Download or read book Corrosion and Trib corrosion Behaviour of Metallic Orthopaedic Implant Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the introduction of medical implants into human bodies, corrosion and wear have been regarded as key issues for their long-term durability. There has been a recent renewed interest in the use of large diameter metal-on-metal (MoM) hips, primarily because of the reduced volumetric wear compared with the wellestablished polyethylene-on-metal joints. Long term durability of MoM joints relies on control of both their corrosion resistance (relating to ion release) and wear behaviour (relating to creation of nanometre-scale wear debris). Concerns about the potential risk of released metal ions to the biological environment (patient) are of great importance. In this respect tribocorrosion is a serious consideration in joint performance. An integrated electrochemical cell on a reciprocating tribo-meter was employed to evaluate the corrosion and tribocorrosion behaviour in a protein rich solution (Bovine Serum), a cell culture solution (DMEM) and a saline solution (NaCI) with the attempt to isolate the organic species effects. Three commonly used orthopaedic materials were involved in this study. A High Carbon Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum alloy, a Low Carbon Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum and UNS S31603 Stainless Steel (316L). A range of electrochemical methods were used in the assessment of materials under biotribocorrosion systems and results were supported by surface analysis and bulk solution analysis techniques. The material degradation rate is strongly dependent upon the charge transfer (corrosion), the mechanical damage (tribology) and also their interactions (tribocorrosion) in these simulated biological environments.
Download or read book Corrosion and Tribo corrosion Behaviour of Metallic Orthopaedic Implant Materials written by Yu Yan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials written by B. C. Syrett and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1979 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion and Degradation of Implant Materials written by A. C. Fraker and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1985 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation Into Wear Induced Corrosion of Orthopaedic Implant Materials written by M. Windler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to compare the corrosion behaviour under sliding wear of four materials commonly used for surgical implants: Ti-6Al-7Nb, Co-28Cr-6Mo, and two stainless steels, high-nitrogen stainless steel (Fe22Cr10NiN) and AISI 316L. A machine was constructed to simulate sliding wear, and the current density was measured to compare the response of each material to wear and to study the effect of pH (varied from 1 to 6). The results indicate that titanium exhibits higher current densities during wear than other materials tested over the pH range of 2.5 to 6. Additionally, pH has a greater effect on the corrosion behaviour of the two stainless steels than on the titanium or cobalt alloys.
Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by R.J.K. Wood and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tribological performance of implant materials within the body where the pH can vary between 7.4 and 4.0, depending on whether the joint is infected or not, is extremely harsh and varies significantly from that experienced in other engineering environments. Three wear mechanisms that affect biomedical and, in particular, orthopaedic implants are regularly reported. These are adhesion, abrasion and fatigue. The wear mechanisms in biomedical implants, particularly hip joints, are reported to be a function of the following variables: type of materials used, contact stresses, lubricants and clearance, surface hardness and roughness, type of articulation due to motion, number of cycles, solution particle count and distribution, and tribocorrosion.
Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by Y. Yan and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total joint replacement (TJR), or joint arthroplasty, is a widely used surgical procedure in which the entire joint is removed and replaced with a prosthetic joint. The most common types of TJR are total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR). The improvement and development of safer, longer lasting and better functioning implants are essential. Recent reports of potential problems caused by ion release in metal-on-metal (MoM) TJRs resulting in the formation of pseudo-tumours therefore need to be properly investigated. This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of TJR, followed by a review of the issues and the science around ion release. The potential corrosion issues and bio-tribocorrosion processes which prevail in TJRs, including orthopaedic implant materials, load-bearing joint replacement materials tribocorrosion, and protein adsorption, are also discussed.
Download or read book Failure Analysis of Biometals written by Reza H Oskouei and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metallic biomaterials (biometals) are widely used for the manufacture of medical implants, ranging from load-bearing orthopaedic prostheses to dental and cardiovascular implants, because of their favourable combination of properties, including high strength, fracture toughness, biocompatibility, and wear and corrosion resistance. Owing to the significant consequences of implant material failure/degradation, in terms of both personal and financial burden, failure analysis of biometals has always been of paramount importance in order to understand the failure mechanisms and implement suitable solutions with the aim to improve the longevity of implants in the body. Failure Analysis of Biometals presents some of the latest developments and findings in this area. This includes a great range of common metallic biomaterials (Ti alloys, CoCrMo alloys, Mg alloys, and NiTi alloys) and their associated failure mechanisms (corrosion, fatigue, fracture, and fretting wear) that commonly occur in medical implants and surgical instruments.
