Download or read book Crystal Cohesion and Conformational Energies written by R.M. Metzger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of X-ray diffraction and crystal structure determination in 1912 researchers in physics and chemistry began investigating the problem of crystal co hesion, i. e. , on the question of what holds crystals together. The names of M. Born, E. Madelung, P. P. Ewald, F. Bloch, E. P. Wigner, and J. E. Mayer are, in particular, associated with the pre-1940 work on the cohesion of inorganic lattices. The advent of digital computers brought along great advances in the detailed understanding of ionic crystals, molecular crystals, and metals. The work of P. O. Lowdin and r A. I. Kitaigorodosky are seminal i these more recent advances. This volume is a collection of specialist reports on a subset of the general problem of crystal cohesion. It is intended for researchers and advanced students in solid-state chemistry and physics, and biochemistry. WILLIAMS reports on the mole cule-independent empirical parameters for dispersion and repulsion that explain, and can predict, the cohesive energy of neutral organic lattices. MOMANY applies similar procedures to the conformational energy problem and shows how they can be used for the pharmacological problems of polypeptide drug design. METZGER uses quantum-mechanical molecule-dependent atom-in-molecule charges, dipole moments, and polarizabilities to study the cohesion of organic ionic (semiconducting) and par tially ionic (metallic) lattices. SILVERMAN emphasizes, with quantum-mechanical dimer calculations, the importance of dispersive interactions for the observed stacking modes in organic metallic lattices.

Download or read book The Atom Atom Potential Method written by Alexander J. Pertsin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of physics furnishes many examples of how a simple semiem pirical method, essentially based on intuitive considerations, may prove to be much more successful than a rigorous theoretical approach. A pertinent example is the method of atom-atom potentials, which treats the intermolec ular interactions between polyatomic molecules in terms of pairwise inter actions between their constituent atoms. Despite a few conceptual short comings, the method provides a fairly reliable practical means of handling, on a microscopic level, a wide range of problems that arise in the solid-state physics and chemistry of organic compounds. This monograph is an attempt to generalize the experience gained in the past twenty years in interpreting the static and dynamic properties of organic molecular solids in terms of atom-atom potentials. It embraces nearly all aspects of the application of the method, including an evaluation of cohesive energies, equilibrium crystal structures, phonon spectra, ther modynamic functions, and crystal defects. Many related topics such as the effect of the crystal field on molecular conformation, the determination of crystal structures from raw diffraction data, and the problem of polymor phic transitions are also discussed. We believe that this book will be of use to researchers in solid-state physics, chemistry, crystallography, physical chemistry, and polymer chem istry. It also gives us an opportunity to acknowledge our indebtedness to those who sent us published as well as unpublished information and sugges tions, including A.T. Amos, E.L. Bokhenkov, H. Bonadeo, R.K. Boyd, C.P.

Download or read book Single Particle Rotations in Molecular Crystals written by W. Press and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Physical Chemist s Toolbox written by Robert M. Metzger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The working tools of the physical sciences, expertly organized into one volume Covering the basic concepts and working tools in the physical sciences, this reference is a unique, indispensable guide for students and researchers in chemistry, physics, and related disciplines. Everyone from novices to experienced researchers can turn to this book to find the essential equations, theories, and working tools needed to conduct and interpret contemporary research. Expertly organized, the book. Summarizes the core theories common to chemistry and physics Introduces topics and techniques that lay the foundations of instrumentation Discusses basic as well as advanced instrumentation and experimental methods Guides readers from crystals to nanoparticles to single molecules Readers gain access to not only the core concepts of the physical sciences, but also the underlying mathematics. Among the topics addressed are mechanics, special relativity, electricity and magnetism, quantum chemistry, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, symmetry, solid state physics, and electronics. The book also addresses energy and electrical sources, detectors, and algorithms. Moreover, it presents state-of-the-technology instrumentation and techniques needed to conduct successful experiments. Each chapter includes problems and exercises ranging from easy to difficult to help readers master core concepts and put them into practice. References lead to more specialized texts so that readers can explore individual topics in greater depth. The Physical Chemist's Toolbox is recommended not only as a general reference, but also as a textbook for two-semester graduate courses in physical and analytical chemistry.

