Download or read book The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey written by Guenter Lewy and published by University of Utah Press. This book was released on 2005-11-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avoiding the sterile "was-it-genocide-or-not" debate, this book will open a new chapter in this contentious controversy and may help achieve a long-overdue reconciliation of Armenians and Turks.
Download or read book Judgment At Istanbul written by Vahakn N. Dadrian and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turkey’s bid to join the European Union has lent new urgency to the issue of the Armenian Genocide as differing interpretations of the genocide are proving to be a major reason for the delay of the its accession. This book provides vital background information and is a prime source of legal evidence and authentic Turkish eyewitness testimony of the intent and the crime of genocide against the Armenians. After a long and painstaking effort, the authors, one an Armenian, the other a Turk, generally recognized as the foremost experts on the Armenian Genocide, have prepared a new, authoritative translation and detailed analysis of the Takvim-i Vekâyi, the official Ottoman Government record of the Turkish Military Tribunals concerning the crimes committed against the Armenians during World War I. The authors have compiled the documentation of the trial proceedings for the first time in English and situated them within their historical and legal context. These documents show that Wartime Cabinet ministers, Young Turk party leaders, and a number of others inculpated in these crimes were court-martialed by the Turkish Military Tribunals in the years immediately following World War I. Most were found guilty and received sentences ranging from prison with hard labor to death. In remarkable contrast to Nuremberg, the Turkish Military Tribunals were conducted solely on the basis of existing Ottoman domestic penal codes. This substitution of a national for an international criminal court stands in history as a unique initiative of national self-condemnation. This compilation is significantly enhanced by an extensive analysis of the historical background, political nature and legal implications of the criminal prosecution of the twentieth century’s first state-sponsored crime of genocide.
Download or read book Law and Long Term Economic Change written by Debin Ma and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, a growing body of work on "law and finance" and "legal origins" has highlighted the role of formal legal institutions in shaping financial institutions. However, these writings have focused largely on Europe, neglecting important non-Western traditions that prevail in a large part of the world. Law and Long-Term Economic Change brings together a group of leading scholars from economics, economic history, law, and area studies to develop a unique, global and, long-term perspective on the linkage between law and economic change. Covering the regions of Western Europe, East and South Asia, and the Middle East, the chapters explore major themes regarding the nature and evolution of different legal regimes; their relationship with the state or organized religion; the definition and interpretation of ownership and property rights; the functioning of courts, and other mechanisms for dispute resolution and contract enforcement; and the complex dynamics of legal transplantations through processes such as colonization. The text makes clear that the development of legal traditions and institutions—as embodiments of cultural values and norms—exerts a strong effect on long-term economic change. And it demonstrates that a good understanding of legal origins around the world enriches any debate about Great Divergence in the early modern era, as well as development and underdevelopment in 19th-20th century Eurasia.
Download or read book Training for Foreign Trade written by Roy Samuel MacElwee and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Miscellaneous Series written by United States. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turkey the Great Powers and the Bagdad Railway A study in imperialism written by Edward Mead Earle and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the preface to his book, which looks at Turkish economic development from 1918, The author states, "Students of history and international relations will find in the story of the Bagdad Railway a laboratory full of rich materials for an analysis of modern economic imperialism and its far-reaching consequences." The book is critical of both American and European influences on the Turkish economy.
Download or read book The Economic Position of the United Kingdom 1912 1918 written by Roy Samuel MacElwee and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic Position of the United Kingdom 1912 1918 written by William Andrew Paton and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commercial Law in Southeastern Europe written by Martin Löhnig and published by Böhlau Wien. This book was released on 2022-04-11 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In late Ottoman South-Eastern Europe, traditional Ottoman law, court systems and court personnel on the one hand, and ultra-modern French and German/Austrian law on the other, clashed. Thus, more than ever before, this region lay on the "tectonic boundary" of several legal continental shelves. This location makes South Eastern Europe a laboratory in which elements from different legal cultures coexist, mutually influence each other and merge with each other: A legal space characterised by plurality and hybridity, which due to these characteristics ultimately appears more modern than the - at least supposedly - homogeneous legal areas on the individual legal continental shelves.
Download or read book Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire written by Mesrob K. Krikorian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1977. Although hundreds of books have been published on the Armenian question and massacres, very little is known about their services in the cultural, economic and administrative life and development of the Ottoman Empire. This study is an investigation into the contribution by Armenians to Ottoman public life from 1860, when the Armenian community in Turkey was given a new legislative Constitution on the basis of Tanzimat (Reforms) until 1908, when the young Turks seized power and there followed a bitterly fanatic policy of intolerance which had tragic consequences for both the Armenians and the Turks. The author has concentrated his investigations on the eastern provinces of Anatolia, which earlier formed the western part of historic Armenia and which in the diplomatic language of the nineteenth century were referred to as ‘provinces inhabited by Armenians’. To these he has added the provinces of Syria, close to the neighbouring Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, and where, especially in and around Aleppo, old Armenian communities had settled. Both in Anatolia and Syria, the Armenians were employed in various administrative, judicial, economic and secretarial fields and, to a lesser extent, in technical affairs, agriculture, education and public health. The author shows how this contribution was made in spite of the fact that for the Armenians these were years of transition from their established status as a favoured Christian millet to the tragic insecurity of a hunted people.
Download or read book The Subjects of Ottoman International Law written by Lâle Can and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-13 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The core of this edited volume originates from a special issue of the Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association (JOTSA) that goes well beyond the special issue to incorporate the stimulating discussions and insights of two Middle East Studies Association conference roundtables and the important work of additional scholars in order to create a state-of-the-field volume on Ottoman sociolegal studies, particularly regarding Ottoman international law from the eighteenth century to the end of the empire. It makes several important contributions to Ottoman and Turkish studies, namely, by introducing these disciplines to the broader fields of trans-imperial studies, comparative international law, and legal history. Combining the best practices of diplomatic history and history from below to integrate the Ottoman Empire and its subjects into the broader debates of the nineteenth-century trans-imperial history this unique volume represents the exciting work and cutting-edge scholarship on these topics that will continue to shape the field in years to come.
Download or read book Consumption Estimates Showing Production Imports Exports and Amounts Available for Consumption of Various Articles in the United States by Years Specified written by United States. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Publisher written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formalizing Displacement written by Umut Özsu and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Umut Özsu situates population transfer within the broader history of international law by examining its emergence as a legally formalized mechanism of nation-building in the early twentieth century. The book's principal focus is the 1922-34 compulsory exchange of minorities between Greece and Turkey, a crucially important endeavor whose legal dimensions remain under-scrutinized.
Download or read book The Law Times written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 1302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hajj Today written by David E. Long and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1979-01-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Qu'ran admonishes Muslims that "the pilgrimage to the temple is an obligation due to God from those who are able to journey there." Today over one and a half million pilgrims annually fulfill this Fifth Pillar of Islam, the Hajj. Saudi Arabia conquered the Hijaz in part to protect Hajjis from abuses in the management of the Hajj. How does that country now administer the religious event that brings so many people, often poor and illiterate, into one small area to perform a variety of complex rituals? How does the government protect its visitors' health and safety, and ensure their proper guidance through the necessary rites? How does it move so many pilgrims in and out of what is essentially an out-of-the-way desert? David Long has set this thoughtful examination of the twentieth-century Hajj within its historical framework. He first provides a clear, concise description of the rituals either necessary or traditional to the proper performance of the Hajj; he then relates how the inhabitants of Mecca used to manage the pilgrimage and finally, relates how the new Saudi rulers gradually brought the Hajj service industry under government regulation. Today there is probably no agency of the Saudi government which is not at least tangentially concerned with the Hajj. Only in the area of health did there exist a history of public management. By the early nineteenth century it had become all too clear that the Hajj served to carry diseases endemic to the Orient to Europe, and by the end of that century health and quarantine procedures were under international control. Today the Saudi government has sole control of these matters. Oil revenue vastly exceeds Hajj revenues--once a major source of Saudi income--but the Hajj continues to play an enormous role in the religious, social, and political life of the country. And even in economics it structures the Saudi businessman's year and provides part- or full-time employment to more Saudi citizens than does the oil industry. This volume contains an extensive bibliography, appendixes containing statistical material on recent Hajjs, maps, and a glossary.
Download or read book Prisons in the Late Ottoman Empire written by Kent F. Schull and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to the stereotypical images of torture, narcotics and brutal sexual abuse traditionally associated with Ottoman or 'Turkish' prisons, Kent Schull argues that, during the Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918), they played a crucial role in attempts to transform the empire.
