Download or read book Progress in Understanding of Polymer Crystallization written by Günter Reiter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of polymer crystallization there are several still open and often controversially debated questions. The present volume addresses issues such as novel general views and concepts. It presents new ideas in a connected and accessible way. The intention is thus not only to provide a summary of the present state-of-the-art to all active works but to provide an entry point to newcomer and graduate students entering the field.

Download or read book Crystallization written by Wolfgang Beckmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-14 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is a natural occurring process but also a process abundantly used in the industry. Crystallization can occur from a solution, from the melt or via deposition of material from the gas phase (desublimation). Crystals distinguish themself from liquids, gases and amorphous substances by the long-range order of its building blocks that entail the crystals to be formed of well-defined faces, and give rise to a large number of properties of the solid. Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. Crystallization is practiced on all scales: from the isolation of the first milligrams of a newly synthesized substance in the research laboratory to isolating products on the mulit-million tonne scale in industry. The book describes the breadth of crystallization operations, from isolation from a reaction broth to purification and finally to tailoring product properties. In the first section of the book, the basic mechanisms - nucleation, growth, attrition and agglomeration are introduced. It ensures an understanding of supersaturation, the driving force of crystallization. Furthermore, the solubility of the substance and its dependences on process conditions and the various techniques of crystallization and their possibilities and limitations are discussed. Last but not least, the first part includes an intensive treatment of polymorphism . The second part builds on the basics, exploring how crystallization processes can be developed, either batch-wise or continuous, from solution or from the melt. A discussion of the purification during crystallization serves as a link between the two sections, where practical aspects and an insight using theoretical concepts are combined. Mixing and its influence on the crystallization as well as the mutual interference of down-stream processes with the crystallization are also treated. Finally, techniques to characterize the crop are discussed. The third part of the book is dedicated to accounts of actual developments and of carried-out crystallizations. Typical pitfalls and strategies to avoid these as well as the design of robust processes are presented.

Download or read book Crystallization written by Wolfgang Beckmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is a natural occurring process but also a process abundantly used in the industry. Crystallization can occur from a solution, from the melt or via deposition of material from the gas phase (desublimation). Crystals distinguish themself from liquids, gases and amorphous substances by the long-range order of its building blocks that entail the crystals to be formed of well-defined faces, and give rise to a large number of properties of the solid. Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. Crystallization is practiced on all scales: from the isolation of the first milligrams of a newly synthesized substance in the research laboratory to isolating products on the mulit-million tonne scale in industry. The book describes the breadth of crystallization operations, from isolation from a reaction broth to purification and finally to tailoring product properties. In the first section of the book, the basic mechanisms - nucleation, growth, attrition and agglomeration are introduced. It ensures an understanding of supersaturation, the driving force of crystallization. Furthermore, the solubility of the substance and its dependences on process conditions and the various techniques of crystallization and their possibilities and limitations are discussed. Last but not least, the first part includes an intensive treatment of polymorphism . The second part builds on the basics, exploring how crystallization processes can be developed, either batch-wise or continuous, from solution or from the melt. A discussion of the purification during crystallization serves as a link between the two sections, where practical aspects and an insight using theoretical concepts are combined. Mixing and its influence on the crystallization as well as the mutual interference of down-stream processes with the crystallization are also treated. Finally, techniques to characterize the crop are discussed. The third part of the book is dedicated to accounts of actual developments and of carried-out crystallizations. Typical pitfalls and strategies to avoid these as well as the design of robust processes are presented.

Download or read book Crystallization written by Marcello Andreeta and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is one of the most ancient and interdisciplinary topics of research known to mankind. Crystals can be organic or inorganic and may be produced from melts, liquid solutions, vapors or even in solid state. Notwithstanding its inherently high complexity, the crystallization process is part of our everyday lives, from ice making in our homes to the most state-of-the-art chemical and electronic industry. In this book, our purpose was to present new insights to the reader, as well as crucial and very useful information for researchers working in this field, while simultaneously creating a comprehensive text about crystallization processes which may serve as a starting point for people with different backgrounds.

Download or read book Crystallization in Multiphase Polymer Systems written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization in Multiphase Polymer Systems is the first book that explains in depth the crystallization behavior of multiphase polymer systems. Polymeric structures are more complex in nature than other material structures due to their significant structural disorder. Most of the polymers used today are semicrystalline, and the subject of crystallization is still one of the major issues relating to the performance of semicrystalline polymers in the modern polymer industry. The study of the crystallization processes, crystalline morphologies and other phase transitions is of great significance for the understanding the structure-property relationships of these systems. Crystallization in block copolymers, miscible blends, immiscible blends, and polymer composites and nanocomposites is thoroughly discussed and represents the core coverage of this book. The book critically analyzes the kinetics of nucleation and growth process of the crystalline phases in multi-component polymer systems in different length scales, from macro to nanoscale. Various experimental techniques used for the characterization of polymer crystallization process are discussed. Written by experts in the field of polymer crystallization, this book is a unique source and enables professionals and students to understand crystallization behavior in multiphase polymer systems such as block copolymers, polymer blends, composites and nanocomposites. - Covers crystallization of multiphase polymer systems, including copolymers, blends and nanocomposites - Features comprehensive, detailed information about the basic research, practical applications and new developments for these polymeric materials - Analyzes the kinetics of nucleation and growth process of the crystalline phases in multi-component polymer systems in different length scales, from macro to nanoscale

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Crystallization written by Allan Myerson and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002-01-08 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is an important separation and purification process used in industries ranging from bulk commodity chemicals to specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, a number of environmental applications have also come to rely on crystallization in waste treatment and recycling processes.The authors provide an introduction to the field of newcomers and a reference to those involved in the various aspects of industrial crystallization. It is a complete volume covering all aspects of industrial crystallization, including material related to both fundamentals and applications. This new edition presents detailed material on crystallization of biomolecules, precipitation, impurity-crystal interactions, solubility, and design.Provides an ideal introduction for industrial crystallization newcomers Serves as a worthwhile reference to anyone involved in the fieldCovers all aspects of industrial crystallization in a single, complete volume

Download or read book Melt Crystallization Technology written by Tine Arkenbout-de Vroome and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Author's Preface: There is a growing demand for ultrapure organic compounds such as fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and basic materials for use in the polymer industry. . . . In quite a number of cases, it is difficult or impossible to manufacture ultrapure organics efficiently using conventional separation techniques such as distillation. Moreover, conventional techniques usually require large amounts of energy. To improve the purification efficiency of organics, special techniques based on crystallization from the melt have been developed. Melt crystallization meets industry's need for a highly selective separation process for organic compounds which operates at low enough temperatures to prevent thermal degradation. Melt crystallization processes have the added advantage that they are energy-efficient and ecologically sound. Melt crystallization techniques appear to be particularly promising for upgrading organic materials and are one of the few routes that appear to be feasible for purifying starter materials for high-tech polymers. The aim of this book is to provide basic information on melt crystallization technology. . . . This monograph consists of three parts: 1. basic principles, 2. process options, and 3. technical equipment and applicability. This new book is the first unified guide and reference to an important chemical process technology. It is comprehensive and organized for easy reference. More than 150 diagrammatic representations, flow charts and photographs illustrate equipment and processes. More than 40 tables provide useful reference data.

Download or read book Additives and Crystallization Processes written by Keshra Sangwal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal growth technology involves processes for the production of crystals essential for microelectronics, communication technologies, lasers and energy producing and energy saving technology. A deliberately added impurity is called an additive and in different industries these affect the process of crystal growth. Thus, understanding of interactions between additives and the crystallizing phases is important in different processes found in the lab, nature and in various industries. This book presents a generalized description of the mechanisms of action of additives during nucleation, growth and aggregation of crystals during crystallization and has received endorsement from the President of the International Organization for Crystal Growth. It is the first text devoted to the role of additives in different crystallization processes encountered in the lab, nature and in industries as diverse as pharmaceuticals, food and biofuels. A unique highlight of the book are chapters on the effect of additives on crystal growth processes, since the phenomena discussed is an issue of debate between researchers

Download or read book Crystallization of Lipids written by Kiyotaka Sato and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative reference that contains the most up-to-date information knowledge, approaches, and applications of lipid crystals Crystallization of Lipids is a comprehensive resource that offers the most current and emerging knowledge, techniques and applications of lipid crystals. With contributions from noted experts in the field, the text covers the basic research of polymorphic structures, molecular interactions, nucleation and crystal growth and crystal network formation of lipid crystals which comprise main functional materials employed in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The authors highlight trans-fat alternative and saturated-fat reduction technology to lipid crystallization. These two issues are the most significant challenges in the edible-application technology of lipids, and a key solution is lipid crystallization. The text focuses on the crystallization processes of lipids under various external influences of thermal fluctuation, ultrasound irradiation, shear, emulsification and additives. Designed to be practical, the book’s information can be applied to realistic applications of lipids to foods, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. This authoritative and up-to-date guide: Highlights cutting-edge research tools designed to help analyse lipid crystallization with the most current and the conventional techniques Offers a thorough review of the information, techniques and applications of lipid crystals Includes contributions from noted experts in the field of lipid crystals Presents cutting-edge information on the topics of trans-fat alterative and saturated-fat reduction technology Written for research and development technologists as well as academics, this important resource contains research on lipid crystals which comprise the main functional materials employed in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.