Download or read book Crystalline Molecular Complexes and Compounds written by Frank H. Herbstein and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-11-17 with total page 1352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and unified account of the structure and properties of crystalline binary adducts. Perhaps better known as molecular complexes and compounds, these crystals are currently estimated (from molecular recognition studies) to make up one quarter of the world's crystals, providing evidence for some sort of special attraction between the two components. DNA is perhaps the most famous example but others (hydrates, solvates, host-guest inclusion complexes, donor-acceptor compounds) pervade the whole body of solid state chemistry. Although much research has been published, there has never been a comprehensive and unified treatment of the whole field. This book has been designed to fill this gap, comparing and contrasting the various examples and the different types of interaction (hydrogen bonding, inclusion and localized or delocalized charge transfer). More than 600 figures, 200 tables and 3500 references are included in the book. Since most 'parent compounds' form a number of adducts, the fraction of crystalline binary adducts is only going to grow making this account just the 'tip of the iceberg'.

Download or read book Ion Formation from Organic Solids written by A. Benninghoven and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second International Conference on Ion Formation from Organic Solids (IFOS II) was held at the University of MUnster, Federal Republic of Germa ny, from September 7 to 9, 1982. The subject of the conference was the rapid ly developing field of ion formation from ~nvolatile, thermally labile organ ic compounds. Rapid progress has been made in this field in the last few years, mainly because of the discovery of unexpected new ionization proces ses such as sputtering and laser-induced desorption. The aim of the conference was twofold: to acquire a basic understanding of these "soft" ionization processes on the one hand, and to examine their present and future analytical applications on the other. ~Je sought to bring. together scientists working in fundamental as well as applied research. The participants represented such widely varied fields as pure and applied phys ics and chemistry, biochemistry, nuclear and solid-state physics, medicine, and pharmacology. These proceedings contain all of the papers presented at the conference. Six review papers cover the fundamentals of different ionization processes. The authors of these reviews were asked to give up-to-date surveys in cluding characteristics of spectra, the influence of excitation parameters, tentative models for ion formation processes, and assessments of their ana lytical applications. These reviews are followed by 26 contributed papers dealing with more specialized aspects of the ionization processes and their analytical applications.

Download or read book Macromolecular Chemistry written by A. D. Jenkins and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 1984 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

Download or read book X Ray and Neutron Structure Analysis in Materials Science written by J. Hasek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last few decades, crystallography has become a wide and economically important field of science with many interesting applications in materials research, in different branches of physics, chemistry, geology, pharmacology, biochemistry, electronics, in many technological processes, machinery, heavy industry, etc. Twenty Nobel prizes awarded for achieve ments belonging to this· field only underline its distinction. Crystallo graphy has become a commonly used term, but - like a whale - it is much easier to recognize than to describe because of an extreme diversity of sub jects involved which range from highly sophisticated theories to the develop ment of routine technological processes or testing of materials in produc tion. It is apparent that only some aspects of selected topics could be included on a single occasion. The conference "ADVANCED METHODS IN X-RAY AND NEUTRON STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF MATERIALS" held in Karlovy Vary (Czechoslovakia) on October 5-9, 1987, was intended to cover the most important crystallographic aspects of ma terials science. The conference was attended by 250 people from 16 countries (Belgium,Bulgaria, China, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, FRG, GDR, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, USA, USSR and Yugoslavia).

