Download or read book Deposition and Characterization of Transition Metal Oxides from Aqueous Solution written by Sharon A. Betterton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aqueous chemistries of two transition metal cations, Zr4 and Nb5, are examined and then used to develop inorganic precursor solutions. The oxides of these cations (ZrO2 and Nb2O5) are deposited and characterized, and their morphological and optical properties discussed. Due to the obstacles created by niobium's aqueous chemistry, an alternative to the straightforward hydrolysis-condensation chemistry utilized to deposit ZrO2 is identified, making use of Nb10O2 clusters.

Download or read book Transition Metal Oxides for Electrochemical Energy Storage written by Jagjit Nanda and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-28 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transition Metal Oxides for Electrochemical Energy Storage Explore this authoritative handbook on transition metal oxides for energy storage Metal oxides have become one of the most important classes of materials in energy storage and conversion. They continue to have tremendous potential for research into new materials and devices in a wide variety of fields. Transition Metal Oxides for Electrochemical Energy Storage delivers an insightful, concise, and focused exploration of the science and applications of metal oxides in intercalation-based batteries, solid electrolytes for ionic conduction, pseudocapacitive charge storage, transport and 3D architectures and interfacial phenomena and defects. The book serves as a one-stop reference for materials researchers seeking foundational and applied knowledge of the titled material classes. Transition Metal Oxides offers readers in-depth information covering electrochemistry, morphology, and both in situ and in operando characterization. It also provides novel approaches to transition metal oxide-enabled energy storage, like interface engineering and three-dimensional nanoarchitectures. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the landscape and solid-state chemistry of transition metal oxides for energy storage An exploration of electrochemical energy storage mechanisms in transition metal oxides, including intercalation, pseudocapacitance, and conversion Practical discussions of the electrochemistry of transition metal oxides, including oxide/electrolyte interfaces and energy storage in aqueous electrolytes An examination of the characterization of transition metal oxides for energy storage Perfect for materials scientists, electrochemists, inorganic chemists, and applied physicists, Transition Metal Oxides for Electrochemical Energy Storage will also earn a place in the libraries of engineers in power technology and professions working in the electrotechnical industry seeking a one-stop reference on transition metal oxides for energy storage.

Download or read book Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Oxides written by Aytaç Şahin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrothermal method has proven to be an excellent method for the synthesis of novel metal oxides and vanadates. This research pertains to the synthesis of novel lead chlorovanadate compound and of a known alkali metal trivanadate compound, KV3O8 by hydrothermal method This method has been used to synthesize many inorganic oxide compounds Hydrothermal synthesis is the use of aqueous solvents under high temperature and high pressure to dissolve and recrystallize materials. Compounds with interesting structure and physical properties are often obtained from this technique that is known as one of the low-temperature synthesis techniques for solid state compounds. There are many studies that have been done on oxides in the Pb-V-O systems There are also many vanadium oxides containing Pb, V, O elements in Pb-V-O system such as Pb1.32V8.35O16.7, PbV6O11, PbV2O6, Pb2V3O8.5, and .-PbxV2O5 bronzes (x = 0.3). In an attempt to synthesize vanadium oxides at low temperature, we were able to obtain needle shaped yellow crystals of PbVO3Cl. In the nature, there is a kombatite mineral, Pb14(VO4)2O9Cl4, with the same composition of elements. A new lead chlorovanadate, PbVO3Cl, was obtained from the reaction of NaVO3 and PbCl2 in aqueous solution of B(OH)3. The compound was prepared in an autoclave that was filled with aqueous solution of B(OH)3 and heated at 170oC for 3 days. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pnma of the orthorhombic system with formula units in a cell of dimensions a = 10.022(2)

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents written by Markus Niederberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-17 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents discusses recent advances in the chemistry involved for the controlled synthesis and assembly of metal oxide nanoparticles, the characterizations required by such nanoobjects, and their size and shape depending properties. In the last few years, a valuable alternative to the well-known aqueous sol-gel processes was developed in the form of nonaqueous solution routes. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Organic Solvents reviews and compares surfactant- and solvent-controlled routes, as well as providing an overview of techniques for the characterization of metal oxide nanoparticles, crystallization pathways, the physical properties of metal oxide nanoparticles, their applications in diverse fields of technology, and their assembly into larger nano- and mesostructures. Researchers and postgraduates in the fields of nanomaterials and sol-gel chemistry will appreciate this book’s informative approach to chemical formation mechanisms in relation to metal oxides.

