Download or read book Continuing Resolutions Latest Action and Brief Overview of Recent Practices written by Sandy Streeter and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is divided into two segments. The first section provides the most recent information on the FY2011 continuing resolutions. The second segment focuses on the history and recent trends, including the nature, scope, and duration of CRs during the past 35 years; CR types by duration; major substantive legislative provisions included in some CRs; and funding gaps.
Download or read book Continuing Resolutions written by Sandy Streeter and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most routine operations of federal departments and agencies are funded each year through the enactment of 12 regular appropriations acts. Because these bills are annual, expiring at the end of the fiscal year (September 30), regular appropriations bills for the subsequent fiscal year must be enacted by October 1. Final action on most regular appropriations bills, however, is frequently delayed beyond the start of the fiscal year. When this occurs, the affected departments and agencies are generally funded under temporary continuing appropriations acts until the final funding decisions become law. Because continuing appropriations acts are generally enacted in the form of joint resolutions, such acts are referred to as continuing resolutions (or CRs). CRs may be divided into two categories based on duration--those that provide interim (or temporary) funding and those that provide funds through the end of the fiscal year. Interim continuing resolutions provide funding until a specific date or until the enactment of the applicable regular appropriations acts, if earlier. Full-year continuing resolutions provide funding in lieu of one or more regular appropriations bills through the end of the fiscal year. Over the past 35 years, the nature, scope, and duration of continuing resolutions gradually expanded. From the early 1970s through 1987, CRs gradually expanded from being used to provide interim funding measures of comparatively brief duration and length to measures providing funding through the end of the fiscal year. The full-year measures included, in some cases, the full text of one or more regular appropriations bills and contained substantive legislation (i.e., provisions under the jurisdiction of committees other than the House and Senate Appropriations Committees). Since 1988, continuing resolutions have primarily been interim funding measures, and included major legislation less frequently. In certain years, delay in the enactment of regular appropriations measures and CRs has led to periods during which appr opriations authority has lapsed. Such periods generally are referred to as funding gaps. Congress and the President completed seven FY2011 interim CRs and one FY2011 full-year CR. On April 15, 2011, the last FY2011 CR, Department of Defense and Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011, P.L. 112-10, became law, completing the FY2011 regular appropriations process more than six months after the start of FY2011. The act includes the FY2011 Department of Defense regular appropriations act and extends funding for the remaining 11 FY2011 regular appropriations acts through the end of FY2011. To provide enough time to resolve differences within Congress and between Congress and the President, Congress enacted seven FY2011 temporary CRs that sequentially extended funding from October 1, 2010, through April 15, 2011. The President signed four during the last Congress (P.L. 111-242, P.L. 111-290, P.L. 111-317, and P.L. 111-322) and three this Congress (P.L. 112-4, P.L. 112-6, and P.L. 112-8). For FY2011, the Congressional Budget Office estimates the final agreement provides a net reduction of $38 billion, in budget authority (or BA), in generally nonemergency discretionary spending compared with the annualized level ($1,087 billion, in BA) that would have been provided in the temporary CRs enacted in 2010.
Download or read book Continuing Resolutions written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because these bills are annual, expiring at the end of the fiscal year (September 30), regular appropriations bills for the subsequent fiscal year must be enacted by October 1. Final action on most regular appropriations bills, however, is frequently delayed beyond the start of the fiscal year. [...] The full-year measures included, in some cases, the full text of one or more regular appropriations bills and contained substantive legislation (i.e., provisions under the jurisdiction of committees other than the House and Senate Appropriations Committees). [...] For those two years, CRs effectively became omnibus appropriations measures for the federal government, incorporating all of the 17 In the first two instances, all 13 regular appropriations bills were enacted individually on or by the start of the fiscal year. [...] The only exception was FY2007; for that year nine of 11 FY2007 regular bills were funded for the entire fiscal year in a continuing resolution.27 During the FY1997-FY2009 period, omnibus regular appropriations bills were generally developed by attaching the language of outstanding regular appropriations bills, as well as substantive legislation, to the conference report on another regular appropri [...] In the latter instances, a new bill to provide regular appropriations for the remainder of the fiscal year must be introduced in the new Congress, since all measures from the previous Congress will have died.
Download or read book Continuing Resolutions written by Sandy Streeter and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most routine operations of federal departments and agencies are funded each year through the enactment of several regular appropriations acts. Since these bills are annual, expiring at the end of the fiscal year (September 30), regular appropriations bills for the subsequent fiscal year must be enacted by October 1. Final action on most regular appropriations bills, however, are frequently delayed beyond the start of the fiscal year. When this occurs, the affected departments and agencies are generally funded under temporary continuing appropriations acts until the final funding decisions become law. Because continuing appropriations acts are generally enacted in the form of joint resolutions, such acts are referred to as continuing resolutions (or CRs). CRs may be divided into two categories based on duration -- those that provide interim (or temporary) funding and those that provide funds through the end of the fiscal year. Interim continuing resolutions provide funding until a specific date or until the enactment of the applicable regular appropriations acts, if earlier. Full-year continuing resolutions provide funding in lieu of one or more regular appropriations bills through the end of the fiscal year. Over the past 35 years, the nature, scope, and duration of continuing resolutions gradually expanded. From the early 1970s through 1987, CRs gradually expanded from being used to provide interim funding measures of comparatively brief duration and length to measures providing funding through the end of the fiscal year. The full-year measures included, in some cases, the full text of one or more regular appropriations bills and contained substantive legislation (i.e., provisions under the jurisdiction of committees other than the House and Senate Appropriations Committees). Since 1988, continuing resolutions have primarily been interim funding measures, and included major legislation less frequently. In certain years, delay in the enactment of regular appropriations measures and CRs has led to periods during which appropriations authority has lapsed. Such periods generally are referred to as funding gaps. Since Congress had not completed action on any of the 12 FY2009 regular appropriations bills, the House and Senate passed the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 (FY2009 consolidated act, H.R. 2638), on September 24 and 27, 2008, respectively, clearing the measure for the President's signature on September 30 (P.L. 110-329). This act, in part, extends funding for nine regular appropriations bills through March 6, 2009, at last year's funding levels, and it provides full-year funding for and completes action on the remaining three FY2009 regular appropriations acts. These acts are (1) Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2009; (2) Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2009; and (3) Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2009. Congress passed the FY2009 consolidated act in the form of an "amendment between the houses" to H.R. 2638, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2009, replacing that text, with the FY2009 omnibus act.
Download or read book Continuing Resolutions written by Sandy Streeter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most routine operations of federal departments and agencies are funded each year through the enactment of several regular appropriations acts. Since these bills are annual, expiring at the end of the fiscal year (September 30), regular appropriations bills for the subsequent fiscal year must be enacted by October 1. Final action on most regular appropriations bills, however, are frequently delayed beyond the start of the fiscal year. When this occurs, the affected departments and agencies are generally funded under temporary continuing appropriations acts until the final funding decisions become law. Because continuing appropriations acts are generally enacted in the form of joint resolutions, such acts are referred to as continuing resolutions (or CRs). CRs may be divided into two categories based on duration -- those that provide interim (or temporary) funding and those that provide funds through the end of the fiscal year. Interim continuing resolutions provide funding until a specific date or until the enactment of the applicable regular appropriations acts, if earlier. Full-year continuing resolutions provide funding in lieu of one or more regular appropriations bills through the end of the fiscal year. Over the past 35 years, the nature, scope, and duration of continuing resolutions gradually expanded. From the early 1970s through 1987, CRs gradually expanded from being used to provide interim funding measures of comparatively brief duration and length to measures providing funding through the end of the fiscal year. The full-year measures included, in some cases, the full text of one or more regular appropriations bills and contained substantive legislation (i.e., provisions under the jurisdiction of committees other than the House and Senate Appropriations Committees). Since 1988, continuing resolutions have primarily been interim funding measures, and included major legislation less frequently. In certain years, delay in the enactment of regular appropriations measures and CRs has led to periods during which appropriations authority has lapsed. Such periods generally are referred to as funding gaps. Since Congress had not completed action on any of the 12 FY2009 regular appropriations bills, the House and Senate passed the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 (FY2009 consolidated act, H.R. 2638), on September 24 and 27, 2008, respectively, clearing the measure for the President's signature on September 30 (P.L. 110-329). This act, in part, extends funding for nine regular appropriations bills through March 6, 2009, at last year's funding levels, and it provides full-year funding for and completes action on the remaining three FY2009 regular appropriations acts. These acts are (1) Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2009; (2) Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2009; and (3) Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Appropriations Act, 2009. Congress passed the FY2009 consolidated act in the form of an "amendment between the houses" to H.R. 2638, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2009, replacing that text, with the FY2009 omnibus act.
