Download or read book Demonstration of Passive Acoustic Detection and Tracking of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles written by Kristen Elizabeth Railey and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In terms of national security, the advancement of unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) technology has transformed UUVs from tools for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance and mine countermeasures to autonomous platforms that can perform complex tasks like tracking submarines, jamming, and smart mining. Today, they play a major role in asymmetric warfare, as UUVs have attributes that are desirable for less-established navies. They are covert, easy to deploy, low-cost, and low-risk to personnel. The concern of protecting against UUVs of malicious intent is that existing defense systems fall short in detecting, tracking, and preventing the vehicles from causing harm. Addressing this gap in technology, this thesis is the first to demonstrate passively detecting and tracking UUVs in realistic environments strictly from the vehicle’s self-generated noise. This work contributes the first power spectral density estimate of an underway micro-UUV, field experiments in a pond and river detecting a UUV with energy thresholding and spectral filters, and field experiments in a pond and river tracking a UUV using conventional and adaptive beamforming. The spectral filters resulted in a probability of detection of 96% and false alarms of 18% at a distance of 100 m, with boat traffic in a river environment. Tracking the vehicle with adaptive beamforming resulted in a 6.2±5.7 ∘ absolute difference in bearing. The principal achievement of this work is to quantify how well a UUV can be covertly tracked with knowledge of its spectral features. This work can be implemented into existing passive acoustic surveillance systems and be applied to larger classes of UUVs, which potentially have louder identifying acoustic signatures.
Download or read book Advances in Passive Acoustic Detection Localization and Tracking Applied to Unmanned Underwater Vehicles written by Kristen Railey Kita and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection, classification, localization, and tracking (DCLT) of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) in the presence of shipping traffic is a critical task for passive acoustic harbor security systems. In general, vessels can be tracked by their unique acoustic signature due to machinery vibration and cavitation noise. However, cavitation noise of UUVs is considerably quieter than ships and boats, making detection significantly more challenging. In this thesis, I demonstrated that it is possible to passively track a UUV from its highfrequency motor noise using a stationary array in shallow-water experiments with passing boats. First, causes of high frequency tones were determined through direct measurements of two UUVs at a range of speeds. From this analysis, common and dominant features of noise were established: strong tones at the motor’s pulse-width modulated frequency and its harmonics. From the unique acoustic signature of the motor, I derived a high-precision, remote sensing method for estimating propeller rotation rate. In shallow-water UUV field experiments, I demonstrated that detecting a UUV from motor noise, in comparison to broadband noise from the vehicle, reduces false alarms from 45% to 8.4% for 90% true detections. Beamforming on the motor noise, in comparison to broadband noise, improved the bearing accuracy by a factor of 3.2×. Because the signal is also high-frequency, the Doppler effect on motor noise is observable and I demonstrate that range rate can be measured. Furthermore, measuring motor noise was a superior method to the “detection of envelope modulation on noise” algorithm for estimating the propeller rotation rate. Extrapolating multiple measurements from the motor signature is significant because Bearing-Doppler-RPM measurements outperform traditional bearing-Doppler target motion analysis. In the unscented Kalman filter implementation, the tracking solution accuracy for bearing, bearing rate, range, and range rate improved by a factor 2.2×, 15.8×, 3.1×, and 6.2× respectively. These findings are significant for improving UUV localization and tracking, and for informing the next-generation of quiet UUV propulsion systems.
