Download or read book Corrosion and Tribo corrosion Behaviour of Metallic Orthopaedic Implant Materials written by Yu Yan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion and Trib corrosion Behaviour of Metallic Orthopaedic Implant Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the introduction of medical implants into human bodies, corrosion and wear have been regarded as key issues for their long-term durability. There has been a recent renewed interest in the use of large diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) hips, primarily because of the reduced volumetric wear compared with the wellestablished polyethylene-on-metal joints. Long term durability of MoM joints relies on control of both their corrosion resistance (relating to ion release) and wear behaviour (relating to creation of nanometre-scale wear debris). Concerns about the potential risk of released metal ions to the biological environment (patient) are of great importance. In this respect tribocorrosion is a serious consideration in joint performance. An integrated electrochemical cell on a reciprocating tribo-meter was employed to evaluate the corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour in a protein rich solution (Bovine Serum), a cell culture solution (DMEM) and a saline solution (NaCI) with the attempt to isolate the organic species effects. Three commonly used orthopaedic materials were involved in this study. A High Carbon Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy, a Low Carbon Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum and UNS S31603 Stainless Steel (316L). A range of electrochemical methods were used in the assessment of materials under biotribocorrosion systems and results were supported by surface analysis and bulk solution analysis techniques. The material degradation rate is strongly dependent upon the charge transfer (corrosion), the mechanical damage (tribology) and also their interactions (tribocorrosion) in these simulated biological environments.

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by R.J.K. Wood and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tribological performance of implant materials within the body where the pH can vary between 7.4 and 4.0, depending on whether the joint is infected or not, is extremely harsh and varies significantly from that experienced in other engineering environments. Three wear mechanisms that affect biomedical and, in particular, orthopaedic implants are regularly reported. These are adhesion, abrasion and fatigue. The wear mechanisms in biomedical implants, particularly hip joints, are reported to be a function of the following variables: type of materials used, contact stresses, lubricants and clearance, surface hardness and roughness, type of articulation due to motion, number of cycles, solution particle count and distribution, and tribocorrosion.

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by Y. Yan and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total joint replacement (TJR), or joint arthroplasty, is a widely used surgical procedure in which the entire joint is removed and replaced with a prosthetic joint. The most common types of TJR are total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR). The improvement and development of safer, longer lasting and better functioning implants are essential. Recent reports of potential problems caused by ion release in metal-on-metal (MoM) TJRs resulting in the formation of pseudo-tumours therefore need to be properly investigated. This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of TJR, followed by a review of the issues and the science around ion release. The potential corrosion issues and bio-tribocorrosion processes which prevail in TJRs, including orthopaedic implant materials, load-bearing joint replacement materials tribocorrosion, and protein adsorption, are also discussed.

Download or read book Tribocorrosion Behavior of Metallic Implants written by Edward Cudjoe and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total joint replacements (TJR's) are used to replace deteriorating hip joints, knees, shoulders, wrists and fingers for millions of people in modern-day medicine. They are treatments used for patients with severe cases of arthritis or rheumatism which are mostly common in old-aged people. There was a reported 1.2 million total joint replacement surgeries, primary and revised, across the United States between the years 2012 and 2017. Recent research has pointed out the primary concern with TJR's is the loosening of the prosthetic which further causes destruction of the bone tissue following wear corrosion and failure of the implant. In addition, there were a total of 350 000 total hip replacement surgeries in the U.S between the years 2012 and 2017. The most common type of hip replacements is metal on metal hip replacements. They are preferred because of the less total loss of material being removed from the ball and socket during articulation, low chance of dislocation and reduced chance of fracture. The most common types of metals used in Metal on Metal hip replacements are Cobalt Chromate alloys and Titanium alloys. Cobalt Chromate alloys were studied by Haynes in 1900s who showed that the basic binary Cobalt Chromate alloy exhibited high strength and low chemical reactivity. Generally, these alloys have high-wear resistance, high strength, and modulus of elasticity and high corrosion resistance which makes them useful for orthopedic implants. Titanium on the other hand is useful for orthopedic implants because of its inertness in a biochemical environment with mechanical strengths. In this thesis, modular Cobalt Chromate (Co-Cr-Mo) and Titanium (Ti6Al4V) alloys were subjected to continuous fatigue contact in a corrosive biochemical environment. The change in the passive layers of these alloys were observed by electrochemical characterizations during small displacement mechanical loading in different pH environments. Namely, Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) with a pH of 7.4, Sodium lactate solution which pH of 4 and 2. To further understand chemo-mechanical synergism, and damage recovery behaviors of two different oxides, a Nano-scratch based experiment was carried out in a tribochemical cell. Cyclic reciprocating motions with an alumina sphere was applied with controlled normal load in the solutions. The open circuit potential and potentiostatic polarization were used to measure the 2 polarization resistance and potential. Changes of electrochemical responses were monitored using the Gamry Potentiometer to quantitatively compare alterations of wear track area, roughness, and oxide thickness on both implant materials during mechanical wear. After thorough investigation, it can be deduced that the formation of oxide layer in the Titanium alloys occurs during fretting, after fretting and in some instances before fretting. CoCrMo however does not re-passivate during fretting but does recover its oxide layer after.