Download or read book Transition Metal Oxides written by H.H. Kung and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1989-04-01 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the author presents an up-to-date summary of existing information on the structure, electronic properties, chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal oxides. The subjects covered in the book can be divided into three sections. The first (chapters 1 to 3) covers the structural, physical, magnetic, and electronic properties of transition metal oxides. Although the emphasis is on surface properties, relevant bulk properties are also discussed. The second section (chapters 4 to 7) covers surface chemical properties. It includes topics that describe the importance of surface coordinative unsaturation in adsorption, the formation of surface acidity and the role of acidity in determining surface chemical properties, the nature and reactivities of adsorbed oxygen, and the surface chemistry in the reduction of oxides. The third section (chapters 8 to 14) is on the catalytic properties. Various catalytic reactions including decomposition, hydrogenation, isomerization, metathesis, selective oxidation, and reactions involving carbon oxides are discussed. Emphasis is placed more on reaction mechanisms and the role of catalysts than on kinetics and processes. Chapters on the preparation of oxide catalysts and on photo-assisted processes are also included. Whenever appropriate, relationships between various topics are indicated. Written for surface physicists, chemists, and catalytic engineers, the book will serve as a useful source of information for investigators and as a comprehensive overview of the subject for graduate students.

Download or read book Growth and Characterization of Transition Metal Oxides for Chemical Sensor Applications written by Nagaraju Chada and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films written by Theodor Schneller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first text to cover all aspects of solution processed functional oxide thin-films. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) comprises all solution based thin- film deposition techniques, which involve chemical reactions of precursors during the formation of the oxide films, i. e. sol-gel type routes, metallo-organic decomposition routes, hybrid routes, etc. While the development of sol-gel type processes for optical coatings on glass by silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide dates from the mid-20th century, the first CSD derived electronic oxide thin films, such as lead zirconate titanate, were prepared in the 1980’s. Since then CSD has emerged as a highly flexible and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of a very wide variety of functional oxide thin films. Application areas include, for example, integrated dielectric capacitors, ferroelectric random access memories, pyroelectric infrared detectors, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems, antireflective coatings, optical filters, conducting-, transparent conducting-, and superconducting layers, luminescent coatings, gas sensors, thin film solid-oxide fuel cells, and photoelectrocatalytic solar cells. In the appendix detailed “cooking recipes” for selected material systems are offered.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of the Layered Transition Metal Oxides AxNbO2 A written by Maria Anna Rzeznik and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transition Metal Oxides MxOy M written by Junzhe Dong and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: n the past few decades, transition metal oxides (TMO) show various unique properties and wide applications due to their electronic configuration and multiple possible structures. Among different TMO, titanium dioxide (TiO2), tungsten trioxide(WO3), and zinc oxide (ZnO) are most commonly oxides used as catalyst, sensors and electric devices due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Electrochemical anodization is a facile and cost-effective way to produce 1D self-assembly metal oxides,which integrates the advantage of larger surface area, short diffusion path, low quantum confinement, high charge transfer efficiency and tunable electronic structures. Post-annealing is a possible way to rearrange the disordered atomic arrangement of the anodic oxides and tune their electronic structure. In addition, the decoration of the anodic oxides with metal nanoparticles is another efficient way to modify the as-synthesized anodic oxides, which helps supress the recombination of the photogenerated charge carriers and prolong their life time. The as-prepared and modified anodic metal oxides exhibit various applications, including the photocatalyst, electrochemical catalyst and SERS substrates.The pre-treatment of the Ti substrate and electrolyte were conducted before formal anodization. Their influence on the morphology and mechanical properties of the anodic TiO2 were discussed. The results indicated that the regular TiO2 NTs with the hierarchical shape was produced on the patterned Ti substrate prepared by two-step anodization. Although the regularity of TiO2 NTs improved a lot with the increase of aging time, the pore size decreased as well as the surface homogeneity. The nanohardness and reduced modulus showed the obvious increase with the aging time and highest adhesion between TiO2 and Ti substrate was achieved by anodizing in the 25 h aging electrolyte. Anodic TiO2 initially has an amorphous structure and crystallizes into anatase after thermal annealing. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction were employed to study the dynamic phase transformation process and the effect of annealing parameters on the atomic structure. At temperatures above 330°C the crystallization process began immediately and ceased within ~500 s. The material was not fully crystallized (crystallinity only ~70 wt.%), even when the annealing time was prolonged to 7000 s at an elevated temperature. The incomplete crystallization could be ascribed to the effect of grain boundaries, oxygen vacancies, and fluorine ions. Besides the phase structure change of anodic TiO2 after annealing, the electric resistivity and wettability of the TiO2 were found to have a close relationship with the post heat treatment. The as-synthesized and annealed TiO2 were used as the electroplating substrate for fabrication Ni-TiO2 nanocomposite. The results reveal that the deposited Ni grows inside the nanotube on annealed TiO2 substrate, while it only forms a compact layer on the top of as-anodized. The resultant Ni-TiO2 nanocomposite on annealed TiO2 substrates also exhibited better oxygen evolution performance than on amorphous substrates in terms of low overpotential at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and small Tafel slope. The modification of TiO2 can also be achieved by a novel technique that combines magnetron sputtering and thermal dewetting. The obtained Cu-TiO2 nanocomposite catalyst exhibited 4-fold increase in the photodegradation rate of methylene blue aqueous solution under solar light irradiation than anatase TiO2 prepared with sameanodization conditions. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to thesynergistic effect of Schottky barrier and surface plasmon resonance.Similar to anodic TiO2, regular self-organized nanoporous WO3 was prepared through anodization in the electrolyte containing ethylene glycol, ammonium fluoride and DI water, which was subsequently used as a template for deposition of Ag nanoparticles by magnetron sputtering and thermal dewetting. The synthesized Ag-WO3 nanocomosites showed large SERS enhancement factor of ~2.1× 107 and a low detection limit of ~1× 10-6 M Rhodamine B. The visible light responding behaviour of WO3, synergistic interaction between Ag nanoparticles and the WO3 substrate, and the plasmonic behaviour of Ag collectively contribute to the enhanced Raman scattering. Although TiO2 nanotube and WO3 nanoporous structure can be successfully prepared in the ethylene glycol electrolyte containing the NH4F, it did not work for anodic ZnO. A new type of self-assembled Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructure has been prepared by electrochemical anodization of Zinc foil in NaOH aqueous electrolyte. The experimental results indicate that the primary factor affecting anodic nanostructure is the applied voltage, while anodization time and electrolyte concentration also play significant roles in tailoring nanorod morphology.

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Properties of Nano sized Transition Metal Oxides written by Ming Yin and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices written by Paul Monk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochromic materials, both organic and inorganic, have widespread applications in light-attenuation, displays and analysis. Written in an accessible manner, this book provides a comprehensive treatment of all types of electrochromic systems and their many applications. Coverage develops from electrochromic scope and history to new searching presentations of optical quantification and theoretical mechanistic models. Non-electrode electrochromism and photo-electrochromism are summarised, with updated comprehensive reviews of electrochromic oxides (tungsten-trioxide particularly), metal co-ordination complexes and metal-cyanometallates, viologens and other organics; and more recent exotics such as fullerenes, hydrides, and conjugated electroactive polymers are also covered. The book concludes by examining device construction and durability. With an extensive bibliography, recent advances in the field, modern applications and a step-by-step development from simple examples to sophisticated theories, this book is ideal for researchers in materials science, polymer science, electrical engineering, physics, chemistry, bioscience and (applied) optoelectronics.

