Download or read book Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality written by Nicholas Southwood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-11-04 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposes a new model of contractualism based on an interpersonal, deliberative conception of practical reason which answers the twin demands of moral accuracy and explanatory adequacy.
Download or read book Scanlon and Contractualism written by Matt Matravers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection brings together essays by distinguished political philosophers which reflect on the detailed arguments of What We Owe to Each Other, and comment critically both on Scanlon's contractualism and his revised understandings of motivation and morality. The essays illustrate the uses of Scanlon's contractualism by applying it to moral and political problems and in so doing they provide an assessment of the ability of Scanlon's contractualism by applying it to other forms of ethical theory. The resulting volume makes an important and original contribution to the literature on Scanlon, on contractualism and on contemporary political philosophy.
Download or read book Reason Justification and Contractualism written by Markus Stepanians and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-09-20 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects major original essays developed from lectures given at the award of the Lauener Prize 2016 to T. M. Scanlon for his outstanding oeuvre in Analytical philosophy. In "Contractualism and Justification," Scanlon identifies some difficulties in his theory and explores possible ways to deal with them. In "Improving Scanlon’s Contractualism," D. Parfit recommends revisions and extensions of Scanlon’s theory, while R. Forst suggests in "Justification Fundamentalism" that Scanlon may want to replace reason with justification as his foundational concept. T. Nagel raises fundamental questions concerning "Moral Reality and Moral Progress," and S. Mantel offers in "On How to Explain Rational Motivation" a critical discussion of Scanlon’s cognitivist theory of motivation. Z. Stemplowska does the same for Scanlon’s conception of responsibility in "Substantive Responsibility and the Causal Thesis," and S. Olsaretti suggests in "Equality of Opportunity and Justified Inequalities" an alternative to Scanlon’s arguments against economic inequalities. All contributors receive extensive replies by Scanlon. For anyone interested in Scanlon’s seminal work in moral and political philosophy, the present volume is utterly indispensable.
Download or read book Utilitarianism and Beyond written by Amartya Sen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1982-06-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilitarianism considered both as a theory of personal morality and a theory of public choice.
Download or read book Contractualism written by Jussi Suikkanen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element begins by describing T.M. Scanlon's contractualism according to which an action is right when it is authorised by the moral principles no one could reasonably reject. This view has argued to have implausible consequences with regards to how different-sized groups, non-human animals, and cognitively limited human beings should be treated. It has also been accused of being theoretically redundant and unable to vindicate the so-called deontic distinctions. I then distinguish between the general contractualist framework and Scanlon's version of contractualism. I explain how the general framework enables us to formulate many other versions of contractualism some of which can already be found in the literature. Understanding contractualism in this new way enables us both to understand the structural similarities and differences between different versions of contractualism and also to see the different objections to contractualism as internal debates about which version of contractualism is correct.
Download or read book What We Owe to Each Other written by T. M. Scanlon and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-15 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we judge whether an action is morally right or wrong? If an action is wrong, what reason does that give us not to do it? Why should we give such reasons priority over our other concerns and values? In this book, T. M. Scanlon offers new answers to these questions, as they apply to the central part of morality that concerns what we owe to each other. According to his contractualist view, thinking about right and wrong is thinking about what we do in terms that could be justified to others and that they could not reasonably reject. He shows how the special authority of conclusions about right and wrong arises from the value of being related to others in this way, and he shows how familiar moral ideas such as fairness and responsibility can be understood through their role in this process of mutual justification and criticism. Scanlon bases his contractualism on a broader account of reasons, value, and individual well-being that challenges standard views about these crucial notions. He argues that desires do not provide us with reasons, that states of affairs are not the primary bearers of value, and that well-being is not as important for rational decision-making as it is commonly held to be. Scanlon is a pluralist about both moral and non-moral values. He argues that, taking this plurality of values into account, contractualism allows for most of the variability in moral requirements that relativists have claimed, while still accounting for the full force of our judgments of right and wrong.
Download or read book Contractualism and Citizenship written by Terry Carney and published by Federation Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contractualism and Citizenship is a special issue (Volume 18 No 2) of the journal Law in Context. The contents are listed below. You can read the abstract for each chapter by clicking on its title.You can purchase a single copy of this issue through this page, or subscribe to the journal from the journal page.
Download or read book Contractualism and the Foundations of Morality written by Nicholas Southwood and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contractualism has a venerable history and considerable appeal. Yet as an account of the foundations or ultimate grounds of morality it has been thought by many philosophers to be subject to fatal objections. In this book Nicholas Southwood argues otherwise. Beginning by detailing and diagnosing the shortcomings of the existing "Hobbesian" and "Kantian" models of contractualism, he then proposes a novel "deliberative" model, based on an interpersonal, deliberative conception of practical reason. He argues that the deliberative model of contractualism represents an attractive alternative to its more familiar rivals and that it has the resources to offer a more compelling account of morality's foundations, one that does justice to the twin demands of moral accuracy and explanatory adequacy.