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by J.J. Ryu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter discusses synergistic damage mechanisms of modular implants due to mechanical stimulus and electrochemical dissolution. The influences of contact loads, plastic deformation, residual stresses, and environmental conditions are focused to illustrate mechanisms of damage and dissolution. Fretting corrosion is the most prevalent phenomenon that degrades the mechanical and chemical properties of implant materials. It has been explained as an alternating process of fracture and unstable growth of metal oxide film during fatigue contact motion in the corrosive environment. Stress-dependent electrochemical dissolution has also been identified as one of the key mechanisms governing surface degradation in fatigue contact and crevice corrosion of biomedical implants. This damage mechanism incorporates contact-induced residual stress development and stress-assisted dissolution. Understanding of the corrosion damage mechanism of metallic implants is very important in predicting the useful life of implants and optimizing the design of orthopedic implants.

Download or read book Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials written by B. C. Syrett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1979 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by S. Affatato and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wear can be defined as a process where interaction between two surfaces or bounding faces of solids within the working environment results in dimensional loss of one solid, with or without any actual decoupling and loss of material. Wear may accelerate corrosion that involves chemical or electrochemical reactions between materials. Both these phenomena fall under the broader category of tribocorrosion. The interactions of mechanical loading and chemical/electrochemical reactions that occur between the elements of a tribological system exposed to biological environments constitute bio-tribocorrosion science.

Download or read book Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials written by A. C. Fraker and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1985 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bio Tribocorrosion in Biomaterials and Medical Implants written by Yu Yan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During their service life, most biomaterials and medical implants are vulnerable to tribological damage. In addition, the environments in which they are placed are often corrosive. The combination of triobology, corrosion and the biological environment has been named ‘bio-tribocorrosion’. Understanding this complex phenomenon is critical to improving the design and service life of medical implants. This important book reviews recent key research in this area. After an introduction to the topography of bio-tribocorrosion, Part one discusses different types of tribocorrosion including fatigue-corrosion, fretting-corrosion, wear-corrosion and abrasion-corrosion. The book also discusses the prediction of wear in medical devices. Part two looks at biological effects on tribocorrosion processes, including how proteins interact with material surfaces and the evolution of surface changes due to bio-tribocorrosion resulting from biofilms and passive films. Part three reviews the issue of bio-tribocorrosion in clinical practice, including dental applications and joint replacement as well the use of coatings and test methods for bio-tribocorrosion. With its international team of contributors, Bio-tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants is a standard reference for those researching and developing medical devices as well as clinicians in such areas as dentistry and orthopaedic surgery. Reviews recent research in bio-tribocorrosion and its role in improving the design and service life of medical implants Discusses types of bio-tribocorrosion including fatigue and wear corrosion Examines biological effects on bio-tribocorrosion processes including interaction of proteins with metal surfaces

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by J. Geringer and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two materials (one being metal) under slight relative motion in a liquid medium are subjected to fretting corrosion. This chapter is dedicated to studying fretting corrosion of implants. After describing the most significant implants subjected to fretting, fretting corrosion is defined. Fretting corrosion is a particular degradation mechanism; it highlights the key role of passive film, crevice corrosion, etc. For demonstrating the electrochemical effect of the fretting corrosion of metal, some investigations are presented at free corrosion potential and at applied potential to measure the specific current density. Moreover, the role of proteins is investigated because they constitute the biological environment and thus play a significant role in fretting corrosion processes. Finally, results from atomic force microscopy (AFM) show the particular debris, size about 100nm. The problem of debris influence is discussed.

