Download or read book Control Structures in Stratified Flow written by Donald R. F. Harleman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade the Tennessee Valley Authority has designed and built several structures for the purpose of withdrawing cold bottom water from thermally stratified reservoirs. The cold water is used to supply condenser water for steam-generated power plants. During the summer months the primary flows in the Tennessee River system are controlled by releases from upstream storage dams through low level turbine intakes. The cold water, discharged by the turbines, forms a density underflow in the downstream river and reservoirs which may be from 10 to 150F colder than the overlying surface water (Ref. 1, 2, 3). The intake structures in the form of submerged sluice gates are known as "skimmer walls". The water in the condenser water channel downstream of the gate is homogeneous and has a specific gravity equal to the lower, colder water in the intake channel upstream of the gate. The colder water is caused to flow through a vertical opening at the bottom of the gate by virtue of a head differential across the wall. The problem is to determine the maximum discharge of the colder water through the gate without inducing a steady state withdrawal from the warmer layer upstream of the gate. A basic experimental and analytical investigation of this problem was conducted in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory of the Department of Civil Engineering at the request of TVA in the spring and summer of 1954 (Ref. 4) as part of a continuing program of research in stratified flow (Ref. 5, 6). The flow configuration is shown schematically in Figure 1. While the information obtained from this study has proved to be a valid basis for design of skimmer walls of the type shown in Figure 1, questions have been raised in regard to the relative efficiency of other possible geometrical configurations. The proposed Bull Run steam power plant of the TVA is to be located at mile 48 on the Clinch River in the backwater of the Melton Hill Dam (under construction). After completion of Melton Hill, the normal depth of water in the Clinch River at this point will be approximately 20 feet. The Bull Run condenser water intake will be approximately 32 miles downstream from Norris Dam which is the source of cold water during the summer period of thermal stratification in Melton Hill reservoir. In the absence of the Bull Run plant the normal "plunge point" for the cold water in the reservoir would probably be in the vicinity of the Bull Run site. It is estimated that condenser water requirements will cause diversion of most of the river flow for sizeable periods of time. The heated water is to be returned to the river approximately one mile below the intake structure. This addition of heat will result in a reinforcement of the reservoir stratification and will probably move the cold water "plunge point" upstream. Due to the topography, the maximum length of an intake structure is approximately 400 feet. In the horizontal intake skimmer wall the lip of the skimmer wall is essentially at the elevation of the river bed. This configuration requires the excavation of a bottom step of height (b) in order for the fluid to pass through the horizontal opening (a) and flow under the gate into the condenser water channel. In order to have an accurate comparison for the two skimmer wall configurations, the experiments on the two types of walls were conducted using the same quantitative basis for the determination of the discharge at incipient drawdown. The drawdown discharge criterion for the 1954 tests was essentially a visual one, hence., the tests on the type I structure were repeated. In addition, it was desired to obtain quantitative information on the magnitude of the energy loss across the skimmer wall. The experiments were conducted in the M.I.T. Hydrodynamics Laboratory using salt water and fresh water to simulate the prototype density differences due to thermal effects. For laboratory purposes and reproducibility of results a sharp interface between the two layers is obtained. It is recognized that in the field such a sharp interface is not possible; however, equivalent interfacial heights may be determined by using the depth at which the vertical density gradient is a maximum

Download or read book Topographic Effects in Stratified Flows written by Peter G. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the nature of density-stratified flow over and around topography, including applications to the flow of the atmosphere and ocean.

Download or read book Environmental Stratified Flows written by Roger Grimshaw and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of flows in density-stratified fluids has been and remains now an important topic for scientific enquiry. Such flows arise in many contexts, ranging from industrial settings to the oceanic and atmospheric environments. It is the latter topic which is the focus of this book. Both the ocean and atmosphere are characterised by the basic vertical density stratification, and this feature can affect the dynamics on all scales ranging from the micro-scale to the planetary scale. The aim of this book is to provide a “state-of-the-art” account of stratified flows as they are relevant to the ocean and atmosphere with a primary focus on meso-scale phenomena; that is, on phenomena whose time and space scales are such that the density stratification is a dominant effect, so that frictional and diffusive effects on the one hand and the effects of the earth’s rotation on the other hand can be regarded as of less importance. This in turn leads to an emphasis on internal waves.

Download or read book Topographic Effects in Stratified Flows written by Peter G. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on both theory and experiment, this text describes the behaviour of homogeneous and density-stratified fluids over and around topography. In examining the similarities between the flow of a river over a barrier or weir and the flow of the atmosphere over a mountain range, this book presents a comprehensive synthesis of this topic in terms suitable for scientists, engineers, teachers and students of fluid dynamics. With this book, Professor Baines makes a notable contribution to the fields of fluid mechanics and geophysical fluid dynamics. The text will be a great asset to graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as to research professionals.

