Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Download or read book Competition and the Cost of Medicare s Prescription Drug Program written by Anna Cook and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (the Medicare Modernization Act, or MMA) substantially expanded the federal Medicare program by creating the prescription drug benefit known as Part D. In FY 2013, Medicare Part D covered 39 million people. The federal government spent $59 billion net of premiums on Part D in that year; after accounting for certain payments from states under the program, the net federal cost was $50 billion, which represented 10% of net federal spending for Medicare. A combination of broader trends in the prescription drug market and lower-than-expected enrollment in Part D has contributed to much lower spending for the program than projected when the MMA became law in 2003. This report examines the federal budgetary cost and competitive design of Medicare Part D and compares Medicare Part D and Medicaid Fee for Service. Figures and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Rare Diseases and Orphan Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-04-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare diseases collectively affect millions of Americans of all ages, but developing drugs and medical devices to prevent, diagnose, and treat these conditions is challenging. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends implementing an integrated national strategy to promote rare diseases research and product development.
Download or read book Aging and Decision Making written by Thomas M. Hess and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decisions large and small play a fundamental role in shaping life course trajectories of health and well-being: decisions draw upon an individual's capacity for self-regulation and self-control, their ability to keep long-term goals in mind, and their willingness to place appropriate value on their future well-being. Aging and Decision Making addresses the specific cognitive and affective processes that account for age-related changes in decision making, targeting interventions to compensate for vulnerabilities and leverage strengths in the aging individual. This book focuses on four dominant approaches that characterize the current state of decision-making science and aging - neuroscience, behavioral mechanisms, competence models, and applied perspectives. Underscoring that choice is a ubiquitous component of everyday functioning, Aging and Decision Making examines the implications of how we invest our limited social, temporal, psychological, financial, and physical resources, and lays essential groundwork for the design of decision supportive interventions for adaptive aging that take into account individual capacities and context variables. - Divided into four dominant approaches that characterize the current state of decision-making science and aging neuroscience - Explores the impact of aging on the linkages between cortical structures/functions and the behavioral indices of decision-making - Examines the themes associated with behavioral approaches that attempt integrations of methods, models, and theories of general decision-making with those derived from the study of aging - Details the changes in underlying competencies in later life and the two prevailing themes that have emerged—one, the general individual differences perspective, and two, a more clinical focus
Download or read book Public Health in Pharmacy Practice written by Jordan R Covvey and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Public Health in Pharmacy Practice: A Casebook is a collaboration of over thirty-five experts in public health pharmacy. The twenty-one chapters cover a broad array of topics relevant to pharmacy applications of public health: cross-cultural care, health literacy and disparities, infectious disease, health promotion and disease prevention, medication safety, women's and rural health and more. Each chapter contains learning objectives and an introduction to the topic, followed by a case and questions. The chapter closes with commentary from the authors and patient-oriented considerations for the topic at hand"--Publisher's description
Download or read book Medicare Primer written by Patricia A. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a general overview of the Medicare program including descriptions of the program's history, eligibility criteria, covered services, provider payment systems, and program administration and financing.
Download or read book ANDA Litigation written by Kenneth L. Dorsney and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the intersection between the statutory and regulatory scheme governing approval of generic pharmaceuticals and U.S. patent law in the context of Paragraph IV ANDA litigation, this comprehensive guide focuses on current and developing law as well as litigation strategies and tactics. This ready roadmap begins with an explanation of the Hatch-Waxman Act, its implementation, and litigation. Other topics include preparing and trying the case, post-trial issues and appeals, remedies, settlement, antitrust implications, and litigation of pharmaceuticals outside the U.S.
Download or read book How Increased Competition from Generic Drugs Has Affected Prices and Returns in the Pharmaceutical Industry written by and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1998 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Closing the Quality Gap written by Kaveh G. Shojania and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicare Law written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 written by CCH Incorporated and published by Wolters Kluwer. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic Laws of Scientific Research written by Terence Kealey and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 1996 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1980s Terence Kealey was universally derided for his claims that British and American science were expanding fast. Everyone else thought that they were in decline. He has been vindicated, but he had an unfair advantage; he knew the economic laws of scientific research and his critics did not. This book now makes them available to all. If state-funded research promotes economic, cultural or even scientific growth, why do Japan and Switzerland flourish in its near-absence while Russia and India have stagnated in a sea of government largesse? Why has Britain's relative economic decline, and that of America, coincided with their government's funding of research? Assessing the evidence from international comparisons and historical research, Terence Kealey shows how the free market approach has proved by far the most successful in promoting science, innovation, wealth and happiness.
Download or read book Generic Drug Entry Prior to Patent Expiration written by United States. Federal Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 2001, the Commission began an industry-wide study focused on certain aspects of generic drug competition under the Hatch-Waxman Amendments. The Amendments provide certain methods by which generic drug manufacturers can obtain approval to market a generic version of a brand-name product. The study's purpose was to provide a more complete picture of how generic drug competition has developed under one method the Amendments established: generic entry prior to expiration of the brand-name company's patents on the relevant drug product.
Download or read book Description of the Prescription Drug and Medicare Improvement Act of 2003 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prescription Drugs written by David E. Newton and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prescription drugs are a basic and invaluable part of society today, but there is debate surrounding the methods of testing new drugs, the possible misuse of prescription drugs, and the economics of drug production and use. This book examines the evolution of prescription drugs in the United States, as well as the formation of the pharmaceutical industry. It begins with a history of prescription drugs, dating back to their origins, then moves through the Industrial Revolution and into the present day. It also delves into the issues and controversies related to prescription drugs, such as drug costs, regulations, prescription drug abuse, insurance complications, and more. Both implemented and proposed solutions are also discussed. One of the most valuable aspects of the book is that it surveys the history of prescription drugs in a manner that helps the reader identify key issues in an easy-to-understand fashion. Finally, the perspectives chapter allows a broad range of voices to be heard, allowing crucial, diverse perspectives to round out the author's expertise.
Download or read book Compilation of Laws and Rules Relating to the Congressional Budget Process written by United States and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