Download or read book Autonomous Underwater Vehicles written by Jing Yan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are emerging as a promising solution to help us explore and understand the ocean. The global market for AUVs is predicted to grow from 638 million dollars in 2020 to 1,638 million dollars by 2025 – a compound annual growth rate of 20.8 percent. To make AUVs suitable for a wider range of application-specific missions, it is necessary to deploy multiple AUVs to cooperatively perform the localization, tracking and formation tasks. However, weak underwater acoustic communication and the model uncertainty of AUVs make achieving this challenging. This book presents cutting-edge results regarding localization, tracking and formation for AUVs, highlighting the latest research on commonly encountered AUV systems. It also showcases several joint localization and tracking solutions for AUVs. Lastly, it discusses future research directions and provides guidance on the design of future localization, tracking and formation schemes for AUVs. Representing a substantial contribution to nonlinear system theory, robotic control theory, and underwater acoustic communication system, this book will appeal to university researchers, scientists, engineers, and graduate students in control theory and control engineering who wish to learn about the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of AUVs. Moreover, the practical localization, tracking and formation schemes presented provide guidance on exploring the ocean. The book is intended for those with an understanding of nonlinear system theory, robotic control theory, and underwater acoustic communication systems.
Download or read book Deployment of a Passive Acoustic Detection System for Reactive Collision Avoidance in Autonomous Underwater Vehicles written by Oscar Alberto Viquez Rojas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of autonomous vehicles in air, land and water has grown in recent years, with increased attention given to heavily transited areas. For the case of autonomous underwater vehicles, these regions of interest include harbors and river basins where the risk of collision rapidly increases with the number of ships. This thesis presents a collision avoidance system based on passive acoustic sensing, which may be used to alert an AUV's autonomy software of the threat that an approaching vessel may represent in such shallow water environments. Experiments were conducted to collect and process data from static and vehicle-mounted hydrophone arrays, and preliminary measurements were post-processed using various signal smoothing and data-fitting techniques. Results were then compared with a mathematical model used to describe the expected sound propagation profile, to identify how the system was limited by disturbances in the test conditions, such as variable ship speed and bearing, with respect to the vehicle's frame of reference. The benefits and limitations of each data processing approach were identified, and are herein discussed through three separate case studies to highlight the benefit of parallel-model fitting. A Bluefin SandShark AUV was used for a series of deployments performed to test the vehicle's ability to change behaviors in response to approaching vessels that present a chance of collision, relying exclusively on this passive sensing system as the alarm trigger. During the final autonomous behavior-response experiments spanning six distinct deployments, a total of 21 successful alarm triggers were recorded in the vehicle logs, along with a cumulative 142 minutes of acoustic data.
Download or read book Evaluation of an Acoustic Detection Algorithm for Reactive Collision Avoidance in Underwater Applications written by Oscar Alberto Viquez Rojas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis sought to evaluate a vehicle detection algorithm based on a passive acoustic sensor, intended for autonomous collision avoidance in Unmanned Underwater Vehicles. By placing a hydrophone at a safe distance from a dock, it was possible to record the acoustic signature generated by a small motor boat as it navigated towards, and then away from the sensor. The time-varying sound intensity was estimated by Root Mean Square of the sound amplitude in discrete samples. The time-derivative of the sound intensity was then used to estimate the time to arrival, or collision, of the acoustic source. The algorithm was found to provide a good estimate of the time to collision, with a small standard deviation for the projected collision time, when the acoustic source was moving at approximately constant speed, providing validation of the model at the proof-of-concept level.
Download or read book Bearings only Tracking Automation for a Single Unmanned Underwater Vehicle written by Danica Lee Middlebrook and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned underwater vehicles have various missions within civilian, military and academic sectors. They have the ability to explore areas unavailable to manned assets and to perform duties that are risky to humans. In particular, UUVs have the ability to perform bearings-only tracking in shallow areas near shorelines. This thesis presents a guidance algorithm for this particular mission. This thesis first presents a Modified Polar Extended Kalman Filter for the estimation problem. Bearings-only tracking is a nonlinear problem that requires some sort of estimator to determine the target state. The guidance algorithm is developed based on the relative positions of the observer and the target. In order to develop the guidance algorithm, the effectiveness of a variety of course maneuvers are presented. The effectiveness of these maneuvers are analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The results from this analysis is incorporated into the final guidance algorithm. This thesis also evaluates the developed guidance algorithm through a series of simulation experiments. The experiments explore a variety of scenarios by varying speed, geometry and acoustic environment. The results of the experiments are analyzed based on estimation errors and detection time. The final conclusions indicate that some of the geometries are more favorable than others. In addition, the degree of noise in the acoustic environment affects the range of the UUV's sensors and the UUV's ability to perform bearings-only tracking for an extended period of time. In addition, the desired speed ratio is one in which the observer is either the same speed as or slower than the target.
Download or read book Follow the Leader Tracking by Autonomous Underwater Vehicles AUVs Using Acoustic Communications and Ranging written by Daniel P. Kucik and published by . This book was released on 2003-09-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With advances in computer and sensor technologies, autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are now capable of reaching a level of independent action once thought impossible. Through the use of cooperative behaviors it is possible to further increase their autonomy by allowing multiple operating AUVs to simultaneously coordinate their activities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the overall system. This thesis research defines the algorithms and rules needed to perform 'follow the leader' cooperative behaviors during AUV rendezvous. This is a low-level first step towards more sophisticated cooperative behaviors, such as swarming or new forms of obstacle/trap avoidance. The approach taken here differs from previous research in that it does not rely on beacons or locator sensors, but instead uses ranging and intention information shared between the vehicles using acoustic communications. Several tools and algorithms are presented to support the future development of cooperative behaviors. In particular, a previously developed 3D virtual world simulator that utilizes dynamics-based vehicle models has been enhanced to support multiple simultaneously operating vehicles. Finally, a procedural algorithm is shown to correct the relative navigation errors between two vehicles through the use of vehicle-to-vehicle communications and ranging information obtained via acoustic modems. (3 tables, 69 figures, 55 refs.)
Download or read book Technology and Applications of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles written by Gwyn Griffiths and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-28 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans are a hostile environment, and gathering information on deep-sea life and the seabed is incredibly difficult. Autonomous underwater vehicles are robot submarines that are revolutionizing the way in which researchers and industry obtain data. Advances in technology have resulted in capable vehicles that have made new discoveries on how th
Download or read book Formation Maneuvering Using Passive Acoustic Communications written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the use of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) for both commercial and military uses is growing. Control of UUVs poses a difficult problem because traditional methods of communication and navigation, i.e. radio and GPS, are not effective due to the properties of seawater. Control and communication algorithms were developed to carry out multiple UUV formation maneuvering using acoustic communications and first tested in computer simulation and then on mobile robots. Three control schemes, classic logic, behavior, and neural network were tested in line formations in both simulator and lab environments. Results and issues are discussed along with future directions.
Download or read book A Survey of Missions for Unmanned Undersea Vehicles written by Robert Button and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 2009 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Which military missions for unmanned undersea vehicles (UUVs) appear most promising to pursue in terms of military need, operational and technical risks, alternatives, and cost? To answer this question, the authors assess risks associated with using UUVs for advocated missions, identify non-UUV alternatives that may be more appropriate for such missions, and analyze potential costs associated with UUV development and use. They conclude that seven missions: mine countermeasures, deployment of leave-behind surveillance sensors or sensor arrays, near-land and harbor monitoring, oceanography, monitoring undersea infrastructure, anti-submarine warfare tracking, and inspection/identification - appear most promising. Among other recommendations, the authors suggest that the U.S. Navy consolidate its unmanned system master plans and establish relevant priorities in coordination with the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Increased emphasis on the use of surface platforms rather than submarines as host platforms is recommended.
Download or read book Autonomous Underwater Vehicles written by Frank Ehlers and published by SciTech Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-26 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a state-of-the-art overview of the hot topic of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) design and practice. It covers a wide range of AUV application areas such as education and research, biological and oceanographic studies, surveillance purposes, military and security applications and industrial underwater applications.
Download or read book Ocean observation based on underwater acoustic technology written by Xuebo Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acoustic Based Tactical Control of Underwater Vehicles written by William J. Marr and published by . This book was released on 2003-06-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in command and control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) using acoustic communications are crucial to future Fleet objectives, particularly in Very Shallow Water Mine Countermeasures (VSW MCM). Understanding of the capability to redirect missions, provide relatively high rate downloads of mission information, and perform cooperative tracking for multi-vehicle systems is cunently limited to some bounding data based on fixed node expenments while the impact of working in the environment presented by a moving vehicle is not understood. The main objectives of this dissertation were to investigate and demonstrate the capabilities of tactical acoustic control of a dynamic, operational underwater vehicle in the Very Shallow Water (VSW) ocean environment. This necessarily required studies on the limitations of Acoustic Control and relatively High Data Rate Transfer when using commercial acoustic modems in underwater vehicles, and an investigation of their acoustic transmission characteristics. Comprehensive empirical evidence through field validation with the ARIES vehicle indicated that reduced ranges were required for successful acoustic communications in a realistic very shallow water environment. Background noise, multipath reflections, and vehicle induced Doppler shifts all limit the communication link. Occasionally, configurations may be found where vehicle body shielding against multipath destructive interference can be used to advantage. A simulation was developed to demonstrate a solution for reducing the range and conducting multi-vehicle behaviors for cooperative tracking and acoustic communications data transfer.
Download or read book Undersea Vehicles and National Needs written by Committee on Undersea Vehicles and National Needs and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-03 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States faces decisions requiring information about the oceans in vastly expanded scales of time and space and from oceanic sectors not accessible with the suite of tools now used by scientists and engineers. Advances in guidance and control, communications, sensors, and other technologies for undersea vehicles can provide an opportunity to understand the oceans' influence on the energy and chemical balance that sustains humankind and to manage and deliver resources from and beneath the sea. This book assesses the state of undersea vehicle technology and opportunities for vehicle applications in science and industry. It provides guidance about vehicle subsystem development priorities and describes how national research can be focused most effectively.
Download or read book A Passive Platform for Tracking Underwater Vehicles written by Emmanuel R. Dufour and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shark Research written by Jeffrey C Carrier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the study of shark biology has benefited from the development, refinement, and rapid expansion of novel techniques and advances in technology. These have given new insight into the fields of shark genetics, feeding, foraging, bioenergetics, imaging, age and growth, movement, migration, habitat preference, and habitat use. This pioneering book, written by experts in shark biology, examines technologies such as autonomous vehicle tracking, underwater video approaches, molecular genetics techniques, and accelerometry, among many others. Each detailed chapter offers new insights and promises for future studies of elasmobranch biology, provides an overview of appropriate uses of each technique, and can be readily extended to other aquatic fish and marine mammals and reptiles. Including chapter authors who were pioneers in developing some of the technologies discussed in the book, this book serves as the first single-source reference with in-depth coverage of techniques appropriate for the laboratory and field study of sharks, skates, and rays. It concludes with a unique section on Citizen Science and its application to studies of shark biology. This is a must-read for any marine biologist or scientist working in the field of shark biology, as well as marine biology students and graduates.
Download or read book Development and Testing of Navigation Algorithms for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles written by Francesco Fanelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on pose estimation algorithms for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). After introducing readers to the state of the art, it describes a joint endeavor involving attitude and position estimation, and details the development of a nonlinear attitude observer that employs inertial and magnetic field data and is suitable for underwater use. In turn, it shows how the estimated attitude constitutes an essential type of input for UKF-based position estimators that combine position, depth, and velocity measurements. The book discusses the possibility of including real-time estimates of sea currents in the developed estimators, and highlights simulations that combine real-world navigation data and experimental test campaigns to evaluate the performance of the resulting solutions. In addition to proposing novel algorithms for estimating the attitudes and positions of AUVs using low-cost sensors and taking into account magnetic disturbances and ocean currents, the book provides readers with extensive information and a source of inspiration for the further development and testing of navigation algorithms for AUVs.