Download or read book Lower Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics written by Robert M. Metzger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the written account of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Lower-Dimensional Systems and Molecular Electronics" held at Hotel Spetses, Spetses Island, Greece from 12 June to 23 June 1989. The goal of the Institute was to demonstrate the breadth of chemical and physical knowledge that has been acquired in the last 20 years in inorganic and organic crystals, polymers, and thin films, which exhibit phenomena of reduced dimensionality. The interest in these systems started in the late 1960's with lower-dimensional inorganic conductors, in the early 1970's with quasi-one-dimensional crystalline organic conductors. which by 1979 led to the first organic superconductors, and, in 1977, to the fITSt conducting polymers. The study of monolayer films (Langmuir-Blodgett films) had progressed since the 1930's, but reached a great upsurge in . the early 1980's. The pursuit of non-linear optical phenomena became increasingly popular in the early 1980's, as the attention turned from inorganic crystals to organic films and polymers. And in the last few years the term "moleculw' electronics" has gained ever-increasing acceptance, although it is used in several contexts. We now have organic superconductors with critical temperatures in excess of 10 K, conducting polymers that are soluble and processable, and used commercially; we have films of a few monolayers that have high in-plane electrical conductivity, and polymers that show great promise in photonics; we even have a few devices that function almost at the molecular level.

Download or read book Semiconductors and Semimetals written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1989-01-09 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductors and Semimetals

Download or read book Chemistry at Extreme Conditions written by M.R. Manaa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-02 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry at Extreme Conditions covers those chemical processes that occur in the pressure regime of 0.5–200 GPa and temperature range of 500–5000 K and includes such varied phenomena as comet collisions, synthesis of super-hard materials, detonation and combustion of energetic materials, and organic conversions in the interior of planets. The book provides an insight into this active and exciting field of research. Written by top researchers in the field, the book covers state of the art experimental advances in high-pressure technology, from shock physics to laser-heating techniques to study the nature of the chemical bond in transient processes. The chapters have been conventionally organised into four broad themes of applications: biological and bioinorganic systems; Experimental works on the transformations in small molecular systems; Theoretical methods and computational modeling of shock-compressed materials; and experimental and computational approaches in energetic materials research.* Extremely practical book containing up-to-date research in high-pressure science * Includes chapters on recent advances in computer modelling* Review articles can be used as reference guide

Download or read book Global Minimization of Nonconvex Energy Functions Molecular Conformation and Protein Folding written by Panos M. Pardalos and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 1996 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work contains refereed papers presented at an interdisciplinary scientific meeting attended by a mix of leading biochemists and computer scientists held at DIMACS in March 1995. It describes the development of a variety of new methods which are being developed for attacking the important problem of molecular structure. It is intended for graduate students and researchers in numerical analysis, molecular biology, biochemistry, computer science, engineering, and operations.

Download or read book Real Space Renormalization written by T.W. Burkhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The renormalization-group approach is largely responsible for the considerable success which has been achieved in the last ten years in developing a complete quantitative theory of phase transitions. Before, there was a useful physical picture of phase transitions, but a general method for making accurate quantitative predictions was lacking. Existent theories, such as the mean-field theory of Landau, sometimes reproduce phase diagrams reliably but were known to fail qualitatively near critical points, where the critical behavior is particularly interesting be cause of its universal character. In the mid 1960's Widom found that the singularities in thermodynamic quanti ties were well described by homogeneous functions. Kadanoff extended the homogeneity hypothesis to correlation functions and linked it to the idea of scale invariance. In the early 1970's Wilson showed how Kadanoff's rescaling could be explicitly carried out near the fixed point of a flow in Hamiltonian space. He made the first practical renormalization-group calculation of the flow induced by the elimination of short-wave-length Fourier components of the order-parameter field. The univer sality of the critical behavior emerges in a natural way in this approach, with a different fixed point for each universality class. The discovery by Wilson and Fisher of a systematic expansion procedure in E for a system in d = 4 - E dimen sions was followed by a cascade of calculations of critical quantities as a function of d and of the order-parameter dimensionality n.