Download or read book Metal Oxide Chemistry and Synthesis written by Jean-Pierre Jolivet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-10-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The precipitation of metal oxides from aqueous solutions creates nanoparticles with interesting solid state properties, thus building a bridge between solution chemistry and solid state chemistry. This book is the first monograph to deal with the formation of metal oxides from aqueous solutions with emphasis on the formation and physical chemistry of nanoparticles. Metal Oxide Chemistry and Synthesis: From Solution to Solid State * Provides a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis of finely divided materials * Presents the chemistry, physics and applications of these materials * Builds a bridge between classical solution chemistry and new developments in solid state chemistry * Introduces an important new area in inorganic chemistry Part I examines the mechanism of condensation of aqueous cations leading to polynuclear species or lattices, and rationalizes the behaviour of cations in precipitation phenomena by identifying pathways from soluble species to solids. The cation complex is also analysed in relation to the synthesis of some technologically interesting polymetallic oxides, e.g. ferroelectric, ferrimagnetic and supraconductor materials. Part II is devoted to the surface chemistry of oxide particles. The basic concepts relating to the reactivity of the oxide-solution interface are introduced and applied to various adsorption phenomena, such as aggregation, stability of particle size against ripening, etc. These properties are exploited for the synthesis of nanomaterials for a broad range of applictions such as ceramic powders, catalysts and nanocomposites. This will also be of interest to those wishing to understand geochemical and some biological processes. As well as being invaluable to researchers and postgraduate students of inorganic chemistry, this book will also be appreciated by solid-state chemists, materials scientists and colloid chemists with an interest in metal oxides.

Download or read book Oxide Electronics and Functional Properties of Transition Metal Oxides written by Alexander Pergament and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MOSFETs (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors) for a long time have been the workhorse of the modern electronics industry. For the purpose of a permanent integration enhancement, the size of a MOSFET has been decreasing exponentially for decades in compliance with Moore's Law, but nowadays, owing to the intrinsic restrictions, the further scaling of MOSFET devices either encounters fundamental (e.g. quantum-mechanical) limits or demands for more and more sophisticated and expensive engineering solutions. Alternative approaches and device concepts are being currently designed both in order to sustain an increase of the integration degree, and to improve the functionality and performance of electronic devices. Oxide electronics is one such promising approach which could enable and accelerate the development of information and computing technology. The behavior of d-electrons in transition metal oxides (TMOs) is responsible for the unique properties of these materials, causing strong electron-electron correlations, which play an important role in the mechanism of metal-insulator transition. The Mott transition in vanadium dioxide is specifically the effect that researchers consider as one of the most promising phenomena for oxide electronics, particularly in its special direction known as a Mott-transition field-effect transistor (MTFET).

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I written by Kamal K. Kar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delivers a comprehensive overview of the characteristics of several types of materials that are widely used in the current era of supercapacitors; namely, architectured carbon materials, transition metal oxides and conducting polymers. It provides readers with a complete introduction to the fundamentals of supercapacitors, including the development of new electrolytes and electrodes, while highlighting the advantages, challenges, applications and future of these materials. This book is part of the Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials. Supercapacitors have emerged as promising devices for electrochemical energy storage, playing an important role in energy harvesting for meeting the current demands of increasing global energy consumption. The handbook covers the materials science and engineering of nanocomposite supercapacitors, ranging from their general characteristics and performance to materials selection, design and construction. Covering both fundamentals and recent developments, this handbook serves a readership encompassing students, professionals and researchers throughout academia and industry, particularly in the fields of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, and energy storage and conversion. It is ideal as a reference work and primary resource for any introductory senior-level undergraduate or beginning graduate course covering supercapacitors.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal Oxides and Dichalcogenides and Their Application in Organic Photovoltaics written by Diego Barrera Mendez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition and Characterization of Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Ali Mahmoodinezhad and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: