Download or read book Defect Studies in Cu based P type Transparent Conducting Oxides written by Fnu Ameena and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among other intrinsic open-volume defects, copper vacancy (VCu) has been theoretically identified as the major acceptor in p-type Cu-based semiconducting transparent oxides, which has potential as low-cost photovoltaic absorbers in semi-transparent solar cells. A series of positron annihilation experiments with pure Cu, Cu2O, and CuO presented strong presence of VCu and its complexes in the copper oxides. The lifetime data also showed that the density of VCu was becoming higher as the oxidation state of Cu increased which was consistent with the decrease in the formation energy of VCu. Doppler broadening measurements further indicated that electrons with low momentum made more contribution to the contributed as pure Cu oxidizes to copper oxides. The metastable defects are known to be generated in Cu2O upon illumination and it has been known to affect the performance of Cu2O-based hetero-junctions used in solar cells. The metastable effect was studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and its data showed the change in the defect population upon light exposure and the minimal effect of lightinduced electron density increase in the bulk of materials to the average lifetime of the positrons. The change in the defect population is concluded to be related to the dissociation and association of VCu - VCu complexes. For example, the shorter lifetime under light was ascribed to the annihilation with smaller size vacancies, which explains the dissociation of the complexes with light illumination. Doppler broadening of the annihilation was independent of light illumination, which suggested that the chemical nature of the defects remained without change upon their dissociation and association - only the size distribution of copper vacancies varied. The delafossite metal oxides, CuMIIIO2 are emerging wide-bandgap p-type semiconductors. In this research, the formation energies of structural vacancies are calculated using Van Vechten cavity model as an attempt to study the effect of the size of the MIII cation in the delafossites starting from Cu2O. Comparison of the formation energies between Cu2O and delafossite oxides clearly showed that the equilibrium concentration of the vacancies depended strongly on the structural parameters varied by the presence of different MIII cations. In particular, the size of the MIII cation greatly influenced the defect formation energies of VCu. It was observed from our calculations, as the size increases the formation energy decreases.

Download or read book Handbook of Transparent Conductors written by David S. Ginley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-11 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent conducting materials are key elements in a wide variety of current technologies including flat panel displays, photovoltaics, organic, low-e windows and electrochromics. The needs for new and improved materials is pressing, because the existing materials do not have the performance levels to meet the ever- increasing demand, and because some of the current materials used may not be viable in the future. In addition, the field of transparent conductors has gone through dramatic changes in the last 5-7 years with new materials being identified, new applications and new people in the field. “Handbook of Transparent Conductors” presents transparent conductors in a historical perspective, provides current applications as well as insights into the future of the devices. It is a comprehensive reference, and represents the most current resource on the subject.

Download or read book Metal Oxide Defects written by Vijay Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-19 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Defects: Fundamentals, Design, Development and Applications provides a broad perspective on the development of advanced experimental techniques to study defects and their chemical activity and catalytic reactivity in various metal oxides. This book highlights advances in characterization and analytical techniques to achieve better understanding of a wide range of defects, most importantly, state-of-the-art methodologies for controlling defects. The book provides readers with pathways to apply basic principles and interpret the behavior of metal oxides. After reviewing characterization and analytical techniques, the book focuses on the relationship of defects to the properties and performance of metal oxides. Finally, there is a review of the methods to control defects and the applications of defect engineering for the design of metal oxides for applications in optoelectronics, energy, sensing, and more. This book is a key reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, and physicists. - Reviews advances in characterization and analytical techniques to understand the behavior of defects in metal oxide materials - Introduces defect engineering applied to the design of metal oxide materials with desirable properties - Discusses applications of defect engineering to enhance the performance of materials for a wide range of applications, with an emphasis on optoelectronics

Download or read book Cu based Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on the Delafossite Structure written by Robert Bruce Gall and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently Cu-based transparent conducting delafossite compounds have been found to exhibit p-type conductivity either intrinsically or through various doping schemes. The development of a single oxide compound which can be effectively doped both n- and p-type would make a number of interesting transparent devices a reality. In this work, bipolar doping schemes were investigated for polycrystalline CuGaO2 ceramics through aliovalent cation substitutions on the B-site. Dense, single-phase polycrystalline ceramics were synthesized by solid state reaction through controlling the oxygen partial pressure and quenching to room temperature. The high temperature phase equilibria as a function of oxygen partial pressure was examined through x-ray powder diffraction. These results were compared with thermodynamic calculations of the stability of phases in the Cu-Ga-O system. Electrical measurements were then performed in order verify the carrier type, carrier concentration, and conductivity. Finally, optical measurements were made to establish the optical band gap and transmission window.

Download or read book Transparent Oxide Electronics written by Pedro Barquinha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent electronics is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation of electronic products, away from the traditional silicon technology. It is essential for touch display panels, solar cells, LEDs and antistatic coatings. The book describes the concept of transparent electronics, passive and active oxide semiconductors, multicomponent dielectrics and their importance for a new era of novel electronic materials and products. This is followed by a short history of transistors, and how oxides have revolutionized this field. It concludes with a glance at low-cost, disposable and lightweight devices for the next generation of ergonomic and functional discrete devices. Chapters cover: Properties and applications of n-type oxide semiconductors P-type conductors and semiconductors, including copper oxide and tin monoxide Low-temperature processed dielectrics n and p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) – structure, physics and brief history Paper electronics – Paper transistors, paper memories and paper batteries Applications of oxide TFTs – transparent circuits, active matrices for displays and biosensors Written by a team of renowned world experts, Transparent Oxide Electronics: From Materials to Devices gives an overview of the world of transparent electronics, and showcases groundbreaking work on paper transistors

Download or read book First Principles Study on the Effects of Vacancies and Mg Doping on the Physical Properties of CuAlO2 AgAlO2 CuCrO2 and AgCrO2 Transparent Conductor Oxides written by James A. Shook and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for well understood, commercially available p-type transparent conducting oxides for incorporation into basic transparent semiconducting devices alongside their already well understood and available n-type counterparts for application in technologies such as solar cells and capacitive touchscreens motivates this first principles study on the effects of Cu and O vacancies and Mg doping on the intrinsically poor p-type character of CuAlO2, AgAlO2, CuCrO2, and AgCrO2. Density functional theory based calculations using the projector augmented-wave functions along with the generalized gradient approximation to the exchange and correlation energy as implemented by the Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package are used to study the total crystal energy of the three known polymorphs of CuAlO2 and AgAlO2 in order to determine the most stable polymorph in the ground state. Additionally, three simple magnetic configurations are considered for CuCrO2 and AgCrO2 in the context of total energy of the ground state for the purpose of choosing a specific polymorph and magnetic configuration to be the framework within which the doped and defect systems will be studied. Different functional approaches to the exchange and correlation energies are also considered in order to accurately reproduce the structural properties and the band gap. The 2H delafossite polymorph is determined to be one of the most stable polymorphs and is the focus of this work as it is the least studied of the delafossites. The simple antiferromagnetic configuration is chosen to model magnetic effects in CuCrO2 and AgCrO2 due to it having one of the lowest ground state total energies and also containing the most semiconductor like behavior of the magnetic configurations considered. A 2x2x2 supercell scheme is employed to model 6.25% Cu and Ag vacancies, 3.13% O vacancies, and 6.25% Mg-doping replacing Al and Cr, from which structural properties, electronic properties, hole effective masses, and optical properties are obtained and compared to the pristine crystal in order to offer predictions on the effectiveness of the mentioned native defects and dopant on increasing the conductivity and maintaining transparency in all transparent conducting oxides studied in this work. Comparisons between the results obtained in this work and previous experimental and other theoretical results are made, when available. Many of the properties predicted here are immediately testable via experimentation.

Download or read book Oxide Semiconductors Volume 1633 written by Steve Durbin and published by Materials Research Society. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symposium R, "Oxide Semiconductors" was held December 1-6 at the 2013 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. Oxide semiconductors are poised to take a more active role in modern electronics, particularly in the field of thin film transistors. While many advances have been made in terms of our understanding of fundamental optical and electronic characteristics, there remain many questions in terms of defects, doping, and optimal growth/synthesis conditions. This symposium proceedings volume represents recent advances in growth and characterization of a number of different oxide semiconductors, as well as device fabrication.

Download or read book Transparent Electronics written by Antonio Facchetti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenge for producing “invisible” electronic circuitry and opto-electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities. This requires a special class of materials having “contra-indicated properties” because from the band structure point of view, the combination of transparency and conductivity is contradictory. Structured to strike a balance between introductory and advanced topics, this monograph juxtaposes fundamental science and technology / application issues, and essential materials characteristics versus device architecture and practical applications. The first section is devoted to fundamental materials compositions and their properties, including transparent conducting oxides, transparent oxide semiconductors, p-type wide-band-gap semiconductors, and single-wall carbon nanotubes. The second section deals with transparent electronic devices including thin-film transistors, photovoltaic cells, integrated electronic circuits, displays, sensors, solar cells, and electro-optic devices. Describing scientific fundamentals and recent breakthroughs such as the first “invisible” transistor, Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications brings together world renowned experts from both academia, national laboratories, and industry.

Download or read book Theory of Defects in N type Transparent Conducting Oxides written by Qing Hou and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production written by Balasubramanian Viswanathan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features different approaches to non-biochemical pathways for solar fuel production. This one-of-a-kind book addresses photovoltaics, photocatalytic water splitting for clean hydrogen production and CO2 conversion to hydrocarbon fuel through in-depth comprehensive contributions from a select blend of established and experienced authors from across the world. The commercial application of solar based systems, with particular emphasis on non-PV based devices have been discussed. This book intends to serve as a primary resource for a multidisciplinary audience including chemists, engineers and scientists providing a one-stop location for all aspects related to solar fuel production. The material is divided into three sections: Solar assisted water splitting to produce hydrogen; Solar assisted CO2 utilization to produce green fuels and Solar assisted electricity generation. The content strikes a balance between theory, material synthesis and application with the central theme being solar fuels.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of P type Transparent Conducting Copper Gallium Oxide Thin Films written by Ashwin Kumar Saikumar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are a special class of materials that possess both the properties of optical transparency and electrical conductivity. They find use in various applications such as flat panel displays, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, touch screens, smart windows, etc. Some of the most well-known and widely used TCOs are ZnO doped with Al, In2O3 doped with Sn, and SnO2 doped with F. All these TCOs are n-type in nature and show n-type conductivity. On the contrary, p-type TCOs are not very common, and due to their inherent low mobility, it is very challenging to synthesize highly conductive p-type TCOs. This has, in turn, stunted the growth of transparent electronics, which requires both n-type and p-type TCOs with good conductivity. The pursuit of viable p-type TCO has led to a group of materials called as delafossites. Delafossites have the general chemical formula CuMO2, where Cu is a positive monovalent cation (Cu+), M is a trivalent cation (3+ metals like Ga, Al, Fe, In, etc.), and oxygen is a negative divalent anion (O2−). CuGaO2 has grown in popularity as one of the most researched p-type delafossites as the demand for novel p-type TCO has grown. This dissertation focuses on the deposition, synthesis, optimization, and post-deposition processing of CuGaO2 p-type TCO thin films deposited using the sputtering technique. The films were deposited using single or dual-target sputtering using either stoichiometrically mixed targets of Cu2O and Ga2O3 or by using Ga2O3 and Cu targets. The films displayed favorable tunable attributes and diverse film compositions with varying deposition parameters and post-deposition treatments. By varying the annealing ambiance, films containing CuGa2O4, a secondary phase of CuGaO2, were also synthesized and studied. The etch feasibility of any thin film is of prime importance for its use in any practical application. The etch feasibility of CuGaO2 films in various acids was also studied and reported in this dissertation.

Download or read book P type Transparent Conducting Oxides written by Renaud E. Stauber and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Complex Oxides An Introduction written by Buttrey Douglas J and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-03-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a unique look at the chemistry and properties of complex metal oxides from the perspectives of some of the most active researchers on this class of materials. Applications of complex oxide materials are highly varied. Topics reviewed in this volume include solid-state battery research, the chemistry of transparent conductors, ternary uranium oxides, magnetic perovskites, non-linear optical materials, complex molybdenum-vanadium bronzes and other complex materials used in selective oxidation catalysis. It is written to serve as an introduction to the subject for and those beginning to work on these materials, particularly new graduate students.

Download or read book Coatings to Improve Optoelectronic Devices written by Selected Articles Published by MDPI and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection is focused on coatings and films with applications in optoelectronics, such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and light-based sensors and phenomena. The studies investigate the optimal composition, crystalline structure, and morphology to deliver the different functionalities sought. Obtaining transparent p-type electrodes is challenging but extremely relevant in optoelectronics. Electric conduction mechanisms and the correlations with structure and doping are discussed. The important issue of the degradation pathways in perovskite-based solar cells and the possibilities offered by different types of coatings to encapsulate the devices as well as the beneficial effect of silica coating as an antireflection and antisoiling layer on well-established solar cells are discussed. New designs of nanoplasmonic films for chemical and biological molecule sensing are reviewed, such as the combination of metallic nanoparticles and nanostructured semiconductors and dispersing metallic or bi-metallic nanoparticles in CuO films. The impacts of structure, defects, and morphology on the photoactivated properties of WO3 films and on the shape memory behavior in Cu–Al–Ni thin films are discussed. Aggregated TiO2 nanoparticles on TiO2 layers are shown to enhance optical transmittance and confer a superhydrophilic characteristic. Finally, aspects of the fundamental characterization of thin films, Drude damping in thin films, and laser-induced deflection technique are discussed.

Download or read book Nanoscale Science and Technology written by Robert Kelsall and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is a vital new area of research and development addressing the control, modification and fabrication of materials, structures and devices with nanometre precision and the synthesis of such structures into systems of micro- and macroscopic dimensions. Future applications of nanoscale science and technology include motors smaller than the diameter of a human hair and single-celled organisms programmed to fabricate materials with nanometer precision. Miniaturisation has revolutionised the semiconductor industry by making possible inexpensive integrated electronic circuits comprised of devices and wires with sub-micrometer dimensions. These integrated circuits are now ubiquitous, controlling everything from cars to toasters. The next level of miniaturisation, beyond sub-micrometer dimensions into nanoscale dimensions (invisible to the unaided human eye) is a booming area of research and development. This is a very hot area of research with large amounts of venture capital and government funding being invested worldwide, as such Nanoscale Science and Technology has a broad appeal based upon an interdisciplinary approach, covering aspects of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and electronic engineering. Kelsall et al present a coherent approach to nanoscale sciences, which will be invaluable to graduate level students and researchers and practising engineers and product designers.

Download or read book Transparent Conducting Oxides and Applications Volume 1315 written by Joseph J. Berry and published by Materials Research Society. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-cost, high-performance transparent conducting oxides are of great interest for reduced-cost optoelectronics, while amorphous oxides of ranging conductivity have attracted attention for interface modification, transistor, and other technological applications. The basic material and physical properties are still being illuminated in these oxide systems, even as they become integral in a number of optoelectronic devices. Symposium MM, "Transparent Conducting Oxides and Applications," held during the November 29−December 3, 2010 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, discussed the basic materials issues in transparent oxide systems, such as structure, doping, carrier transport, and optical properties. These topics along with the development of solutions and other novel deposition techniques for development of these materials and process-related properties were covered. This volume includes a cross-section of the research on basic materials properties and the technological applications of these materials covered during the symposium.

Download or read book Studies on Copper Indium Based Transparent Semiconducting Oxide Thin Films written by Giji Skaria and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we investigate the realization of p-type CuInOx thin films by RF magnetron sputtering using Cu2O: In2O3 target and study the effects of (i) post-deposition annealing and (ii) substrate heating during a deposition for controlling the optoelectronic and morphological properties. In the first part of the study, post-process annealing of the deposited films was performed at temperatures ranging from 100-900°C in O2 ambiance. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis performed on the samples identified the presence of Cu2In2O5 phases along with CuInO2 or In2O3 for the films annealed above 500°C. A morphological study performed using SEM shows the crystallization and the grain growth with an increase in the annealing temperatures. Optical studies carried out on the films indicated a small bandgap change in the range of 3.4-3.6 eV during annealing.