Download or read book Dendritic Cells and Virus Infection written by Alexander Steinkasserer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells are vital to induce potent anti-viral immune responses. It will become clear to the reader that dendritic cells often play a dual role during viral infections. On the one hand they are able to mount potent antiviral immune responses, and on the other hand several viruses, including HIV-1, use DC as a vector to be transferred from the periphery to the lymph nodes where they infect their prime target.
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book Dendritic Cells and Virus Infection written by Alexander Steinkasserer and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of Dendritic Cells and HIV Infection written by Sandra Gessani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells play the most vital part in inducing anti-viral immune responses in HIV and AIDS among many other viruses. Research on dendritic cells (DCs) is emerging as a fundamental aspect for the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of viral diseases. This volume focuses on the role of DCs in the pathogenesis and immunity of HIV-1 infection. It is the only comprehensive volume on pathogenesis and immunity of Dendritic Cells that also focuses on HIV.
Download or read book Skin Langerhans Dendritic Cells in Virus Infections and AIDS written by Yechiel Becker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the generations the skin has been the site for immunization against smallpox. This method of immunization was described in a letter written by Lady Mary Montagu on April 1, 1717 in Adrianopole, Turkey: "The small-pox, so fatal, and so general amongst us, is here entirely harmless by the invention of ingrafting, which is the term they give it. . . The old woman comes with a nut-shell full of the matter of the best sort of small-pox . . . She immediately rips open (the skin) with a large needle . . . and puts into the vein as much venom as can lie upon the head of her needle, and after binds up the wound. There is no example of anyone that died of it; and you may believe that I am satisfied of the safety of this experiment since I intend to try it on my dear little son" (Letters from the right Honourable Lady Mary Montagu 1709-1762. Published by J. M. Dent and Co. London, 2nd edition, September, 1906, p. 124. ) The "variolation" method was, 80 years later, markedly improved by the use of cowpox virus, as reported by Edward Jenner in 1796. The successful method of intradermal immunization against smallpox and later against other virus diseases is in fact based on the presence of anitigen-presenting dendritic cells in the skin.
Download or read book HIV Interactions with Dendritic Cells written by Li Wu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given rapid research progress and advance of the techniques in studying HIV interactions with host cells and factors, there is a critical need for a book on HIV interactions with DCs. The proposed book will aim for a broad readership to facilitate HIV/AIDS research and provide a practical tool for HIV researchers to continuously address novel questions. Specifically, the editors will summarize the literature in this field and provide critical analysis and future directions. International researchers will be invited as contributors of the book, highlighting authors who have contributed significantly to the field from different angles and aspects of virology, cell biology and immunology, etc.
Download or read book The Role of Langerhans Cells and Dendritic Cells in Viral Dissemination written by Leanne Helgers and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Dendritic cells and Langerhans cells are antigen presenting cells and therefore critical in the initiation of immune responses to control viral infections. However, various viruses hijack the function of these immune cells for establishing infection and dissemination in the host, Thus, the cellular and molecular characteristics of dendritic cells and Langerhans cells are among the first determinants that control either viral restriction or dissemination. The research described in this thesis is focused on the different ways in which viruses exploit the function of dendritic cells and Langerhans cells for dissemination in a newly infected host. We have mainly focused on cell-to-cell transmission of different viruses (human immunodeficiency virus, Dengue virus, enterovirus A71) mediated by dendritic cells and Langerhans cells during early transmission, and we have identified various receptors and their cellular internalization pathways involved. Moreover, we have shown that external factors such as a dysbiotic human microbiome influences not only immune responses via dendritic cells, but also cell-to-cell transmission by Langerhans cells, thereby enhancing susceptibility to viruses. Our results demonstrate that the specific characteristics of dendritic cells and Langerhans cells impact the rate of viral dissemination and emphasize the significant contribution of cellular internalization pathways in cell-to-cell transmission. The mode of viral transmission is an important determinant in the approach of therapeutic strategies. Hence, progress in the understanding of early transmission events can provide alternative treatment approaches to interfere with this process or provide early diagnostics tools to identify populations at risk."--
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Cell Interaction written by Bhawana Singh and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-04-07 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses contemporary ideas on different molecular and immunological aspects of diseases. Different signaling mediators drive the production of messenger molecules that mediate their action, leading to the elicitation/suppression of immune responses. It provides a balanced approach to the study of different molecular phenomena that eventually drive infection outcomes and that can be manipulated for therapeutic benefits.
