Download or read book DCF Business Valuation with Imputed Interest on the Stock of Equity written by Manfred Frühwirth and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades several European countries implemented tax systems allowing for the deduction of imputed equity interest from a company's tax base. This paper integrates the tax benefits resulting from imputed interest on the stock of equity into business valuation. Three discounted cash flow valuation methods are used to this end: the equity method, the APV method and the entity method. Intertemporal differences in risk require the use of various risk-adjusted term structures of interest rates in the equity method as well as the APV method. Using the equity method we show that the well-known market-to-book ratio of the constant growth dividend discount model holds in a risk-adjusted form. When applying the APV method with imputed equity interest an adjustment is necessary for each business, also for an unlevered company, to account for the tax shield resulting from equity financing. A closed-form solution is presented for the value of this tax benefit. We furthermore derive the WACC under imputed interest on the stock of equity and the adjustment of the cost of equity which is necessary to derive the WACC as a weighted average of cost of equity and debt.

Download or read book Integrating Imputed Interest on the Stock of Equity Provisions Into Business Valuation written by Manfred Frühwirth and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Valuation DCF Model Download written by McKinsey & Company Inc. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Valuation DCF Model, 7th Edition is a vital companion to the seventh edition of Valuation, containing an expert guide and the renowned discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation model developed by McKinsey's own finance practice. The DCF Model can be used to value real companies in real-world situations, and includes detailed instruction and expert guidance on how to use it. The advantage of the ready-made model is that allows users to focus on analyzing a company's performance instead of worrying about computation errors.

Download or read book Valuation of loss carryforwards in the context of business valuation written by Ruben Kuhnle and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.3, University of Hohenheim (Institut für Financial Management), language: English, abstract: This thesis concentrates on the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis. More specifically, it is worked with the Weighted-average Cost of Capital (WACC) method, the Adjusted Present Value (APV) method, and the Flow-to-Equity method . In addition, the focus is on tax loss carryforwards and the problem of how to incorporate the valuation of them into a DCF framework. Generally, two approaches are accepted for valuing loss carryforwards. One can either indirectly or directly determine the value of loss carryforwards. The thesis starts by explaining the fundamentals of business valuation and how the three DCF methods work. After that, a literature review is presented. The purpose of the literature review is to show the strategies others have developed to value loss carryforwards correctly. To show how to incorporate the valuation of loss carryforwards into a DCF framework, an example case was designed that involves two identical companies. The WACC method, the APV method, and the Flow-to-Equity method are applied and combined with the direct, as well as, the indirect method. When the results of the direct method are compared with the results of the indirect method for each one of the three DCF methods, it is concluded which of these approaches works, and gives a correct solution, and which one does not.

Download or read book DCF Valuation and Imputed Interest on Equity Increase Implications of the Austrian Tax System in a Model with Stochastic Profitability written by Stefan Bogner and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As early as the 1980s, several European countries implemented tax systems with imputed equity interest provisions. Since its tax reform in 2000, Austria has also allowed the deduction of (fictitious) imputed equity interest from the tax base. This paper integrates the resulting equity-related tax benefits into the valuation of corporations. Using the equity method with special attention to the deductibility of imputed equity interest, we calculate the value of a business in a multi-period model. We find that a market-to-book ratio endogenous to the model results. We then demonstrate how to apply the APV method in a model with imputed equity interest. For each business - and thus also for an unlevered company - an adjustment is necessary to account for the tax shield resulting from equity financing. Therefore, an unlevered company that does not use equity tax shields has to be chosen as a common denominator in the application of the APV method, in which a closed-form solution is presented for the value of this tax benefit. Finally, we derive a weighted average cost of capital that considers the deductibility of imputed equity interest. We show that an additional term correcting for equity tax shields is necessary.

Download or read book Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation written by Pablo Fernandez and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation provides a comprehensive examination of valuation tools and guidance for analyzing and valuing a business. It covers the basics of valuation methods and shareholder value creation in addition to rigorous approaches to discounted cash flow valuation and real options for valuing a company. It highlights quantitative analyses of firm value; emphasizes qualitative management assessments; and integrates data from international companies. By examining eight different methods of discounted cash flow valuation and discussing the pros and cons of each method, the book offers thorough, accessible coverage of corporate valuation. The book provides well-structured guidance for practitioners and MBA students with a background in finance. Highlights quantitative analyses of firm value Emphasizes qualitative management assessments Integrates data from international companies

Download or read book Valuation Techniques written by David T. Larrabee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis and insights from top thought leaders on a pivotal topic in investing and asset management Valuation is the cornerstone for investment analysis, and a thorough understanding and correct application of valuation methodologies are critical for long-term investing success. Edited by two leading valuation experts from CFA Institute, this book brings together the insights and expertise of some of the most astute and successful investment minds of the past 50 years. From Benjamin Graham, the “father of value investing,” to Aswath Damodaran, you’ll learn what these investment luminaries have to say about investment valuation techniques, including earnings and cash flow analysis. Features the best thinking on valuation from the industry’s masters on the topic, supplemented with dozens of fascinating and instructive real-world examples Comprehensively discusses special valuation situations, such as real options, employee stock options, highly leveraged firms, corporate takeovers, and more Supplies you with the tools you need to successfully navigate and thrive in the ever-changing financial markets Is being produced with the full support and input of CFA Institute, the world’s leading association of investment professionals