Download or read book Rational Commitment and Social Justice written by Jules L. Coleman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-11-13 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays concerned with fundamental issues of rational commitment and social justice to which Kavka devoted his work as a philosopher.
Download or read book The Animals Issue written by Peter Carruthers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-09-24 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Carruthers explores a variety of moral theories, arguing that animals lack direct moral significance.
Download or read book New Contractualism in European Welfare State Policies written by Rune Ervik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ’Golden Age' of the welfare state in Europe was characterised by a strengthening of social rights as citizens became increasingly protected through the collective provision of income security and social services. The oil crisis, inflation and high unemployment of the 1970s largely saw the end of welfare expansion with critical voices claiming the welfare state had created an unbalanced focus on the social rights of individuals, above their responsibilities as citizens. During the 1980s many western countries developed contractual modes of thinking and regulation within welfare policy. Contractualism has proved a significant organising principle for public reforms in general, and for social policy reforms in particular as it embraces both a way of justifying certain welfare policies and of constructing specific socio-legal policy instruments. Engaging with both the critique of the welfare state and the subsequent policy responses, expert contributors in this book examine contractualism as a discourse, comprising principles and justifying ideas, and as a legal and social practice. Covering the international debate on conditionality they discuss European experiences with active social citizenship ideas and contractualism providing individual case studies and comparisons from a wide range of European countries.
Download or read book The Original Position written by Timothy Hinton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores and analyses the continued relevance and ramifications of the original position, the central idea of John Rawls's political philosophy.
Download or read book War by Agreement written by Yitzhak Benbaji and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "War by Agreement presents a new theory on the ethics of war. It shows that wars can be morally justified at both the ad bellum level (the political decision to go to war) and the in bello level (its actual conduct by the military) by accepting a contractarian account of the rules governing war. According to this account, the rules of war are anchored in a mutually beneficial and fair agreement between the relevant players-- the purpose of which is to promote peace and to reduce the horrors of war. The book relies on the long social contract tradition and illustrates its fruitfulness in understanding and developing the morality and the law of war"--
Download or read book Contractarianism Contractualism written by Stephen Darwell and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2002-11-22 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contractualism/Contractarianism collects, for the first time, both major classical sources and central contemporary discussions of these important approaches to philosophical ethics. Edited and introduced by Stephen Darwall, these readings are essential for anyone interested in normative ethics. With a helpful introduction by Stephen Darwall, examines key topics in the contractarian and contractualist moral theory. Includes six contemporary essays which respond to the classic sources. Includes an insightful discussion of contractualism by Gary Watson. Includes classic excerpts by key figures such as Hobbes, Rousseau, and Kant, and recent reactions to this work by philosophers, including David Gauthier, Gilbert Harman, John Rawls, and T. M. Scanlon.
Download or read book Promises and Agreements written by Hanoch Sheinman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-24 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Promises and agreements are everywhere; we make, receive, keep, and break them on a daily basis. The quest to understand these social practices is integral to understanding ourselves as social creatures. The study of promises and agreements is enjoying a renaissance in many areas of social philosophy, including philosophy of language, action theory, normative ethics, value theory, and legal philosophy. This volume is the first collection of philosophical papers on promises and agreements, bringing together sixteen original self-standing contributions to the philosophical literature. The contributors highlight some of the more interesting aspects of the ubiquitous social phenomena of promises and agreements from different philosophical perspectives.
Download or read book The Moral Nexus written by R. Jay Wallace and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Moral Nexus develops and defends a new interpretation of morality—namely, as a set of requirements that connect agents normatively to other persons in a nexus of moral relations. According to this relational interpretation, moral demands are directed to other individuals, who have claims that the agent comply with these demands. Interpersonal morality, so conceived, is the domain of what we owe to each other, insofar as we are each persons with equal moral standing. The book offers an interpretative argument for the relational approach. Specifically, it highlights neglected advantages of this way of understanding the moral domain; explores important theoretical and practical presuppositions of relational moral duties; and considers the normative implications of understanding morality in relational terms. The book features a novel defense of the relational approach to morality, which emphasizes the special significance that moral requirements have, both for agents who are deliberating about what to do and for those who stand to be affected by their actions. The book argues that relational moral requirements can be understood to link us to all individuals whose interests render them vulnerable to our agency, regardless of whether they stand in any prior relationship to us. It also offers fresh accounts of some of the moral phenomena that have seemed to resist treatment in relational terms, showing that the relational interpretation is a viable framework for understanding our specific moral obligations to other people.
Download or read book Contractualism in Employment Services written by E. Sol and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the issue explored are the following: motivation, mobility, and flexibility in the labour market; effect of contractualisation on public accountability and responsibility; effect on the individual's statutory relationship under social security; whether and to what extent the conditions on which one country successfully introduces contractualisation apply to other countries; and, the unemployed individual as 'contract partner': What conditions can he or she set? The analyses focus on experience with contracts as service deliverance in the labour markets of eight countries: Australia, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, and Finland. Because a certain measure of experience has already been built up by governments, providers, and clients, now is the time to try and learn form good as well as bad practices in order to build coherent institutional frameworks to help the unemployed
