Download or read book Crustal Structure of the Northern Mississippi Embayment and Reelfoot Rift from Seismic Refraction reflection Profiling written by William James Braile and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precambrian Rift Beneath the Mississippi Embayment written by Jie Zhang and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High resolution Shallow Seismic Reflection Surveys of the Northwest Reelfoot Rift Boundary Near Marston Missouri written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A SEISMOLOGIC STUDY OF THE NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI EMBAYMENT written by Yang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 1: Crustal structure in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) is investigated through a detailed study of explosion data obtained from the Embayment Seismic Excitation Experiment. The data show a distinct anisotropy in distance attenuation for both P and S waves in the range from 0 to 200km distance. Waves that propagate northward from the 1,134kg Marked Tree, Arkansas, explosion attenuate quickly with distance until a range of about 100km from the source where high-amplitude, high-phase velocity critical reflections from the boundary between the middle crust and rift pillow structure produce high amplitude waves. Propagation southward from the 2,268kg Mooring, Tennessee blast shows less distance attenuation compared to northward propagation. Reflections from the middle crust-lower crust boundary occur but do not significantly increase in amplitude with distance and travel with slower apparent phase velocity than observed for the northward propagation data set. A smooth velocity model is developed using a stabilized Weichert-Herglotz travel time inversion using first arrival travel times. Then an inversion using the travel time of both direct and middle crustal reflected waves is developed to obtain a 2D inhomogeneous-layered isotropic crustal model. The result reveals that there is a significant southwest dip to the top of the middle crust interface in the vicinity of the NMSZ, consistent with previously inferred changes in the thickness of the rift pillow model. This 2D feature characterizes the local wave propagation along the Reelfoot Rift and demonstrates the need for an improvement of the current Central United States velocity model.Part 2: Obtaining reliable empirical Greens functions (EGFs) from ambient noise by seismic interferometry requires homogenously distributed noise sources. However, it is difficult to attain this condition since ambient noise data usually contains highly correlated signals from earthquakes or other transient sources from human activities. Removing these transient signals is one of the most essential steps in the whole data processing flow to obtain EGFs. We propose to use a denoising method based on the continuous wavelet transform to achieve this goal. The noise level is estimated in the wavelet domain for each scale by determing the 99% confidence level of the empirical probability density function of the noise wavelet coefficients. The correlated signals are then removed by an efficient soft thresholding method. The same denoising algorithm is also applied to remove the noise in the final stacked cross-correlogram. A complete data processing workflow is provided with the overall data processing procedure divided into four stages: (1) single station data preparation, (2) removal of earthquakes and other transient signals in the seismic record, (3) spectrum whitening, cross-correlation and temporal stacking, and (4) remove the noise in the stacked cross-correlogram to deliver the final EGF. The whole process is automated to make it accessible for large datasets. Synthetic data constructed with a recorded earthquake and recorded ambient noise is used to test the denoising method. We then apply the new processing workflow to data recorded by the USArray Transportable Array stations near the New Madrid Seismic Zone where many seismic events and transient signals are observed. We compare the EGFs calculated from our workflow with commonly used time domain normalization method and our results show improved signal-to-noise ratios. The new workflow can deliever reliable EGFs for further studies.Part 3: We incorporate seismic ambient noise data recorded by different temporary and permanent broadband stations around the northern Mississippi Embayment from 1990 to 2018 to develop a crustal shear wave velocity (Vs) model for this area with full waveform ambient noise tomography. Empirical Greens functions at periods between 8 and 40s for all the possible pairs of stations are extracted by using a new seismic ambient noise data processing flow based on the continuous wavelet transform. Synthetic waveforms are then calculated through a heterogeneous Earth model using a GPU-enabled collocated finite-difference code. The cross-correlation time shifts between the synthetic waveforms and the extracted empirical Greens functions are used to construct the velocity updated kernel by using the adjoint method. Starting from the Central United States Velocity Model, the shear wave velocity model is then iteratively updated with the Vs kernel calculated in each iteration. Checkerboard tests show that perturbations in the top 30km of the crust are well recovered but amplitude recovery ability gradually decreases for deeper structure. We find that velocity lows characterize the Reelfoot Rift Graben and Rough Creek Graben separated by a high velocity crust. High velocity anomalies are observed under the Ozark Uplift and Paducah Gravity Lineament. A low velocity area previously interpreted as the Missouri Batholith is observed between them. A massive high velocity body in the southeast Mississippi Embayment is observed and is explained by the faulting as well as partly mafic intrusion. The Ouachita-Appalachian Thrust Front is clearly observed with a thinner crustal layer underneath. The rift pillow is well observed in the final tomography model along the Reelfoot Rift in the lower crust. The final inverted velocity model is consistent with local geological features and can be used for other seismological studies such as earthquake source determination and earthquake hazard assessment..
Download or read book Axial Structures Within the Reelfoot Rift Delineated with Magnetotelluric Surveys written by Brian D. Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geophysical Setting of the Reelfoot Rift and Relations Between Rift Structures and the New Madrid Seismic Zone written by T. G. Hildenbrand and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Location And Characteristic Features of the Quaternary Deformation in the Mississippi Embayment from High resolution Seismic Reflection Data written by Lei Guo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), central US. is a controversial midcontinental region where the occurrence of large magnitude historical and prehistorical earthquakes and the high level of instrumental seismicity, clash with the lack of evident surface and subsurface deformation and with slow geodetic rates. To unravel this apparent paradox locally and to contribute to the understanding of intraplate seismicity globally, I integrate new high-resolution seismic reflection data acquired as part of the Mississippi River Project, data acquired for the Meeman-Shelby Fault study, and existing seismic reflection data, to investigate the long-term deformation in the northern Mississippi Embayment. In particular this study focuses on the identification and characterization of the structures where Quaternary deformation is accommodated in the northern Mississippi Embayment, on the comparison of the newly discovered structures with those that are seismically active today, and on the analysis of the distribution of the Quaternary deformation with respect to the NMSZ. The results show that Quaternary deformation has been accommodated along adjacent faults additional to the NMSZ fault system, and that the NMSZ faults are virtually undistinguishable from quiescent faults, except for the instrumental seismicity. The distribution of Quaternary deformation extends beyond the footprint of the high-velocity lower crustal layer (i.e. & ldquo;mafic rift pillow & rdquo;), invoked by several geodynamic models as the possible feature capable of concentrating stress in this region and responsible for the seismicity in the central US. The long-term Quaternary deformation appears to be accommodated along pre-existing features predominantly associated with the Reelfoot Rift structure.
Download or read book Seismic reflection profiles in the northern Mississippi Embayment written by Robert Morrison Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of the Cottonwood Grove and Ridgely Faults Near Reelfoot Lake Tennessee from High resolution Seismic Reflection Data written by William J. Stephenson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Crustal Structure Study of the North Mississippi Embayment written by C. B. Austin and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geophysical Framework of the Continental United States written by Louis Charles Pakiser and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 1989 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review and evaluation of our knowledge of the structure of the crust and upper mantle of the continental United States, exclusive of Alaska, as determined from geophysical observations. Covers geophysical methods of studying the crust and upper mantle; a region-by-region review of crustal and upper-mantle structure; continental overviews based on the different geophysical methods; and geologic and petrologic syntheses based largely on the geophysical results.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on the New Madrid Seismic Zone written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Geological Survey Professional Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shallow Deformation Along the Crittenden County Fault Zone Near the Southeastern Margin of the Reelfoot Rift Northeastern Arkansas written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts Literature and Patents written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cross Section written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Crustal Structure Study of the Northern Mississippi Embayment written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