Download or read book Superconductivity in Ternary Compounds II written by Merrill B. Maple and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Extended Linear Chain Compounds written by Joel S. Miller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linear chain substances span a large cross section of contemporary chemis try ranging from covalent polymers, organic charge transfer complexes to nonstoichiometric transition metal coordination complexes. Their common ality, which coalesced intense interest in the theoretical and experimental solid-state-physics/chemistry communities, was based on the observation that these inorganic and organic polymeric substrates exhibit striking metal-like electrical and optical properties. Exploitation and extension of these systems has led to the systematic study of both the chemistry and physics of highly and poorly conducting linear chain substances. To gain a salient understanding of these complex materials rich in anomalous anisotropic electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties, the convergence of diverse skills and talents was required. The constructive blending of traditionally segregated disciplines such as synthetic and physical organic, inorganic, and polymer chemistry, crystallography, and theoretical and experimental solid state physics has led to the timely devel opment of a truly interdisciplinary science. This is evidenced in the contri butions of this monograph series. Within the theme of Extended Linear Chain Compounds, experts in important, but varied, facets of the discipline have reflected upon the progress that has been made and have cogently summarized their field of specialty. Consequently, up-to-date reviews of numerous and varied aspects of "extended linear chain compounds" has developed. Within these volumes, numerous incisive contributions covering all aspects of the diverse linear chain substances have been summarized. I am confident that assimilation of the state-of-the-art and clairvoy ance will be rewarded with extraordinary developments in the near future.

Download or read book Molecular Collision Dynamics written by J.M. Bowman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph covers a broad spectrum of topics in the very broad field of gas phase molecular collision dynamics. The Introduction previews each of the four fol lowing topics and attempts to sew them together with a common thread. In addition, a brief review of quantum reactive scattering is given there along with some gen eral remarks which highlight the difficulties in doing quantum reactive scatter ing calculations. The chapters are all written by theoreticians who are, of course, experts in the subjects they have written about. Three chapters, the ones by Secrest, Schatz, and the one by Schinke and Bowman deal with non-reactive atom-molecule scattering. Col lectively, they describe nearly the full breadth of scattering methods in use to day, from fully quantum mechanical to semiclassical and quasiclassical. The chapter by Baer is the only one dealing with quantum reactive scattering with the additional complexity of the coupling of two potential energy surfaces. The one simplifying feature of the treatment is that the reaction is constrained to be collinear. Overall, this monograph is mainly a review of the recent advances in the field of molecular collision dynamics, with, however, a considerable amount of new material. It is hoped that workers and students in the field will find reading the mono graph both enlightening and enjoyable.

Download or read book Superconductivity in Ternary Compounds I written by O. Fischer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structural. electronic and lattice properties of superconducting ternary com pounds are the subject of this Topics volume. Its companion volume (Topics in Cur rent Physics. Volume 34) deals primarily with the mutual interaction of supercon ductivity and magnetism in ternary compounds. These two volumes are the culmination of a project. started nearly two years ago. that was inspired by the intense re search effort. both experimental and theoretical. then being expended to explore and develop an understanding of the remarkable physical properties of ternary super conductors. Research activity on this subject has increased in the meantime. The interest in ternary superconductors originated in 1972. when B.T. Matthias and his co-workers first discovered superconductivity in several ternary molybdenum sulfide compounds that had been synthesized in 1971 by R. Chevrel. M. Sergent. and J. Prigent. The superconducting critical temperature Tc of one of the compounds. PbMo S • was reported to be ~ 15 K. This value is sufficiently high that there was g 6 (and still is) reason to expect that other ternary compounds would be found with superconducting transition temperatures rivaling those of the A15 compounds. of which Nb Ge has the record high Tc of 23 K. The interest in ternary superconductors 3 received further impetus when several of the ternary molybdenum sulfides were found to have exceptionally high upper critical magnetic fields. some of them in the neighborhood of 50 Tesla or more. An immense amount of research on ternary molybdenum chalcogenides then followed.