Download or read book Hydraulics of Stratified Flow written by Danny L. King and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Turbulence in Rotating Stratified and Electrically Conducting Fluids written by P. A. Davidson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two recurring themes in astrophysical and geophysical fluid mechanics: waves and turbulence. This book investigates how turbulence responds to rotation, stratification or magnetic fields, identifying common themes, where they exist, as well as the essential differences which inevitably arise between different classes of flow. The discussion is developed from first principles, making the book suitable for graduate students as well as professional researchers. The author focuses first on the fundamentals and then progresses to such topics as the atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence in the upper atmosphere, turbulence in the core of the earth, zonal winds in the giant planets, turbulence within the interior of the sun, the solar wind, and turbulent flows in accretion discs. The book will appeal to engineers, geophysicists, astrophysicists and applied mathematicians who are interested in naturally occurring turbulent flows.

Download or read book Straits and Seaways Controls Processes and Implications in Modern and Ancient Systems written by V. M. Rossi and published by Geological Society of London Special Publications. This book was released on 2023-03-29 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Straits and seaways represent key connections of oceans and seas between emerged landmasses, regulating water, sediment and biota exchanges, and influencing local and global climate. A good understanding of the dynamic evolution of straits and seaways is therefore fundamental to accurately reconstruct the paleoecology, sedimentology and stratigraphy of interconnected basins, to reconstruct past Earth’s system climate dynamics, and to exploit different types of resources. This book provides a comprehensive collection of articles dealing with both ancient and modern case studies, bringing together different but complementary disciplines, such as marine geology and process sedimentology and stratigraphy. With the contents covering the evolution, geomorphology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, oceanography, paleogeography and influence on climate of straits and seaways, the book is of interest to earth scientists in many fields.

Download or read book Ludwig s Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants written by A. Kayode Coker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 1023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This complete revision of Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants, Volume 1 builds upon Ernest E. Ludwig's classic text to further enhance its use as a chemical engineering process design manual of methods and proven fundamentals. This new edition includes important supplemental mechanical and related data, nomographs and charts. Also included within are improved techniques and fundamental methodologies, to guide the engineer in designing process equipment and applying chemical processes to properly detailed equipment.All three volumes of Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants serve the practicing engineer by providing organized design procedures, details on the equipment suitable for application selection, and charts in readily usable form. Process engineers, designers, and operators will find more chemical petrochemical plant design data in:Volume 2, Third Edition, which covers distillation and packed towers as well as material on azeotropes and ideal/non-ideal systems.Volume 3, Third Edition, which covers heat transfer, refrigeration systems, compression surge drums, and mechanical drivers.A. Kayode Coker, is Chairman of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology department at Jubail Industrial College in Saudi Arabia. He's both a chartered scientist and a chartered chemical engineer for more than 15 years. and an author of Fortran Programs for Chemical Process Design, Analysis and Simulation, Gulf Publishing Co., and Modeling of Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design, Butterworth-Heinemann. - Provides improved design manuals for methods and proven fundamentals of process design with related data and charts - Covers a complete range of basic day-to-day petrochemical operation topics with new material on significant industry changes since 1995.

Download or read book Analytic and Geometric Study of Stratified Spaces written by Markus J. Pflaum and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an introduction to stratification theory leading the reader up to modern research topics in the field. The first part presents the basics of stratification theory, in particular the Whitney conditions and Mather's control theory, and introduces the notion of a smooth structure. Moreover, it explains how one can use smooth structures to transfer differential geometric and analytic methods from the arena of manifolds to stratified spaces. In the second part the methods established in the first part are applied to particular classes of stratified spaces like for example orbit spaces. Then a new de Rham theory for stratified spaces is established and finally the Hochschild (co)homology theory of smooth functions on certain classes of stratified spaces is studied. The book should be accessible to readers acquainted with the basics of topology, analysis and differential geometry.

Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydraulic Research in the United States 1970 written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Resources Research Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2022 written by Jia'en Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-05 with total page 7600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on reservoir surveillance and management, reservoir evaluation and dynamic description, reservoir production stimulation and EOR, ultra-tight reservoir, unconventional oil and gas resources technology, oil and gas well production testing, and geomechanics. This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 12th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2022). The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The main audience for the work includes reservoir engineer, geological engineer, enterprise managers, senior engineers as well as professional students.

Download or read book Aeration of Natural Waters written by George L. Knapp and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Storm and Cloud Dynamics written by William R. Cotton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-12-21 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Storm and Cloud Dynamics focuses on the dynamics of clouds and of precipitating mesoscale meteorological systems. Clouds and precipitating mesoscale systems represent some of the most important and scientifically exciting weather systems in the world. These are the systems that produce torrential rains, severe winds including downburst and tornadoes, hail, thunder and lightning, and major snow storms. Forecasting such storms represents a major challenge since they are too small to be adequately resolved by conventional observing networks and numerical prediction models. - Provides a complete treatment of clouds integrating the analysis of air motions with cloud structure, microphysics, and precipitation mechanics - Describes and explains the basic types of clouds and cloud systems that occur in the atmosphere-fog, stratus, stratocumulus, altocumulus, altostratus, cirrus, thunderstorms, tornadoes, waterspouts, orographically induced clouds, mesoscale convection complexes, hurricanes, fronts, and extratropical cyclones - Summarizes the fundamentals, both observational and theoretical, of atmospheric dynamics, thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, and radar meteorology, allowing each type of cloud to be examined in depth - Integrates the latest field observations, numerical model simulations, and theory - Supplies a theoretical treatment suitable for the advanced undergraduate or graduate level, as well as post-graduate

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydraulic Research in the United States 1968 written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: