Download or read book Debasement of the Silver Coinage Under the Emperor Nero written by Thomas Louis Comparette and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Metallurgy of Roman Silver Coinage written by Kevin Butcher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new account of the role of coinage in the finances and economy of the Roman Empire.
Download or read book American Journal of Numismatics written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Debasement written by Kevin Butcher and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debasement of coinage, particularly of silver, was a common feature of pre-modern monetary systems. Most coinages were issued by state authorities and the condition of a coinage is often seen (rightly or wrongly) as an indicator of the broader fiscal health of the state that produced it. While in some cases the motives behind the debasements or reductions in standards are clear, in many cases the intentions of the issuing authorities are uncertain. Various explanations have been advanced: fiscal motives (such as a desire to profit or a to cover a deficit caused by the failure to balance expenditure and revenues); monetary motives (such as changing demand for coined money or a desire to maintain monetary stability in the face of changing values of raw materials or labour costs); pressure from groups within society that would profit from debasement; misconduct at the mint; or the decline of existing monetary standards due to circulation and wear of the coinage in circulation. Certain explanations have tended to gain favour with monetary historians of specific periods, partly reflecting the compartmentalization of scholarship. Thus the study of Roman debasements emphasizes fiscal deficits, whereas medievalists are often more prepared to consider monetary factors as contributing to debasements. To some extent these different approaches are a reflection of discrepancies in the amount of documentary evidence available for the respective periods, but the divide also underlines fundamentally different approaches to the function of coinage: Romanists have preferred to see coins as a medium for state payments; whereas medievalists have often emphasized exchange as an important function of currency. The volume is inter-disciplinary in scope. Apart from bringing together monetary historians of different periods, it also contains contributions from archaeometallurgists who have experience with the chemical and physical composition of coins and technical aspects of production of base alloys
Download or read book The Metallurgy of Roman Silver Coinage written by Kevin Butcher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fineness of Roman imperial and provincial coinage has been regarded as an indicator of the broader fiscal health of the Roman Empire, with the apparent gradual decline of the silver content being treated as evidence for worsening deficits and the contraction of the supply of natural resources from which the coins were made. This book explores the composition of Roman silver coinage of the first century AD, re-examining traditional interpretations in the light of an entirely new programme of analyses of the coins, which illustrates the inadequacy of many earlier analytical projects. It provides new evidence for the supply of materials and refining and minting technology. It can even pinpoint likely episodes of recycling old coins and, when combined with the study of hoards, hints at possible strategies of stockpiling of metal. The creation of reserves bears directly on the question of the adequacy of revenues and fiscal health.
Download or read book Debasement written by Kevin Butcher and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debasement of coinage, particularly of silver, was a common feature of pre-modern monetary systems. Most coinages were issued by state authorities and the condition of a coinage is often seen (rightly or wrongly) as an indicator of the broader fiscal health of the state that produced it. While in some cases the motives behind the debasements or reductions in standards are clear, in many cases the intentions of the issuing authorities are uncertain. Various explanations have been advanced: fiscal motives (such as a desire to profit or a to cover a deficit caused by the failure to balance expenditure and revenues); monetary motives (such as changing demand for coined money or a desire to maintain monetary stability in the face of changing values of raw materials or labour costs); pressure from groups within society that would profit from debasement; misconduct at the mint; or the decline of existing monetary standards due to circulation and wear of the coinage in circulation. Certain explanations have tended to gain favour with monetary historians of specific periods, partly reflecting the compartmentalization of scholarship. Thus the study of Roman debasements emphasizes fiscal deficits, whereas medievalists are often more prepared to consider monetary factors as contributing to debasements. To some extent these different approaches are a reflection of discrepancies in the amount of documentary evidence available for the respective periods, but the divide also underlines fundamentally different approaches to the function of coinage: Romanists have preferred to see coins as a medium for state payments; whereas medievalists have often emphasized exchange as an important function of currency. The volume is inter-disciplinary in scope. Apart from bringing together monetary historians of different periods, it also contains contributions from archaeometallurgists who have experience with the chemical and physical composition of coins and technical aspects of production of base alloys
Download or read book The Metallurgy of Roman Silver Coinage written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The fineness of Roman imperial and provincial coinage has been regarded as an indicator of the broader fiscal health of the Roman Empire, with the apparent gradual decline of the silver content being treated as evidence for worsening deficits and the contraction of the supply of natural resources from which the coins were made. This book explores the composition of Roman silver coinage of the first century AD, re-examining traditional interpretations in the light of an entirely new programme of analyses of the coins, which illustrates the inadequacy of many earlier analytical projects. In addition, minor and trace elements, and lead isotopes, provide evidence for the supply of materials and refining and minting technology. Sometimes this allows us to determine the origin of the metal, whether freshly mined, or recycled. It can even pinpoint likely episodes of recycling old coins and, when combined with the study of hoards, hint at possible strategies of stockpiling of metal. The creation of reserves has a direct bearing on the question of the adequacy of revenues and fiscal health"--
Download or read book The Coinage of Nero written by Edward Allen Sydenham and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Metallurgy of Roman Silver Coinage written by Kevin Butcher and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The fineness of Roman imperial and provincial coinage has been regarded as an indicator of the broader fiscal health of the Roman Empire, with the apparent gradual decline of the silver content being treated as evidence for worsening deficits and the contraction of the supply of natural resources from which the coins were made. This book explores the composition of Roman silver coinage of the first century AD, re-examining traditional interpretations in the light of an entirely new programme of analyses of the coins, which illustrates the inadequacy of many earlier analytical projects. In addition, minor and trace elements, and lead isotopes, provide evidence for the supply of materials and refining and minting technology. Sometimes this allows us to determine the origin of the metal, whether freshly mined, or recycled. It can even pinpoint likely episodes of recycling old coins and, when combined with the study of hoards, hint at possible strategies of stockpiling of metal. The creation of reserves has a direct bearing on the question of the adequacy of revenues and fiscal health"--
Download or read book The Antonine Constitution written by Alex Imrie and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Antonine Constitution, Alex Imrie approaches the famous edict of AD 212 from numerous angles, offering an assessment of its rationale that is rooted in the dynamic period of the early third century. Controversial since its discovery, it is depicted here as a keystone in Caracalla’s attempt to revolutionise the public image of the Severan dynasty after murdering his brother. There is an inherent paradox between the apparently progressive nature of the edict, and the volatile emperor responsible for it. The enigma is only heightened by a dearth of ancient evidence relating to the legislation. By combining literary and material evidence with the surviving papyrological record, Alex Imrie shows that Caracalla’s rationale is best understood in an embedded context.
Download or read book Rome Is Burning written by Anthony A. Barrett and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nero became Emperor in A.D 54. On the evening of July 18, 64 A. D., it seems that a lamp was left unextinguished in a stall still heaped with piles of combustible material. Whether this was accidental or deliberate we cannot now determine, and normally it would not have led to anything that would have attracted even local attention. But there was a gusty wind that night, and the flickering flame was fanned onto the flammable wares. The ensuing fire quickly spread. Before the onlookers could absorb what was happening one of the most catastrophic disasters ever to be endured by Rome was already underway. It was a disaster that brought death and misery to thousands. In Nero and the Great Fire of Rome, Anthony Barrett draws on new textual interpretations and the latest archaeological evidence, to tell the story of this pivotal moment in Rome's history and its lasting significance. Barrett argues that the Great Fire, which destroyed much of the city, changed the course of Roman History. The fire led to the collapse of Nero's regime, and his disorderly exit brought an end to Rome's first imperial dynasty, transforming from thereto, the way that emperors were selected. It also led to the first systematic persecution of the Christians, who were blamed for the blaze. Barrett provides the first comprehensive study of this dramatic event, which remains a fascination of the public imagination, and continues to be a persistent theme in the art and literature of popular culture today"--
Download or read book Nero written by Miriam Griffin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nero's personality and crimes have always intrigued historians and writers of fiction. However, his reign also illuminates the nature of the Julio-Claudian Principate. Nero's suicide brought to an end the dynasty Augustus had founded, and placed in jeopardy the political system he had devised. Miriam T. Griffin's authoratitive survey of Nero's reign incorporates both a chronological account, as well as an analysis of the reasons for Nero's collapse under the pressure of his role as emperor.
Download or read book American Journal of Numismatics and Bulletin of the American Numismatic and Archaeological Society written by Frank Henry Norton and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 42-49 include the Proceedings of the American numismatics society, 1908-1915/16.
Download or read book The Numismatist written by and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Re evaluation of the Debasement of the Roman Silver Coinage as Presented in David Richard Walker s Metrology of the Roman Silver Coinage written by Robin Langmuir and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Richard Walker's Metrology of the Roman Silver Coinage analyzed the silver content of over 5000 Roman denarii, antoniniani, and drachmae using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. His results have been widely cited and used by scholars in the fields of Roman economic theory and numismatics. This thesis seeks to prove that Walker's XRF results were not only inaccurate, but inconsistently so. Corrosion and surface enrichment on silver-copper coins have caused surface-level elemental examinations, like XRF, to produce incorrect results. The results from Walker's XRF analysis have been compared against results from four individual wet chemical studies. The comparisons display striking, and significant, differences. I am forced to conclude that Walker's data does not in any way align with the true silver content of the coins he analyzed. As a result, this thesis will re-examine several theories and hypotheses posed by scholars who used Walker's data and propose new, more appropriate, uses for Walker and XRF analysis outside of the examination of corroded silver-copper coins.
Download or read book State and Currency in the Roman Empire to 300 A D written by Sture Bolin and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coinage in Roman Egypt written by Erik Christiansen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, Erik Christiansen uses Alexandrian coin hoards to explore the use of money in Egypt from its conquest by Augustus in 30 BC to Diocletian's currency reform in AD 296. Although these finds, with their wide array of Graeco-Roman and Alexandrian reverses, have traditionally been classified as a part of Greek coinage, he demonstrates clearly that they belong to the Roman imperial coinage. The hoards also show that Roman Egypt enjoyed a widespread monetized economy, in addition to the credit system described in extant papyri. The relative abundance of such documents provides Christiansen with a good supplemental source of information for his conclusions. And since financial administration is known to have been quite uniform throughout the empire, this book provides a useful window on not only Rome's shifting economic fortunes but also monetary policy in other provinces, which did not leave behind the rich heritage of coins and documents that Egypt did.
