Download or read book Design and Verification of a Landfill Gas Extraction Model Employing Bioreactor Enhancement Methods written by James W. Baier and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Methods to Improve Capture of Greenhouse Gases from Bioreactor Landfills written by Yoojin Jung and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landfill methane (CH 4) is a potent greenhouse gas contributing to global climate change, and therefore, it should be captured to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. Collected CH 4 can also be used as an alternative energy source. To control landfill gas (LFG) emissions, gas collection systems of various designs have been used. However, the efficiency of LFG recovery systems can be problematic, particularly before installation of final landfill covers. In addition, despite the widespread use of LFG collection systems for over two decades, little information about their capture efficiency is available because LFG generation rates usually remain unknown. Therefore, in order to enhance the efficiency of CH 4 capture and reduce fugitive emissions, it is critical to improve the design of LFG collection systems, properly determine LFG production rates, and quantify gas flow patterns within landfills. This is particularly important for landfills that are actively operated as bioreactors, since LFG production rates are typically higher due to rapid degradation of organic waste, or landfills with intermediate covers in which gas transport between the atmosphere and the landfill body readily occurs. This study explores methods that can improve operation of bioreactor landfills by reducing CH 4 emissions and enhancing CH 4 collection efficiency, and that can be used to estimate LFG generation rates and the distribution of gas flow parameters within waste. This work began with the analysis of an innovative gas collection system - a near-surface high permeability layer - for enhancing LFG capture and reducing fugitive CH 4 emissions. The high-permeability layer serves as a gas conductive layer uniformly distributing gas pressure, which extends the zone of influence of pumping wells. The gas collection system with a near-surface permeable layer was able to entrap LFG far from the well. The uniform pressure distribution above the permeable layer contributed to minimizing oxygen (O 2) intrusion into the landfill and maximizing CH 4 oxidation throughout the landfill soil cover, in addition to improving the CH 4 capture efficiency and reducing fugitive CH 4 emissions. More importantly, the presence of a permeable layer resulted in near constant collection rates of biogas regardless of variations in heterogeneous landfill conditions, such as waste permeability. The near-surface permeable layer also reduced preferential gas flows through cracks in the cover material, resulting in minimal impact of surface cracking on CH 4 emissions and O 2 intrusion. A second task was to investigate and advance the baro-pneumatic method, which is used to quantify CH 4 generation rates and estimate the gas permeability field. The baro-pneumatic method was modified by incorporating an inverse modeling approach, the pilot point method, to improve the efficacy of the method in landfills with heterogeneous gas permeabilities. Based on synthetic exercises, the inverse model reproduced the spatial permeability distribution reasonably well using transient pressure changes in response to the withdrawal of LFG during pumping tests. The LFG production rate was also successfully estimated using data from baro-pneumatic tests. The LFG flow models were calibrated to the site-specific gas pressure data using the modified baro-pneumatic method. These models were able to provide excellent predictions of gas pressure distributions and flow patterns in heterogeneous landfills.

Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Enhanced Leachate Recirculated ELR Landfill Operation and Gas Extraction on Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by Sonia Samir and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bioreactor/ enhanced leachate recirculated (ELR) landfill operation, with the addition of moisture/ leachate to the landfill accelerates the process of landfill waste decomposition and, over a short period of time, increases the generation of landfill gas (LFG). Since emissions from the landfills are directly related to the generation of gas, the increase in gas generation might also increase the emissions from the landfill. The presence of gas extraction is suggested to mitigate the fugitive emissions from the landfills. Therefore, the motivation of the current study was to evaluate the effect of an ELR operation, as well as the gas extraction, on the greenhouse gas emissions from the landfill. The current study was conducted in the City of Denton Landfill, Texas. Methane emissions were investigated using a portable flame ionization detector (FID) and static flux chamber technique at the landfill surface. Emissions were measured from an ELR- operated cell (cell 2), as well as a conventional cell (cell 0), in the City of Denton Landfill. Methane emissions for cell 2 varied from 9544.3 ppm to 0 ppm, while for cell 0, they varied from 0 ppm to 47 ppm. High spatial variations were observed during monitoring from both cells 0 and cell 2, which could be recognized as the variation of gas generation below the cover soil. The comparison between emissions from the slope and surface of the landfill showed that more methane emissions occurred from the slopes than from the top surface. In addition, the average landfill emissions showed an increasing trend with an increase in temperature and decreasing trend with increasing precipitation. The effect of the ELR operation near the recirculation pipes showed a lag period between the recirculation and the maximum emissions near the pipe. The emissions near the pipe decreased after 1 day of recirculation, and after the initial decrease, the emissions started to increase and continued to increase up to 7 days after the recirculation. However, after approximately 10 days of recirculation, the emissions resumed their original state (before the recirculation). It should be noted that the change in emissions was only near the pipe. No overall change in emissions was observed from the cell due to the recirculation. The comparison between the emissions from the conventional and ELR cells showed overall higher emissions from the ELR cell, which could be attributed to the overall higher gas generation from the ELR cell. The gas extraction had a direct impact on emissions; the emissions dropped substantially right after the gas extraction from the landfill. However, the gas was extracted once in a month, and comparison with the amount of gas extraction and emissions showed that the emissions decreased as the gas extraction increased. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed to incorporate the effect of the ELR operation and the gas extraction in the estimating the methane emissions from the landfill, using the statistical tool SAS. The model was validated and showed an excellent agreement between the predicted emissions and the measured emissions from the landfills (average variation 9.6%).

Download or read book Annual Report College of Agriculture Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Kentucky written by Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issue for 1910 includes also: Report of the director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station to the Governor of Kentucky on the enforcement of the Food and drugs act for the years 1908 and 1909.

Download or read book An Introduction to Design of Landfill Gas Collection Systems written by J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. and published by Guyer Partners. This book was released on 2018-01-27 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introductory technical guidance for civil, environmental and mechanical engineers interested in design of landfill gas collection systems. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. METHODS OF LFG COLLECTION 3. LFG MONITORING PROBES 4. COVER PENETRATIONS 5. HEADER PIPING 6. VALVES 7. WELLHEADS 8. HEADER SYSTEM LAYOUT 9. CONDENSATE COLLECTION 10. DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR PASSIVE COLLECTION SYSTEMS 11. DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR ACTIVE WELL COLLECTION SYSTEMS.

Download or read book Annual Report for the Year Ending December 31 written by Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Novel Computational Approach for the Management of Bioreactor Landfills written by Mohamed E. S. M. Abdallah and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Introduction to Design of Landfill Gas Collection Systems written by J. Paul Guyer and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides technical guidance for professional engineers and landfill operators interested in the design of gas collection systems for landfills.

Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation written by Debra R. Reinhart and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Landfill gas enhancement field trials using leachate irrigation written by N. C. Blakey and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhancement of Biogas Production from Organic Wastes Through Leachate Blending and Co digestion written by Adewale Aromolaran and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several operational and environmental conditions can result in poor biogas yield during the operation of anaerobic digesters and anaerobic bioreactor landfills. Over time, anaerobic co-digestion and leachate blending have been identified as strategies that can help address some of these challenges to improve biogas production. While co-digestion entails the co-treatment of multiple substrates, leachate blending involves combination of mature and young landfill leachate. Despite the benefits attributed to these strategies, their impact on recirculating bioreactor landfill scenarios and anaerobic digesters requires further investigation. In the first phase of this thesis, an attempt to assess biogas production improvement from organic fraction of municipal solid waste in simulated bioreactor landfills through recirculation of blended landfill leachate was conducted. Real old and new leachate blends (67%New leachate:33%Old leachate, 33%New leachate:67%Old leachate) as well as 100%New and 100%Old leachate were recirculated through six laboratory-scale bioreactors using open-loop and closed-loops modes. Compared with the control bioreactor where 100% new leachate was recirculated and operated as a closed-loop, cumulative biogas production was improved by as much as 77 to 193% when a leachate blend of 33%New:67%Old was recirculated. Furthermore, comparison of the results from open-loop and closed-loop operated bioreactors indicated that there was approximately 28 to 65% more biogas in open-loop bioreactors. The Gompertz model applied to the methane data produced a better fit (R2 > 0.99) than first order and logistic function models. Leachate blending reduced the lag phase by almost half and thus helps in alleviating the ensiling during the start-up phase. In the second phase, a biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of percentage sewage scum addition; 10%, 20% and 40% (volatile solids basis) on biogas production during mesophilic co-digestion with various organic substrates viz; organic fraction of municipal solid waste, old leachate, new leachate and a leachate blend prepared from 67%old leachate and 33%new leachate under sub-optimal condition. Results show that the net cumulative bio-methane yield was improved with increased sewage scum percentage during co-digestion because of positive synergism. Meanwhile, the addition of 40% sewage scum to the individual co-substrates improved net cumulative bio-methane yield by 28% - 67% when compared to their respective mono-substrate digestion bio-methane yield. Furthermore, reactors containing leachate blends consistently produced more biogas over other sets because of blending. Kinetic modelling applied to the bio-methane production data shows modified Gompertz equation achieved a better fit with up to an R2 value of 0.999. Finally, co-digestion substantially reduced the lag time encountered during mono-digestion. In the last phase, the biomethane potential involved in the ACo-D of sewage scum, organic fraction of municipal solid waste was investigated in this phase using either thickened waste activated sludge or leachate blend (67%old leachate and 33%new leachate) as a tertiary component. Compared to the mono-digestion of TWAS, results shows that biomethane yield was enhanced in by as much as 32 - 127% in trinary mixtures with SS and OFMSW mainly due to the effect of positive synergism. Furthermore, LB addition improved biomethane production in trinary mixtures of SS:LB: OFMSW by 38% than in corresponding trinary mixtures of TWAS. Whereas an optimal combination of 40%SS:10%TWAS:50%OFMSW and 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW produced the highest biogas yield of 407mL.gVS-1 and 487mL.gVS-1 respectively. The application of the first order model showed that lower hydrolysis rates promoted methanogenesis with k = 0.04day-1 in both 20%SS:70%LB:10%OFMSW and 20%SS:50%LB:30%OFMSW. Estimations by the modified Gompertz and logistic function were conclusive methane production rate improved by as much a 60% in a trinary mixture over the production rate during mono-digestion of TWAS alone. The results of the various experiments of this thesis therefore suggest that leachate blending can be used as a strategy to improve biogas production in both bioreactor landfills and anaerobic digesters. Also, sewage scum as an energy-rich substrate can be better utilized during co-digestion with other low-energy substrates.

Download or read book Demonstration of Landfill Gas enhancement Techniques in Landfill Simulators written by Argonne National Laboratory. Energy and Environmental Systems Division and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Air Pathway Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Solid Waste Landfilling written by Raffaello Cossu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Landfilling: Concepts, Processes, Technology provides information on technologies that promote stabilization and minimize environmental impacts in landfills. As the main challenges in waste management are the reduction and proper treatment of waste and the appropriate use of waste streams, the book satisfies the needs of a modern landfill, covering waste pre-treatment, in situ treatment, long-term behavior, closure, aftercare, environmental impact and sustainability. It is written for practitioners who need specific information on landfill construction and operation, but is also ideal for those concerned about the possible return of these sites to landscapes and their subsequent uses for future generations. - Includes input by international contributors from a vast number of disciplines - Provides worldwide approaches and technologies - Showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the topic - Focuses on sustainability, covering the lifecycle of landfills under the concept of minimizing environmental impact - Presents knowledge of the legal framework and economic aspects of landfilling