Download or read book Tribocorrosion Behavior of Metallic Implants written by Mihir V. Patel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prosthetic implants have helped to restore mobility and increase the function of diseased joints. The modular design of joint replacement is most widely used due to the ease of anatomic customization. Modular interface such as the stem-head interface of total hip replacements is continuously subjected to wear and corrosion. CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V ELI are the most widely used metals in Total Hip Joint Replacement implant devices because of their long life, high mechanical strength, and electrochemical stability. Tribocorrosion behavior study of both metals is essential to predict the actual performance of these metals in implant and to judge which metal is better over others. The scratch test and electrochemistry of corrosion is performed on both metals to see wear behavior at varying Normal load. Three different loads were used on both metals to get a broader view. Open Circuit Potential (OCP) and Potentiostatic Polarization Resistance were measured to analyze corrosion behavior of metal along with mechanical wear by scratching the flat surface with the micromotion of the spherical ball. Potentiodynamic Polarization Resistance (PPR) were measured for corrosion behavior during an ideal condition when there is no mechanical wear. OCP measurement revealed that Ti6Al4V ELI exhibits depassivation for first few cycles of scratch but started repassivation soon with periodic depassivation. While on CoCrMo depassivation was more than repassivation resulting in continuous small drops during fretting. Ti6Al4V ELI showed better corrosion resistance at all loads during fretting. After fretting was ceased, repassivation was faster in CoCrMo than Ti6Al4V ELI. The coefficient of friction (COF) measurement during scratching is beneficial for predicting the material removal and wear debris arrest between contacting surface. PPR measurement yielded a wider range of passive zone for Ti6Al4V ELI when swept through negative to positive voltage. Potentiostatic Polarization at three different voltage resulted in an increase in current density from baseline only in CoCrMo along with scratch at three loads. Ti6Al4V ELI was passive at all three voltage and all three loads. CoCrMo showed a higher change in current density at a higher voltage and load.

Download or read book Investigation Into Wear Induced Corrosion of Orthopaedic Implant Materials written by M. Windler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to compare the corrosion behaviour under sliding wear of four materials commonly used for surgical implants: Ti-6Al-7Nb, Co-28Cr-6Mo, and two stainless steels, high-nitrogen stainless steel (Fe22Cr10NiN) and AISI 316L. A machine was constructed to simulate sliding wear, and the current density was measured to compare the response of each material to wear and to study the effect of pH (varied from 1 to 6). The results indicate that titanium exhibits higher current densities during wear than other materials tested over the pH range of 2.5 to 6. Additionally, pH has a greater effect on the corrosion behaviour of the two stainless steels than on the titanium or cobalt alloys.

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by M.T. Mathew and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last few years, tribocorrosion evaluation of artificial joints has become an attractive research area for biomedical scientists and medical professionals. This particular field of study deals with a complex artificial human joint system and many unknown parameters. In this chapter an attempt is made through the perspective of a clinician to bring some insights into this area of research. This chapter addresses the basic tribocorrosion aspects of artificial joints and their clinical implications, beginning with clinical problems, cell responses to the presence of metal particles and ions, and evidence of tribocorrosion from retrieved implants. Then comparisons are made between in vivo and in vitro test conditions, and the complex nature of in vivo joint conditions is discussed. Finally, novel case studies (influence of protein and environment, evidence of synergistic interactions between corrosion and wear) on the research of tribocorrosion of metal-on-metal (MoM) hip joints are also included.

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by Y. Takakubo and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total joint replacement (TJR) is one of the success stories of modern medicine, which has reliably provided dramatic pain relief and improved the quality of life for several million patients with a destructive end-stage joint disease. However, the main long-term complication of TJR surgery is prosthetic loosening, often combined with osteolysis following wear, corrosion and failure of the implant. Over the past decade, the biological interactions between various types of wear particles and metal ions from metal-on-polyethylene (MoPE), metal-on-metal (MoM) and ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) implants, endogenous danger signals (alarmins) and/or bacterial components of the microbiome with the innate and adaptive host defence (immune) system, have become better known. In this chapter, we discuss the role of biomaterials and implant-derived wear and corrosion debris in loosening of TJRs, with particular emphasis on MoM total hip replacements (THR) and hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA).

Download or read book Failure Analysis of Biometals written by Reza H Oskouei and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metallic biomaterials (biometals) are widely used for the manufacture of medical implants, ranging from load-bearing orthopaedic prostheses to dental and cardiovascular implants, because of their favourable combination of properties, including high strength, fracture toughness, biocompatibility, and wear and corrosion resistance. Owing to the significant consequences of implant material failure/degradation, in terms of both personal and financial burden, failure analysis of biometals has always been of paramount importance in order to understand the failure mechanisms and implement suitable solutions with the aim to improve the longevity of implants in the body. Failure Analysis of Biometals presents some of the latest developments and findings in this area. This includes a great range of common metallic biomaterials (Ti alloys, CoCrMo alloys, Mg alloys, and NiTi alloys) and their associated failure mechanisms (corrosion, fatigue, fracture, and fretting wear) that commonly occur in medical implants and surgical instruments.

Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by L.A. Rocha and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the oral cavity, materials (including our natural teeth) are exposed to a complex environment, which results in simultaneous mechanical, electrochemical, and microbiological solicitations. Therefore, bio-tribocorrosion is an important cause of degradation of dental materials leading to functional and/or biological detrimental effects due to an increased release of metallic ions and wear debris. This chapter describes the main bio-tribocorrosion phenomena that occur in the oral environment, and discuss the main parameters related to both the materials and the environment affecting bio-tribocorrosion in dental applications.