Download or read book Crystallization written by Pieter Honig and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Sugar Technology, Volume II: Crystallization summarizes the principles of the crystallization process applied in the sugar industry all over the world. This book describes the control systems and theories concerned with crystallization, reviewing the complicated technological process in sugar manufacture. The crystallography of sucrose in relation to the techniques, control methods, and fundamental changes and evolutions in the equipment used in factories for the crystallization process are also considered. Other topics include the developments in the technology as to crystallization by cooling, solubility of sucrose in impure solutions, and control instruments and technological and engineering developments in vacuum control and adjustment. The regulation of vapor pressures, significance of the circulation in vacuum pans, and nucleation technique are also covered in this publication. This volume is valuable to sugar technologists and individuals connected with the sugar industry.

Download or read book Crystals written by Yulia Van Doren and published by Hardie Grant Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From choosing and using to programming, charging and cleansing, Crystals is a modern guide to enhancing your life with these enchanting stones. Often referred to as ‘wisdom keepers’, crystals hold millions of years of the Earth’s history within them. Through emitting steady vibrations, they will help you to become more centered and balanced, creating spaces of Zen around you and your home. Featuring 60 of the most common and interesting crystals, this is a practical guide that will teach you about each stone’s individual properties and how to harness their powers. Discover which crystals are right for you, where best to position them, the perfect pairings and learn how to look after your crystals on a daily basis to deflect any negativity in your life. Whether you use Fluorite to increase your productivity, Smoky Quartz to detoxify or Rose Quartz to create harmony in your relationships, this practical guide will equip you with all you need to harness the power of your crystals. Disconnect with the digital world and reconnect with your spiritual self as Crystals provides a fresh take on crystal healing that helps you to enhance your inner positivity.

Download or read book Advances in Crystallization Processes written by Yitzhak Mastai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. In recent years, a number of new applications have also come to rely on crystallization processes such as the crystallization of nano and amorphous materials. The articles for this book have been contributed by the most respected researchers in this area and cover the frontier areas of research and developments in crystallization processes. Divided into five parts this book provides the latest research developments in many aspects of crystallization including: chiral crystallization, crystallization of nanomaterials and the crystallization of amorphous and glassy materials. This book is of interest to both fundamental research and also to practicing scientists and will prove invaluable to all chemical engineers and industrial chemists in the process industries as well as crystallization workers and students in industry and academia.

Download or read book Crystallization written by J W Mullin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-09 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first publication of this definitive work nearly 40 years ago, this fourth edition has been completely rewritten. Crystallization is used at some stage in nearly all process industries as a method of production, purification or recovery of solid materials. Incorporating all the recent developments and applications of crystallization technology, Crystallization gives clear accounts of the underlying principles, a review of the past and current research themes and guidelines for equipment and process design. This new edition introduces and enlarges upon such subjects as: - Control and Separation of polymorphs and chiral crystals - Micro- and macro-mixing and the use of computer fluid dynamics - Seeding and secondary nucleation in batch crystallization processes - Incorporation of upstream and downstream requirements into design procedures for crystallization plant - Computer-aided molecular design and its use in crystal habit modifier selection Crystallization provides a comprehensive overview of the subject and will prove invaluable to all chemical engineers and industrial chemists in the process industries as well as crystallization workers and students in industry and academia. Crystallization is written with the precision and clarity of style that is John Mullin's hallmark - a special feature being the large number of appendices that provide relevant physical property data. - Covers all new developments and trends in crystallization - Comprehensive coverage of subject area

Download or read book Crystallization and Solidification Properties of Lipids written by Neil Widlak and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 2001 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The crystallization and solidification properties of lipids influence their functional properties in biological systems, foods, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and oleo chemicals. To help its members and others optimize products or systems containing lipids, the American Oil Chemists Society devoted its 2000 conference, held in Toronto, to the fundamental principles of lipid crystallization. The resulting 20 papers discuss phase behavior and polymorphism, lipid crystallization kinetics, microstructure and rheology, and crystallization in emulsions. They also consider applications to dairy systems, manufacturing chocolate confection, and the texture of fats. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Download or read book Crystallization of Polymers written by Marcel Dosière and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery that polymer single crystals are composed of chain folded macromolecules in 1957, the crystallization of polymers has attracted considerable interest and still provides fascinating and fruitful areas of research. Only a few books have been fully devoted to the crystallization of polymers in the past. This book contains the proceedings of the NATO ARW devoted to the `Crystallization of Polymers' which took place in September 1992 at the University of Mons-Hainaut (Belgium). In view of the variety of papers devoted to the crystallization of polymers, this book will be used in the next few years as a reference book for scientists concerned in the field of polymer physical chemistry. Crystallization of Polymers is mainly devoted to the experimental and theoretical study of the crystallization of synthetic polymers. As a kinetic study of the growth of polymer crystals should always be preceded by a morphological or a structural investigation, the structure, the morphology of polymer crystals and more particularly the lamellar and supralamellar organizations, as well as the nature of the crystal amorphous interface are reviewed and discussed.

Download or read book Bulletin written by International Bureau of the American Republics and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Senate documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: