Download or read book Controlling Mercury Emissions from Coal fired Power Plants written by Air & Waste Management Association and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technology for Controlling Mercury Emissions from Coal fired Power Plants in Illinois written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercury Emission and its Control in Chinese Coal Fired Power Plants written by Jinsong Zhou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mercury Emission and its Control in Chinese Coal-Fired Power Plants" focuses on investigating mercury emissions samplings and measurement in Chinese coal-fired power plants, mercury emission estimations and future trends, mercury speciation transformation during coal combustion, mercury control and mercury stability in byproducts. The book not only introduces mercury emissions from actual coal-fired power plants, but also presents studies on the mechanism of mercury emission and its control. This is a valuable reference for engineering thermal physicists, thermal engineers, and chemical engineers. Jinsong Zhou, Zhongyang Luo, and Mengxiang Fang are Professors in the College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, China. Yanqun Zhu is Associate Professor in the College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, China.
Download or read book Coal Fired Flue Gas Mercury Emission Controls written by Jiang Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals, harmful to both the environment and human health. Hg is released into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources and its emission control has caused much concern. This book introduces readers to Hg pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources and systematically describes coal-fired flue gas mercury emission control in industry, especially from coal-fired power stations. Mercury emission control theory and experimental research are demonstrated, including how elemental mercury is oxidized into oxidized mercury and the effect of flue gas contents on the mercury speciation transformation process. Mercury emission control methods, such as existing APCDs (air pollution control devices) at power stations, sorbent injection, additives in coal combustion and photo-catalytic methods are introduced in detail. Lab-scale, pilot-scale and full-scale experimental studies of sorbent injection conducted by the authors are presented systematically, helping researchers and engineers to understand how this approach reduces the mercury emissions in flue gas and to apply the methods in mercury emission control at coal-fired power stations. Readers will arrive at a comprehensive understanding of various mercury emission control methods that are suitable for industrial applications. The book is intended for scientists, researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of energy science and technology, environmental science and technology and chemical engineering.
Download or read book Control of mercury emissions from coalfired electric utility boilers interim report including errata dated 32102 written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Control of Mercury Emissions from Coal fired Electric Power Plants written by Barry Jackson Goehler and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulating Mercury Emissions from Power Plants Will It Protect Our Health written by and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on 2005 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercury Control written by Evan J. Granite and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-20 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential handbook and ready reference offers a detailed overview of the existing and currently researched technologies available for the control of mercury in coal-derived gas streams and that are viable for meeting the strict standards set by environmental protection agencies. Written by an internationally acclaimed author team from government agencies, academia and industry, it details US, EU, Asia-Pacific and other international perspectives, regulations and guidelines.
Download or read book Clean Air Act written by John B. Stephenson (au) and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005-12 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 2005, the EPA issued a rule that will limit mercury emissions (ME) -- a toxic element that causes neurological problems -- from coal-fired power plants, the nation's largest ind'l. source of ME. Under the rule, ME are to be reduced from a baseline of 48 tons/yr. to 38 tons in 2010 & to 15 tons in 2018. The ME target for 2010 is based on the level of ME achievable with technol. for controlling other pollutants -- which also capture some mercury -- because it believed emerging mercury controls had not been adequately demonstrated. This report: describes the use, availability, & effectiveness of technol. to reduce ME at power plants; & identifies the factors that influence the cost of these technol. & reports on available cost estimates. Tables.
Download or read book Clean Coal Technology written by Barry Leonard and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-12 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Coal Technology Demo. Program, the Power Plant Improvement Initiative, and the Clean Coal Power Initiative are gov¿t. and industry co-funded programs. Their goal is to demonstrate a new generation of innovative coal-utilization technologies in a series of projects carried out across the country. These demonstrations are conducted on a commercial scale to prove the technical feasibility of the technologies and to provide technical and financial info. for future applications. Recently, it has been determined that mercury emitted by coal-fired power plants is detrimental to human health and to the environ. This report describes 3 projects that demonstrate technologies that remove mercury from coal and reduce other pollutants as well. Ill.
Download or read book Control of Mercury Emissions from Coal fired Power Plants written by Wojciech Józewicz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Valuation of Human Health Benefits of Controlling Mercury Emissions from U S Coal fired Power Plants written by Glenn Rice and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercury Emission Control for Coal Fired Power Plants Using Coal and Biomass written by Udayasarathy Arcot Vijayasarathy and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury is a leading concern among the air toxic metals addressed in the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) because of its volatility, persistence, and bioaccumulation as methylmercury in the environment and its neurological health impacts. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports for 2001 shows that total mercury emissions from all sources in USA is about 145 tons per annum, of which coal fired power plants contribute around 33% of it, about 48 tons per annum. Unlike other trace metals that are emitted in particulate form, mercury is released in vapor phase in elemental (Hg0) or oxidized (Hg2+, mainly HgCl2) form. To date, there is no post combustion treatment which can effectively capture elemental mercury vapor, but the oxidized form of mercury can be captured in traditional emission control devices such as wet flue gas defulrization (WFGD) units, since oxidized mercury (HgCl2) is soluble in water. The chlorine concentration present during coal combustion plays a major role in mercury oxidation, which is evident from the fact that plants burning coal having high chlorine content have less elemental mercury emissions. A novel method of co-firing blends of low chlorine content coal with high chlorine content cattle manure/biomass was used in order to study its effect on mercury oxidation. For Texas Lignite and Wyoming coal the concentrations of chlorine are 139 ppm and 309 ppm on dry ash free basis, while for Low Ash Partially Composted Dairy Biomass it is 2,691 ppm. Co-firing experiments were performed in a 100,000 BTU/hr (29.3 kWt) Boiler Burner facility located in the Coal and Biomass Energy laboratory (CBEL); coal and biomass blends in proportions of 80:20, 90:10, 95:5 and 100:0 were investigated as fuels. The percentage reduction of Hg with 95:5, 90:10 and 80:20 blends were measured to be 28- 50%, 42-62% and 71-75% respectively. Though cattle biomass serves as an additive to coal, to increase the chlorine concentration, it leads to higher ash loading. Low Ash and High Ash Partially Composted Dairy Biomass have 164% and 962% more ash than Wyoming coal respectively. As the fraction of cattle biomass in blend increases in proportion, ash loading problems increase simultaneously. An optimum blend ratio is arrived and suggested as 90:10 blend with good reduction in mercury emissions without any compromise on ash loading.
Download or read book Mercury Emissions from Electric Power Plants written by James E. McCarthy (Specialist in environmental policy) and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPA studies conclude that at least 7.8% of American women have blood mercury levels sufficient to increase the risk of adverse health effects (especially lower IQs) in children they might bear. Thus, there was great interest in the agencys March 15, 2005, announcement that it was finalizing new regulations to control mercury (Hg) emissions from coal-fired electric power plants -- power plants account for 42% of total U.S. mercury emissions, according to EPA. In announcing the regulations, however, EPA stated that most mercury in the atmosphere comes from non-U.S. global sources. Thus, even if regulations could reduce power plant mercury emissions to zero, the agency concluded, there would be little change in the mercury health effects it has identified. Instead of more stringent requirements, EPA promulgated "cap-and-trade" standards that rely heavily on cobenefits from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide controls installed under a separate agency rule, the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). This approach minimizes costs for electric utilities: by 2015, less than 1% of coal-fired power plants will have installed equipment specifically designed to control mercury, according to EPA. By 2020, only 4% of plants will have such equipment. Ten states have filed suit to overturn the agency s action, arguing that EPA is required by the Clean Air Act to impose more stringent Maximum Achievable Control Technology standards at each individual plant. Beginning in 2010, the cap-and-trade standards limit total power plant mercury emissions to 38 tons annually (a 21% reduction vs. 1999 levels). A second phase caps annual emissions at 15 tons, starting in 2018. According to the agency, trading and banking of emission allowances will result in lower than required emissions in the early years, but will delay achievement of the 15-ton cap to at least 2025. Thus, the net effect of the rule appears to be to postpone until the 2020s direct regulation of mercury (except as a co-benefit achieved from regulating other pollutants). EPA has sent contradictory signals regarding the importance of controlling mercury emissions. Its January 2004 analysis of the proposed rule estimated that the indirect benefits of more stringent regulations ($15 billion annually) would outweigh compliance costs by a factor of at least 16 to 1. Direct benefits (although unquantifiable) were said to be "large enough to justify substantial investment in Hg control." The analysis of the final rule, by contrast, concludes that quantifiable direct and indirect benefits of mercury control are just $43 million per year, with annual costs as high as $896 million. EPA s calculations did not include consideration of an academic study that it had funded, a factor contributing to the calculation of smaller benefits. This decision was one of several irregularities in the regulatory process alleged by the agency's Inspector General, GAO, and critics of the rule. In addition to EPAs regulatory effort, five bills that would regulate these emissions have been introduced so far in the 109th Congress, with more expected. S. 131, the Clear Skies Act, has many points in common with the EPA regulatory approach. This report will be updated.
Download or read book Mercury Emissions from Coal fired Power Plants written by Paul Franklin Tirey and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation tests whether or not mercury emissions from electric power plants are not a significant contributor to mercury measurements in rainfall and argues that the current United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed regulatory scheme for controlling mercury from electric power plants, the Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR), is an effective regulatory mechanism by using a number of ordinary least square (OLS) and spatial regression models. Two dependent variables are tested, mercury concentration (the average mercury concentration measured in rainfall in nanograms per liter, ng/L) and mercury deposition (the total annual mercury falling at each measurement site in nanograms per square meter, ng/m 2 ), with mercury concentration determined to be the more valid dependent variable. The source for the mercury concentration and deposition data is the Mercury Deposition Network (MDN), part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP), with the data obtained for between 46 and 75 sites operating from 2001 through 2005. Independent variables include: (1) emissions to the air from power plants, (2) emissions to the air from other industrial sites, (3) emissions to the land from the mining industry, (4) population as a proxy variable for vehicle emissions, (5) burned area from wildfires, (6) precipitation and (7) dummy variables for year and EPA region. Data for independent variables 1, 2, and 3 were obtained from the EPA's Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) program. Population for each county in the U.S. was obtained from the Census Bureau, and wildfire data was obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture satellite based fire mapping system, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Microsoft Access was utilized to summarize and total the independent variables within a variable radius of the MDN measurement sites, ranging from 25 to 500 miles. The software tool GeoDa 0.95i, made available by the University of Illinois, was used to perform the OLS, spatial lag, and spatial error regressions. After changing the functional form of the equation to a log-linear model (using the natural log form of the dependent variable and the linear forms of the independent variables) to deal with heteroskedasticity, the results indicate a strong spatial component to the model. Other than precipitation, the most significant predictor of mercury concentration is fire area burned between 50 and 75 miles of the MDN measurement site (z = 3.08, p
Download or read book Mercury Emissions from Coal fired Power Plants written by Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercury Emissions from Coal fired Power Plant b an Evaluation of Reduction Strategies Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process written by Julie C. Metty and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