Download or read book Effects of Complement Opsonization of HIV on Dendritic Cells written by Rada Ellegård and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells are key players during HIV pathogenesis, and shape both the immediate immune response at the site of infection as well as directing the adaptive immune response against the virus. HIV has developed a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms that hijack dendritic cell functions, suppressing their ability to mount an accurate immune response and exploiting them for efficient viral transfer to target T cells. To achieve successful replication within dendritic cells without triggering danger signaling, HIV accomplishes a delicate balance where only a low level of transcription can be sustained without triggering antiviral responses that would harm the virus. Here, we describe how the presence of HSV2 coinfection, which is very common in geographic areas with a high HIV prevalence and almost triples the risk of HIV acquisition, alters dendritic cell state to support much higher levels of HIV infection. We found this effect to be mediated by the STING pathway, which is involved in the sensing of DNA in the cell cytosol. STING activation led to an upregulation of factors such as IRF3 and NFkB that can be used for HIV transcription and a degradation of factors that restrict HIV replication. In addition, we describe how HIV exploits the human complement system, a group of proteins that usually help the human body to identify dangerous pathogens while avoiding reaction towards self. HIV can coat itself, i.e. become opsonized, in complement fragments that are typically only present on the body’s own cells, allowing it to activate signaling pathways that are associated with tolerance. Dendritic cells that come into contact with complement opsonized HIV do not mount danger responses, despite the fact that HIV-derived single stranded RNA triggers the pathogen recognition receptor TLR8. The suppression of danger responses is mediated by activation of complement receptor 3, and leads to an increased infection of the dendritic cell and affects its interactions with other immune cells. There is a lack of recruitment of NK cells to the site of infection, and an inhibition of NK cell killing, which plays an important role in the destruction of HIV-infected cells in vivo. T cells primed by dendritic cells exposed to complement opsonized HIV have a lower ability to develop towards effector phenotype, and have an increased expression of the markers PD1, TIM3 and LAG3 which are associated with T cell dysfunction and exhaustion. In addition, T cells primed by these dendritic cells in the presence of NK cells upregulate markers CD38, CXCR3 and CCR4, which have been linked to an increased susceptibility to HIV infection. In summary, we add to the current knowledge on HIV immune evasion mechanisms that allow the virus to establish infection, as well as describing mechanisms that govern whether dendritic cells mount danger signaling and an immune response or not.
Download or read book Viruses and the Cellular Immune Response written by D. Brian Thomas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-06-23 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a comprehensive review of cell-mediated immunity to viral infection, highlighting aspects relevant to HIV research. Opening chapters discuss antigen processing and presentation, and lymphokine function. Subsequent chapters consider immune responses to individual viruses including: HIV, visn
Download or read book The Role of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Immune Responses to Influenza Virus Infection written by Amaya Iparraguirre Heydemann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dendritic Cells in Clinics written by Morikazu Onji and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Great advances have taken place in basic research and the clinical usefulness of dendritic cells (DCs). It has now been clearly established, for instance, that these cells play a crucial role in immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers. Antigen-presenting DCs are widely distributed in the body and regulate both immunity and immune tolerance. Experimental studies have provided important insights into DCs and how they can be used for treating animal models of various diseases that occur in humans. The role of these cells in pathogenesis and the treatment of human diseases is elaborately set forth in this valuable book. Researchers in the field are optimistic that DCs, already in use for treating patients with cancers, soon can be used therapeutically for patients with chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and allergic manifestations. This volume provides a working definition of DCs and also explains the phenotypes and functions of DCs so that these can be readily understood not only by clinicians but by immunologists, researchers, and students as well.
Download or read book Mathematical Immunology of Virus Infections written by Gennady Bocharov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph concisely but thoroughly introduces the reader to the field of mathematical immunology. The book covers first basic principles of formulating a mathematical model, and an outline on data-driven parameter estimation and model selection. The authors then introduce the modeling of experimental and human infections and provide the reader with helpful exercises. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and graduate students in the field of mathematical biology who wish to be concisely introduced into mathematical immunology.
Download or read book Early Host Virus Interactions and Late Dendritic Cell Immune Exhaustion in Persistent Viral Infections written by Aaron Yu-Yuan Chang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dendritic cells play a critical role in orchestrating a robust immune response against viral infections. These specialized cells are responsible for various functions including, the production of type I interferon, (IFN-I) which plays a critical role in both innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. Chronic viral infections such as HIV and HCV in humans, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice, lead to dendritic cell dysfunctions. Here, we demonstrated that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were a preferentially targeted leukocyte population early after LCMV infection in-vivo and that they represented a major leukocyte source of IFN-I. Remarkably, while conventional dendritic cell (cDC) IFN-I production was dependent on intrinsic viral replication, but uninfected pDCs produced IFN-I in a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 dependent manner. Moreover, continuous TLR stimulation was sufficient to down-regulate expression of a key pDC transcription factor, E2-2, and exhaust pDCs for IFN-I production. Treatment with a TLR-7 agonist during development caused pDC developmental and functional defects. Thus, the present study provides new insight into the mechanisms that lead to dendritic cell dysfunction during chronic viral infections and demonstrates that TLR stimulation alone is enough to cause functional defects in pDCs.
Download or read book Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology written by Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain selected contributions from the participants to the Fourth International Symposium on Dendritic cells that was held in Venice (Lido) Italy, from Oc tober 5 to 10, 1996. The symposium was attended by more than 500 scientists coming from 24 different countries. Studies on dendritic cells (DC) have been greatly hampered by the difficulties in preparing sufficient cell numbers and in a reasonable pure form. At this meeting it has been shown that large quantities of DC can be generated from precursors in both mice and humans, and this possibility has enormously encouraged studies aimed to characterize DC physiology and DC-specific genes, and to employ DC therapeutically as adjuvants for im munization. The possibility of generating large numbers of autologous DC that can be used in the manipulation of the immune response against cancer and infectious diseases has tremendously boosted dendritic cell research and the role of DC in a number of medi cal areas has been heatedly discussed.
