°C and initial pH = 4.6. The adsorption study on (Syn-ACFs) gave a higher removal efficiency of 91.0% of p-cresol compared to 71.6% (C-ACFs) at a concentration of 350ppm. In addition, the adsorption isotherms of p-cresol on C-ACFs and Syn-ACFs were found to follow the Langmuir isotherm equation; however, Syn-ACFs revealed a higher adsorption capacity (500mg/g) compared to C-ACFs (294 mg/g) at 25°C.The Syn-ACFs regeneration method was evaluated thermally at elevated temperatures and chemically using ethanol and n-hexane solvents. The thermal regeneration at 600°C achieved a higher removal efficiency of 84% compared to n-hexane (78%). The Syn-ACFs were evaluated for the treatment of produced water to ensure a removal of 71.2%. The results indicated that Syn-ACFs could be used as an efficient adsorbent for p-cresol removal in wastewater."--Abstract.
Download or read book Green Adsorbents written by George Z. Kyzas and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption technology is a promising avenue for wastewater treatment. Numerous adsorbent materials are presently synthesized. Green or environmental friendly adsorbents are derived from plants and agricultural crop sources, giving them a very low production cost when compared to synthetic polymers. This monograph explains the basic principles of green adsorption technology, their production processes and strategies to remove different categories of environmental pollutants (dyes, heavy metals and phenols/pesticides). The book explains details in terms of features such as adsorption capacity, physico-chemical kinetics and reuse potential. A summary of the economics and future prospect for green adsorption technology is also given. This text is a handy reference for environmental chemistry students, researchers and policy makers.