Download or read book Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Metallic Implant Materials written by Enxi Sun and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Behaviour of Surgical Implant Materials Ii Effects of Surface Preparation written by R. W. REVIE and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Behaviour of Surgical Implant Materials I Effects of Sterilization written by R. W. REVIE and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Study of Some of the Environmental Factors Affecting the Corrosion and Failure of Metallic Orthopaedic Implant Materials written by Gabriel Idowu Ogundele and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Behavior of Surgical Implant Materials written by Robert L. Sutherby and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals and Engineering in Bone and Joint Surgery written by Charles Orville Bechtol and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tribocorrosion Behavior of Metallic Implants written by Edward Cudjoe and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total joint replacements (TJR's) are used to replace deteriorating hip joints, knees, shoulders, wrists and fingers for millions of people in modern-day medicine. They are treatments used for patients with severe cases of arthritis or rheumatism which are mostly common in old-aged people. There was a reported 1.2 million total joint replacement surgeries, primary and revised, across the United States between the years 2012 and 2017. Recent research has pointed out the primary concern with TJR's is the loosening of the prosthetic which further causes destruction of the bone tissue following wear corrosion and failure of the implant. In addition, there were a total of 350 000 total hip replacement surgeries in the U.S between the years 2012 and 2017. The most common type of hip replacements is metal on metal hip replacements. They are preferred because of the less total loss of material being removed from the ball and socket during articulation, low chance of dislocation and reduced chance of fracture. The most common types of metals used in Metal on Metal hip replacements are Cobalt Chromate alloys and Titanium alloys. Cobalt Chromate alloys were studied by Haynes in 1900s who showed that the basic binary Cobalt Chromate alloy exhibited high strength and low chemical reactivity. Generally, these alloys have high-wear resistance, high strength, and modulus of elasticity and high corrosion resistance which makes them useful for orthopedic implants. Titanium on the other hand is useful for orthopedic implants because of its inertness in a biochemical environment with mechanical strengths. In this thesis, modular Cobalt Chromate (Co-Cr-Mo) and Titanium (Ti6Al4V) alloys were subjected to continuous fatigue contact in a corrosive biochemical environment. The change in the passive layers of these alloys were observed by electrochemical characterizations during small displacement mechanical loading in different pH environments. Namely, Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) with a pH of 7.4, Sodium lactate solution which pH of 4 and 2. To further understand chemo-mechanical synergism, and damage recovery behaviors of two different oxides, a Nano-scratch based experiment was carried out in a tribochemical cell. Cyclic reciprocating motions with an alumina sphere was applied with controlled normal load in the solutions. The open circuit potential and potentiostatic polarization were used to measure the 2 polarization resistance and potential. Changes of electrochemical responses were monitored using the Gamry Potentiometer to quantitatively compare alterations of wear track area, roughness, and oxide thickness on both implant materials during mechanical wear. After thorough investigation, it can be deduced that the formation of oxide layer in the Titanium alloys occurs during fretting, after fretting and in some instances before fretting. CoCrMo however does not re-passivate during fretting but does recover its oxide layer after.
Download or read book Bio tribocorrosion in biomaterials and medical implants written by J.J. Ryu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter discusses synergistic damage mechanisms of modular implants due to mechanical stimulus and electrochemical dissolution. The influences of contact loads, plastic deformation, residual stresses, and environmental conditions are focused to illustrate mechanisms of damage and dissolution. Fretting corrosion is the most prevalent phenomenon that degrades the mechanical and chemical properties of implant materials. It has been explained as an alternating process of fracture and unstable growth of metal oxide film during fatigue contact motion in the corrosive environment. Stress-dependent electrochemical dissolution has also been identified as one of the key mechanisms governing surface degradation in fatigue contact and crevice corrosion of biomedical implants. This damage mechanism incorporates contact-induced residual stress development and stress-assisted dissolution. Understanding of the corrosion damage mechanism of metallic implants is very important in predicting the useful life of implants and optimizing the design of orthopedic implants.
Download or read book Metal on Metal Bearings written by Lynne C. Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-29 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the background and significance of the factors potentially influencing the clinical and biological outcomes of metal-on-metal hip implants. Metal-on-metal bearings were introduced and evaluated as an alternative to other bearing couples, particularly metal-on-polyethylene, due to their enhanced wear resistance as determined in laboratory testing. Initially, reports of short-term clinical outcomes were favorable and an increasing number of metal-on-metal prostheses were implanted. Subsequently, isolated case findings describing adverse tissue responses around the articulation became the harbinger of an increasing number of reports describing pseudotumors and other significant lymphocytic-based responses associated with metal-on-metal prostheses. Questions have been raised as to whether this is an implant, design, or patient-specific response. The reasons why some patients have a negative biological response and pathology while others do not remain to be determined, but tens of thousands of patients in the US, the UK, and around the world are considered to be at risk. Leading researchers and clinicians describe the issues related to the nature of the biological and pathological responses and the protocols that should be followed to determine if an adverse response is occurring. This book is essential reading for researchers, engineers, and orthopaedic surgeons who are involved in the design, evaluation, and implantation of metal-on-metal prostheses.