Download or read book Valuation of high growth companies written by Thomas Prielinger and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diploma Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1, University of Vienna (Institut für Finanzwirtschaft), language: English, abstract: In my thesis I examined the applicability of traditional valuation methods to value high growth companies. Consequently I presented and discussed possible modifications to the traditional methods, whereas I demonstratively applied some of the presented concepts in the case study. Considering relative valuation, traditional multiples based on historical financial data are not very useful for valuing such companies, as historical earnings are either negative or have low informational value. In my opinion, the presented concept of forward-looking (earnings) multiples is clearly superior to the traditional approaches using historical financials and also to the proposed modifications, which mostly have to be applied using historical data. The concept of knowledge-related multiples is interesting, although it uses historical financials; it may be useful and deliver accurate results in certain cases, but not especially when valuing high growth companies. Multiples based on non-financial data may only work well if a truly comparable company could be found. However, a multiples analysis should generally not be used for standalone company valuations, but rather to complement a DCF valuation, which is regarded as the more accurate method. In the second part I examined the DCF valuation and found that the general framework works even for high growth firms; only the estimation of separate inputs requires more effort and modified estimation approaches compared to stable growth companies. The scenario-based DCF approach is considered as the appropriate method to account for high uncertainty in company valuation, as it allows examining the effect of changes in fundamental value drivers, without having to use quite intransparent mathematical models. I also presented some in depth estimation issues for three main steps of a DCF valuation, which proved beneficial for doing the case study. The case study should demonstrate the specific problems relating to the valuation of high growth companies. By trying to value “bwin”, an Austrian online gaming firm, the case study reveals the deficiencies of traditional multiples and shows how the scenario-based DCF approach can be applied. Although scenario outcomes deliver an even broader value range than the multiples analysis, they allow accounting for the specific circumstances and reveal the possible effect of changes in the key value drivers for the company. The scenario-based DCF approach thus delivers the most valuable results in my opinion.

Download or read book The free cash flow approach written by Ralph Johann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-09-09 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 1.3, California State University, Fullerton, course: Theory of Corporate Finance, language: English, abstract: This paper will deal with the procedure and implementations of firm/stock valuation using FCF approach and WACC – the weighted average cost of capital. On the road, the different approaches and methods of firm valuation, the various inputs of WACC and the final procedure finding the fair market value of the firm using Pro Forma Financial Statements, will be discussed. In this valuation method the two main parts contributing to the final value of the firm are Free Cash Flows (FCF) and the weighted average cost of capital. It is then used the time value of money concept along with some educated guesses about the long term sales growth rate and the long term WACC to apply common capital budgeting rules of project evaluation. Besides that, the paper will shortly discuss the influence of capital structure on a firm’s value. It will come out that there is a difference in value whether the company is leveraged and uses debt or not. When it comes to the different inputs of the WACC, a main focus will be on the required rate of return for shareholders. Finding the ‘right’ beta and an appropriate estimate for the market risk premium are the main issues of that part. Therefore, the CAPM model and its specific determinants will be analyzed. Thereafter, the nature of pro forma financial statements and the different parts of them will be defined. It will be described how the ‘free cash flows’ are determined and how that leads to the actual valuation procedure. Finally, the paper will focus on the terminal value as probably the most important and affecting part of the calculated firm value and its nature as a perpetuity in an investing perspective. The conclusion will finally deal with a critical assessment of the firm valuation process with the FCF method.

Download or read book The relevance of Discounted Cash Flow DCF and Economic Value Added EVA for the valuation of banks written by Dennis Schön and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2004-07-28 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2003 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1,3 (A), Northumbria University (Newcastle Business School), language: English, abstract: This study investigates the underlying theories and assumptions of two modern capital market-based valuation approaches, the Discounted-Cash-Flow (DCF) and the Economic-Value-Added (EVA) approach, which are nowadays applied principally for industrial and manufacturing firms. This general examination is then transferred into a more specific investigation exploring whether these valuation concepts can be applied to the strongly regulated and more specific field of bank valuation. A questionnaire addressing bank analysts was created to analyse this question. The project indicates that the ideas of shareholder value which have been enforced over the last decade have implemented the need for a more shareholder-focused valuation. The application of DCF is basically attributed to this movement. It is revealed that this concept uses cash flow streams which depict a more realistic picture of an organization’s true earning power. Moreover, it employs a discount rate based on the capital market and thus reflecting the yield expectations of the investors. EVA, on the other hand is a relatively new concept, copyrighted in 1994 by Stern Stewart. It highlights an organization’s true economic profits. The study examines its components NOPAT, Capital and Cost of Capital, establishes a relation to DCF, points out some general limitations due to the fact that it falls back on accounting figures and critically assesses its dependence on the CAPM whose inherent assumptions of efficient markets that are not transferable into reality, might affect the valuation. The primary research undertaken finally reveals that the concepts of DCF and EVA are basically suitable to be applied to the valuation of banks. However, there are some peculiarities, primarily due to difficulties associated with the definition and measurement of debt and reinvestments which make slight adjustments in the valuation process indispensable. Nevertheless, the end result is just as effective as in other industries.

Download or read book Equity Valuation and Analysis written by Richard G. Sloan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Business Valuation with Attention to Imputed Interest on Equity Increase a Comparison of Alternative Pricing Methods in a Model with Stochastic Profitability written by Stefan Bogner and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As early as the 1980s, several European countries implemented tax systems with imputed equity interest provisions. Since its tax reform in 2000, Austria has also allowed the deduction of (fictitious) imputed equity interest from the tax base. This paper integrates the resulting tax benefits related to equity into the valuation of corporations. Using the equity method with attention to the deductibility of imputed equity interest, the value of a business is calculated in a multi-period model. In this context, a market-to-book ratio endogenous to the model results for the equity of the valuated business. It is then demonstrated how to apply the APV method in a model with imputed equity interest. For each business - and thus also for an unlevered company - an adjustment is necessary to account for the tax shield resulting from equity financing. Therefore, an unlevered company which does not use equity tax shields has to be chosen as a common denominator in the application of the APV method, in which a closedform solution is presented for the value of this tax benefit. Intertemporal differences in risk make it necessary to use various risk-adjusted term structures of interest rates in the equity method as well as the APV method. Finally, the weighted average cost of capital in consideration of the deductibility of imputed equity interest is derived. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for all value components of a business and the weighted average cost of capital.

Download or read book Damodaran on Valuation written by Aswath Damodaran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-08 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Aswath Damodaran is simply the best valuation teacher around. If you are interested in the theory or practice of valuation, you should have Damodaran on Valuation on your bookshelf. You can bet that I do." -- Michael J. Mauboussin, Chief Investment Strategist, Legg Mason Capital Management and author of More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places In order to be a successful CEO, corporate strategist, or analyst, understanding the valuation process is a necessity. The second edition of Damodaran on Valuation stands out as the most reliable book for answering many of today?s critical valuation questions. Completely revised and updated, this edition is the ideal book on valuation for CEOs and corporate strategists. You'll gain an understanding of the vitality of today?s valuation models and develop the acumen needed for the most complex and subtle valuation scenarios you will face.

Download or read book The Dark Side of Valuation written by Aswath Damodaran and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2009-06-19 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned valuation expert Aswath Damodaran reviews the core tools of valuation, examines today’s most difficult estimation questions and issues, and then systematically addresses the valuation challenges that arise throughout a firm’s lifecycle in The Dark Side of Valuation: Valuing Young, Distressed and Complex Businesses. In this thoroughly revised edition, he broadens his perspective to consider all companies that resist easy valuation, highlighting specific types of hard-to-value firms, including commodity firms, cyclical companies, financial services firms, organizations dependent on intangible assets, and global firms operating diverse businesses. He covers the entire corporate lifecycle, from “idea” and “nascent growth” companies to those in decline and distress, and offers specific guidance for valuing technology, human capital, commodity, and cyclical firms. ·

Download or read book Narrative and Numbers written by Aswath Damodaran and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can a company that has never turned a profit have a multibillion dollar valuation? Why do some start-ups attract large investments while others do not? Aswath Damodaran, finance professor and experienced investor, argues that the power of story drives corporate value, adding substance to numbers and persuading even cautious investors to take risks. In business, there are the storytellers who spin compelling narratives and the number-crunchers who construct meaningful models and accounts. Both are essential to success, but only by combining the two, Damodaran argues, can a business deliver and sustain value. Through a range of case studies, Narrative and Numbers describes how storytellers can better incorporate and narrate numbers and how number-crunchers can calculate more imaginative models that withstand scrutiny. Damodaran considers Uber's debut and how narrative is key to understanding different valuations. He investigates why Twitter and Facebook were valued in the billions of dollars at their public offerings, and why one (Twitter) has stagnated while the other (Facebook) has grown. Damodaran also looks at more established business models such as Apple and Amazon to demonstrate how a company's history can both enrich and constrain its narrative. And through Vale, a global Brazil-based mining company, he shows the influence of external narrative, and how country, commodity, and currency can shape a company's story. Narrative and Numbers reveals the benefits, challenges, and pitfalls of weaving narratives around numbers and how one can best test a story's plausibility.

Download or read book Investment Valuation written by Aswath Damodaran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-01-31 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Valuation is a topic that is extensively covered in business degree programs throughout the country. Damodaran's revisions to "Investment Valuation" are an addition to the needs of these programs.

Download or read book Valuation Principles and Practice written by Australian Property Institute and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Valuation Principles and Practice provides an insight into current valuation practices in Australia and contains the latest technical information and computerised methods."--Publisher's website.