Download or read book Conversion of Elite Subtropical Maize Germplasm to Temperate Environments written by Homer Gene Caton and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semi-exotic BC1F1 testcrosses were evaluated in five Iowa environments during 1998, with average grain yields of 95.7 q ha7−1 (153.1 bu ac−1). Selected testcrosses had grain yields similar to or greater (p[Less than or equal to]0.05) than their checks. Grain moisture of selected LSC-exotic and RYD-exotic testerosses was similar to and greater, respectively, than the recurrent parent testerosses, and resistance to root and stalk lodging was similar to the checks. Results support backcross introgression to incorporate alleles from exotic sources, to maintain the agronomic traits of the recurrent parent, and to maintain or enhance the combining ability of the recurrent parent heterotic pool. Inbred lines developed in CIMMYT's hybrid program have been improved for agronomic traits, for tolerance to inbreeding, and heterotic alignment. Pre-selected exotic germplasm represents a valuable resource for widening the genetic base of temperate maize.
Download or read book Cereals written by Marcelo J. Carena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture depends on improved cultivars, and cultivars are developed through proper plant breeding. Unfortunately, applied plant breeding programs that are focused on cereal commodity crops are under serious erosion because of lack of funding. This loss of public support affects breeding continuity, objectivity, and, perhaps equally important, the training of future plant breeders and the utilization and improvement of plant genetic resources currently available. Breeding programs should focus not only on short-term research goals but also on long-term genetic improvement of germplasm. The research products of breeding programs are important not only for food security but also for commodity-oriented public and private programs, especially in the fringes of crop production. Breeding strategies used for long-term selection are often neglected but the reality is that long-term research is needed for the success of short-term products. An excellent example is that genetically broad-based public germplasm has significantly been utilized and recycled by industry, producing billions of dollars for industry and farmers before intellectual property rights were available. Successful examples of breeding continuity have served the sustainable cereal crop production that we currently have. The fact that farmers rely on public and private breeding institutions for solving long-term challenges should influence policy makers to reverse this trend of reduced funding. Joint cooperation between industry and public institutions would be a good example to follow. The objective of this volume is to increase the utilization of useful genetic resources and increase awareness of the relative value and impact of plant breeding and biotechnology. That should lead to a more sustainable crop production and ultimately food security. Applied plant breeding will continue to be the foundation to which molecular markers are applied. Focusing useful molecular techniques on the right traits will build a strong linkage between genomics and plant breeding and lead to new and better cultivars. Therefore, more than ever there is a need for better communication and cooperation among scientists in the plant breeding and biotechnology areas. We have an opportunity to greatly enhance agricultural production by applying the results of this research to meet the growing demands for food security and environmental conservation. Ensuring strong applied plant breeding programs with successful application of molecular markers will be essential in ensuring such sustainable use of plant genetic resources.
Download or read book Backcross Introgression and Two stage Testing for Conversion of Improved Tropical Germplasm to Temperate Environments written by Freeman Callaway Whitehead and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of exotic maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm, particularly of tropical and subtropical adaptation, has been suggested to increase genetic variability and grain yield of maize breeding material in temperate environments. Lack of adaptation to temperate areas and photoperiod sensitivity may mask desirable traits and reduce breeding progress. The objectives of this study included two-stage evaluation and selection of segregating families in the central U.S. Corn Belt derived from the backcross introgression of previously improved tropical CIMMYT germplasm into adapted, elite U.S. Corn Belt germplasm. The U.S. Corn Belt heterotic patterns of Stiff Stalk and non-Stiff Stalk were combined with germplasm of primarily Tuxpeno and non-Tuxpeño racial origin, respectively. Per se evaluation of 891 backcross (BClF1) families from 33 different backcrosses, component Fl crosses, and adapted recurrent populations were conducted in Iowa in 1997. Backcross populations displayed grain yields either similar to or greater than the respective Fl crosses but with significantly less grain moisture and days to mid-pollen, suggesting 25% tropical germplasm to be the preferred starting point to initiate selection. Stalk lodging of backcross populations was similar to and sometimes less than the respective adapted recurrent population check while yield was greater in more than 50% of the crosses. BC1F1 families were selected from within Stiff Stalk and non-Stiff Stalk oriented materials and testcrossed to an elite inbred of the opposite heterotic pool. Testcrosses of backcross families and testcrosses of adapted parental populations were evaluated at seven locations in Iowa and Nebraska in 1999. Grain yield, percent root and stalk lodging, and plant and ear heights of selected testcrosses were generally similar (p[Less than or equal to symbol]0.05) to their respective checks. Harvest grain moisture and days to mid-silk and mid-pollen were either similar to or greater than the checks, averaging early zone 8 for maturity. Results support backcrossing to introduce previously improved tropical germplasm to the central U.S. Corn Belt. The alignment of established U.S. Corn Belt heterotic pools with tropical racial or heterotic pools during introgression will serve to enhance genetic variation within and among pools. Previously selected tropical germplasm of known heterotic affinity may be considered a significant resource for introduction of tropical germplasm into temperate breeding programs.
Download or read book Temperate and Sub tropical Maize Germplasm written by Michiel Christiaan Brooks Coetzee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Second Asian Regional Maize Workshop written by Richard N. Wedderburn and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 1987 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Elite Exotic Maize Inbreds for Use in Long term Temperate Breeding written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm base is narrow. While maize is a very diverse species, that diversity is not represented in U.S. maize production acreage. Most elite U.S. maize inbreds can be traced back to a small pool of inbreds that were developed decades ago. Increased genetic diversity can be obtained through breeding with exotic germplasm, especially tropical-exotic sources. However, setbacks are often encountered when working with tropical germplasm due to adaptation barriers. Furthermore, the pool of available tropical germplasm is large and diverse, making choices of tropical parents difficult. The maize breeding program at North Carolina State University has begun a large-scale screening effort to evaluate elite exotic maize inbreds, most of which are tropical-exotic in origin. The purpose of this research was to: 1) generate comparative yield-trial data for over 100 elite exotic maize inbreds, 2) determine the relative effectiveness of various testcross regimes, 3) identify sources of gray leaf spot (GLS) resistance among these elite exotic inbreds, and 4) promote the use of exotic maize germplasm to broaden the genetic base of U.S. maize. Over 100 elite exotic maize inbreds were obtained from various international breeding programs. They were tested in replicated yield trials in North Carolina as 50%-exotic testcrosses by crossing them to a broad-base U.S. tester of Stiff Stalk (SS) x non-Stiff Stalk (NSS) origin. The more promising lines additionally entered 25%-tropical testcrosses with SS and NSS testers and were further evaluated in yield-trials. A dozen tropical inbred lines performed well overall--CML10, CML108, CML157Q, CML258, CML264, CML274, CML277, CML341, CML343, CML373, Tzi8, and Tzi9. Inbred lines CML157Q, CML343, CML373, and Tzi9 did not show significant line x tester interaction. Furthermore, it was determined that testcrossing to a single broad-based tester will suffice for initial screening purposes, allowing for elimination.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of Annual Corn and Sorghum Research Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genomic Designing of Climate Smart Cereal Crops written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights modern methods and strategies to improve cereal crops in the era of climate change, presenting the latest advances in plant molecular mapping and genome sequencing. Spectacular achievements in the fields of molecular breeding, transgenics and genomics in the last three decades have facilitated revolutionary changes in cereal- crop-improvement strategies and techniques. Since the genome sequencing of rice in 2002, the genomes of over eight cereal crops have been sequenced and more are to follow. This has made it possible to decipher the exact nucleotide sequence and chromosomal positions of agroeconomic genes. Most importantly, comparative genomics and genotyping-by-sequencing have opened up new vistas for exploring available biodiversity, particularly of wild crop relatives, for identifying useful donor genes.