Download or read book Continuing Resolutions written by James V. Saturno and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the components of Continuing Resolutions (CRs) and a longitudinal analysis of recent congressional practices. Consequently, the data and analysis in this report are inclusive of all appropriations acts entitled or otherwise designated as providing continuing appropriations. The first section of this report explains six of the possible main components of CRs: coverage, duration, funding rate, restrictions on new activities, anomalies, and legislative provisions. The second section discusses the enactment of regular appropriations prior to the start of the fiscal year and the number of regular appropriations bills enacted through a CR since FY1977. The third section analyzes variations in the number and duration of CRs enacted each fiscal year since FY1997, the most recent fiscal year that all regular appropriations were enacted on time. Finally, the fourth section of this report discusses the features of the 15 CRs that provided funding through the remainder of the fiscal year since FY1977. A list of all CRs enacted between FY1977 and FY2016 is provided at the end of this report in Table 4.
Download or read book Duration of Continuing Resolutions CR in Recent Years written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Federal Budget Process V 2 written by Bill Heniff Jr. and published by The Capitol Net Inc. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Budgeting for the federal government is an enormously complex process. It entails dozens of subprocesses, countless rules and procedures, the efforts of tens of thousands of staff persons in the executive and legislative branches, and the active participation of the President, congressional leaders, Members of Congress, and members of the executive branch. This analysis shows the various elements of the federal budget process including the President's budget submission, framework, timetable, the budget resolution, reconciliation, the "Byrd Rule," appropriations, authorizations, and budget execution. Congress is distinguished from nearly every other legislature in the world by the control it exercises over fashioning the government's budgetary policies. This power, referred to as "the power of the purse," ensures Congress' primary role in setting revenue and borrowing policies for the federal government and in determining how these resources are spent. The congressional power of the purse derives from several key provisions in the Constitution. Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 (Power to tax and spend) declares in part that Congress shall have the power to raise (that is, "to lay and collect") revenues of various types, including taxes and duties, among other things. Article I, Section 8, Clause 2 (Borrowing power) declares that the power to borrow funds "on the credit of the United States" belongs to Congress. In addition to its powers regarding revenues and borrowing, Congress exerts control over the expenditure of funds. Article I, Section 9, Clause 7 declares in part that funds can be withdrawn from the Treasury only pursuant to laws that make appropriations. Under the Constitution, revenue measures must originate in the House of Representatives. Beyond this requirement, however, the Constitution does not prescribe how the House and Senate should organize themselves, or the procedures they should use, to conduct budgeting. Over the years, however, both chambers have developed an extensive set of rules (some set forth in statute) and precedents that lay out complicated, multiple processes for making budgetary decisions. The House and Senate have also created an intricate committee system to support these processes. As American society has grown and become ever more complex, and as the role of the federal government in the national economy has steadily expanded, Congress also has increasingly shared power over budgetary matters with the president and the executive branch. It has refashioned the president’s role in budgeting by requiring him to submit to Congress each year a budget for the entire federal government and giving him responsibilities for monitoring agencies’ implementation of spending and revenue laws. Accordingly, the president also exercises considerable influence over key budget decisions. Table of Contents 1. "Introduction to the Federal Budget Process," CRS Report 98-721, December 3, 2012 (38-page PDF) 2. "The Executive Budget Process: An Overview," CRS Report R42633, July 27, 2012 3. "The Executive Budget Process Timetable," CRS Report RS20152, December 5, 2012 (8-page PDF) 4. "The Congressional Budget Process: A Brief Overview," CRS Report RS20095, August 22, 2011 5. "Budget Resolution Enforcement," CRS Report 98-815, August 12, 2008 6. "Deeming Resolutions: Budget Enforcement in the Absence of a Budget Resolution," CRS Report R44296, June 26, 2017 7. "Legislating in Congress: Federal Budget Process," Contributing Author Bill Heniff Jr., with updates by Robert Keith and Megan Lynch 8. "The Budget Reconciliation Process: Stages of Consideration," CRS Report R44058, January 4, 2017 9. "The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate's 'Byrd Rule'," CRS Report RL30862, November 22, 2016 (44-page PDF) 10. "The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction," CRS Report R42388, November 30, 2016 (28-page PDF) 11. "Allocations and Subdivisions in the Congressional Budget Process," CRS Report RS20144, November 29, 2010 12. "Omnibus Appropriations Acts: Overview of Recent Practices," CRS Report RL32473, January 14, 2016 13. "Appropriations Report Language: Overview of Development, Components, and Issues for Congress," CRS Report R44124 July 28, 2015 14. "Overview of the Authorization-Appropriations Process," CRS Report RS20371, November 26, 2012 (5-page PDF) 15. "Points of Order in the Congressional Budget Process," CRS Report 97-865, October 20, 2015 (21-page PDF) 16. "The Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions," CRS Report R44874, February 23, 2018 17. "Budget 'Sequestration' and Selected Program Exemptions and Special Rules," CRS Report R42050, June 13, 2013 (35-page PDF) 18. "Continuing Resolutions: Overview of Components and Recent Practices," CRS Report R42647, January 14, 2016 19. Additional Resources Federal Budget Links and Research Tools Laws, web sites, and books TCNBudget.com Custom On-Site Training Understanding Congressional Budgeting and Appropriations, TCNUCBA.com Advanced Federal Budget Process, TCNAFBP.com Congressional Dynamics and the Legislative Process, TCNCDLP.com Capitol Learning Audio Courses TM Appropriations Process in a Nutshell with James Saturno, ISBN 1-58733-043-1 Authorizations and Appropriations in a Nutshell with James Saturno, ISBN 1-58733-029-6 The Federal Budget Process with Philip Joyce, ISBN 1-58733-083-0 IndexFederalBudgetProcess.com
Download or read book Interim Continuing Resolutions CRs written by Clinton T. Brass and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuing appropriations acts (AA), commonly known as CRs, have been an integral component of the AA process for decades. When Congress and the Pres. do not reach final decisions about regular AA, they often negotiate and enact a CR. Two types of CRs are used. An ¿interim¿ CR provides agencies with stopgap funding for a period of time until final appropriations decisions are made. A ¿full-year¿ CR, by contrast, provides final funding amounts for the remainder of a fiscal year in lieu of one or more regular AA. If interim or full-year appropriations are not enacted, a funding gap and gov¿t. shutdown occur for affected agencies and programs. This report analyzes potential impacts that interim CRs might have on agency operations. A print on demand report.
Download or read book Continuing Appropriations Acts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the Constitution and federal law, no funds may be drawn from the U.S. Treasury or obligated by federal officials unless appropriated by law.2 Normally, most of the operations of federal departments and agencies are funded each year through the separate enactment of 13 regular appropriations acts.3 However, it is not unusual for the enactment of one or more of these acts to be delayed beyond the beginning of the fiscal year on October 1.4 When this occurs, affected departments and agencies usually are funded under one or more continuing appropriations acts. Because continuing appropriations acts typically are enacted in the form of a joint resolution, such acts are referred to as continuing resolutions (or CRs). Beginning in the early 1970s, a sustained period of heightened budgetary conflict, caused in part by persistent deficits and other factors, led to changes in the nature of continuing resolutions. In some years, this conflict greatly complicated their timely enactment. On occasion, such conflict has prevented agreement even on short-term funding extensions. When this occurs, the ensuing period of lapsed appropriations is known as a funding gap. During late 1995 and early 1996, two funding gaps occurred, forcing affected federal departments and agencies to shut down non-essential activities.
Download or read book A People s Guide to the Federal Budget written by Mattea Kramer et al /National Priorities Project and published by Interlink Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From history of the budget process to detail about the ongoing conflict in Washington, from charts explaining where every federal dollar goes to simple explanations of budget terminology, this book covers it all. A People’s Guide to the Federal Budget is for every American who wants to understand and participate in a process that affects all of us. It serves as a foundation for the novice reader, a reference tool for a more advanced audience, and is perfect for high school and college classroom use. Released to coincide with the fiscal year 2013 budget process and the 2012 presidential election, this guide includes up-to-the-minute numbers and explanation of President Obama’s 2013 budget request.
Download or read book Federal Budget written by Mindy R. Levit and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several fiscal years the imbalance between U.S. gov¿t. spending and revenues has grown as a result of the economic downturn and policies enacted in response to financial turmoil. In FY 2010, the U.S. government spent $3,456 billion and collected $2,162 billion in revenue, resulting in a budget deficit of $1,294 billion. Contents of this report: (1) Overview: Budget Cycle; Budget Baseline Projections; Spending and Revenue Trends; Deficits, Debt, and Interest; (2) Budgeting in Tough Economic Times: Fed. Response to Economic and Financial Market Turmoil; Budget Deficit Estimates for FY 2011; Budget for FY 2012; (3) Considerations for Congress: Short-and Long-Term Considerations. Illustrations. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book A Glossary of Terms Used in the Federal Budget Process written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-12 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A basic reference document for persons interested in the federal budget-making process. Emphasizes budget terms in addition to relevant economic and accounting terms to help the user appreciate the dynamics of the budget process. Also distinguishes between any differences in budgetary and non-budgetary meanings of terms. Over 300 terms defined. Index. Appendices: overview of the federal budget process, budget functional classification, and more.
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Download or read book Congressional Appropriations Process written by Sandy Streeter and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Introduction; (2) Annual Appropriations Cycle: President Submits Budget; Congress Adopts Budget Resolution; Timetable for Consideration of Appropriations Measures; Work of the Appropriations Committees; House and Senate Floor Action: House; Senate; House and Senate Conference Action; Presidential Action; (3) Types of Appropriations Measures; Regular Appropriations Bills; Continuing Resolutions; Supplemental Appropriations Measures; (4) Spending Ceilings for Appropriations Measures; Allocations; Enforcement: House; Senate; Emergency Spending; (5) Relationship Between Authorization and Appropriation Measures; (6) Rescissions. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Military Construction written by Daniel H. Else and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on those government activities funded under the FY 2012 military construction (MC) appropriation, examines trends in MC funding, and outlines MC issues extant in each of the major regions of U.S. military activity. Contents of this report: (1) MC Funding Trends, FY 2010-FY 2012; (2) Appropriations Overview: FY 2012 MC Authorization and Appropriations; MC Funding Levels, FY 2010-FY 2012; (3) Regional Command Construction Issues: Northern Command; Pacific Command: MCAS Futenma Replacement; Guam Redeployment; Korea Transformation; European Command; Africa Command; Central Command; (3) FY 2011 Continuing Appropriations; (4) FY 2012 Appropriations. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Deficits Debt and American Politics written by Marc Allen Eisner and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For most of the history of the United States, periods of growing indebtedness—a product of wars and economic crises—were followed by reductions in the debt-to-GDP ratio." But why have the last several decades failed to follow this pattern, leaving the national debt at its highest level since World War II? In this groundbreaking new book, author Marc Allen Eisner, who has devoted most of his scholarly career to studying the evolution of the US political economy, explores the significant changes in the fiscal conditions of the United States during the postwar period, embedding the discussion in a broader historical context. He demonstrates that the national debt is in part a product of reduced revenues and the growing costs of the largest entitlement programs, but it also reflects a long series of shocks, including two wars, the financial crisis and Great Recession, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Deficits, Debt, and American Politics chronicles the history of the US debt in the postwar period, placed in the context of broader changes in the political economy and partisan politics. But it grounds this exploration in reader-friendly, chapter-length discussions of public finance, taxation, mandatory spending, and the budgetary process from a policy perspective. The volume concludes with a discussion of the challenges of comprehensive tax and program reforms in the current political climate. Deficits, Debt, and American Politics assumes little prior knowledge on the part of the reader, making it an ideal book for courses on public policy and political economy taught at both the upper-level undergraduate and graduate level. The material on public finance, long-term trends in taxation and spending, and the budgetary process, often relegated to descriptive texts, will be invaluable in courses engaging the deficit and debt.