Download or read book Advances in Wheat Genetics From Genome to Field written by Yasunari Ogihara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Download or read book Annual Meetings Abstracts written by American Society of Agronomy and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Maize and Grace written by James C. McCann and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-15 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sometime around 1500 AD, an African farmer planted a maize seed imported from the New World. That act set in motion the remarkable saga of one of the world’s most influential crops—one that would transform the future of Africa and of the Atlantic world. Africa’s experience with maize is distinctive but also instructive from a global perspective: experts predict that by 2020 maize will become the world’s most cultivated crop. James C. McCann moves easily from the village level to the continental scale, from the medieval to the modern, as he explains the science of maize production and explores how the crop has imprinted itself on Africa’s agrarian and urban landscapes. Today, maize accounts for more than half the calories people consume in many African countries. During the twentieth century, a tidal wave of maize engulfed the continent, and supplanted Africa’s own historical grain crops—sorghum, millet, and rice. In the metamorphosis of maize from an exotic visitor into a quintessentially African crop, in its transformation from vegetable to grain, and from curiosity to staple, lies a revealing story of cultural adaptation. As it unfolds, we see how this sixteenth-century stranger has become indispensable to Africa’s fields, storehouses, and diets, and has embedded itself in Africa’s political, economic, and social relations. The recent spread of maize has been alarmingly fast, with implications largely overlooked by the media and policymakers. McCann’s compelling history offers insight into the profound influence of a single crop on African culture, health, technological innovation, and the future of the world’s food supply.
Download or read book GGE Biplot Analysis written by Weikai Yan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-08-28 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research data is expensive and precious, yet it is seldom fully utilized due to our ability of comprehension. Graphical display is desirable, if not absolutely necessary, for fully understanding large data sets with complex interconnectedness and interactions. The newly developed GGE biplot methodology is a superior approach to the graphical analys
Download or read book The Potato Crop written by Hugo Campos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a fresh, updated and science-based perspective on the current status and prospects of the diverse array of topics related to the potato, and was written by distinguished scientists with hands-on global experience in research aspects related to potato. The potato is the third most important global food crop in terms of consumption. Being the only vegetatively propagated species among the world’s main five staple crops creates both issues and opportunities for the potato: on the one hand, this constrains the speed of its geographic expansion and its options for international commercialization and distribution when compared with commodity crops such as maize, wheat or rice. On the other, it provides an effective insulation against speculation and unforeseen spikes in commodity prices, since the potato does not represent a good traded on global markets. These two factors highlight the underappreciated and underrated role of the potato as a dependable nutrition security crop, one that can mitigate turmoil in world food supply and demand and political instability in some developing countries. Increasingly, the global role of the potato has expanded from a profitable crop in developing countries to a crop providing income and nutrition security in developing ones. This book will appeal to academics and students of crop sciences, but also policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the potato and its contribution to humankind’s food security.
Download or read book The State of the World s Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-03-12 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture presents the first global assessment of biodiversity for food and agriculture worldwide. Biodiversity for food and agriculture is the diversity of plants, animals and micro-organisms at genetic, species and ecosystem levels, present in and around crop, livestock, forest and aquatic production systems. It is essential to the structure, functions and processes of these systems, to livelihoods and food security, and to the supply of a wide range of ecosystem services. It has been managed or influenced by farmers, livestock keepers, forest dwellers, fish farmers and fisherfolk for hundreds of generations. Prepared through a participatory, country-driven process, the report draws on information from 91 country reports to provide a description of the roles and importance of biodiversity for food and agriculture, the drivers of change affecting it and its current status and trends. It describes the state of efforts to promote the sustainable use and conservation of biodiversity for food and agriculture, including through the development of supporting policies, legal frameworks, institutions and capacities. It concludes with a discussion of needs and challenges in the future management of biodiversity for food and agriculture. The report complements other global assessments prepared under the auspices of the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, which have focused on the state of genetic resources within particular sectors of food and agriculture.
