Download or read book Contextual and Child History Predictors of Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Foster Children written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foster children experience behavior problems at a much greater rate than their community counterparts. These increased behavior problems lead to undesirable outcomes, such as a greater number of placements, less academic success, and a lower likelihood of reunification with the biological parents. Research on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in foster children has yet to produce any definitive conclusions on what predicts high levels of child behavior problems. This study aims to contribute to current research on foster children's behavior problems by analyzing a more comprehensive set of predictors comprising child history and contextual variables. Child history predictors include the reason for removal from the child's primary caregivers, the number of prior placements, and the type of prior placements. Contextual predictors include the child's placement in kinship vs. non- kinship care, the number of other children in the home, the length of time in the present placement, the foster parent's stress level, presence of a sibling, and the behavior problems of the other children in the home. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to assess internalizing and externalizing behavior problems using raw scores. A linear hierarchical regression was used to assess each set of predictor's effect on behavior problems as well as each individual predictor's effect. Participants were 354 foster children from San Diego County whose foster or kinship parents are participants in KEEP, a foster parent training intervention. Data were collected at the baseline of the intervention program prior to any intervention services using parent phone interviews. Results indicate that as a set, the contextual variables predicted a significant and unique amount of variability in the child's internalizing and externalizing behavior scores. Specifically, greater externalizing behavior scores were associated with the child's placement in a non-kinship home, a non-ethnically matched child-parent pair, higher parent stress scores, and higher internalizing behavior scores for the child. Greater internalizing behavior scores were associated with higher parent stress scores, higher sibling externalizing behavior scores, and higher externalizing behavior scores for the child. Implications for intervention services are discussed, particularly the importance of assessing the child's foster home environment when addressing the child's behavior problems.

Download or read book Parenting Matters written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.

Download or read book Parenting Stress written by Kirby Deater-Deckard and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All parents experience stress as they attempt to meet the challenges of caring for their children. This comprehensive book examines the causes and consequences of parenting distress, drawing on a wide array of findings in current empirical research. Kirby Deater-Deckard explores normal and pathological parenting stress, the influences of parents on their children as well as children on their parents, and the effects of biological and environmental factors. Beginning with an overview of theories of stress and coping, Deater-Deckard goes on to describe how parenting stress is linked with problems in adult and child health (emotional problems, developmental disorders, illness); parental behaviors (warmth, harsh discipline); and factors outside the family (marital quality, work roles, cultural influences). The book concludes with a useful review of coping strategies and interventions that have been demonstrated to alleviate parenting stress.

Download or read book Foster Placements written by Ian Sinclair and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on exhaustive research, the authors discuss the primary concerns in foster placement planning. By monitoring and describing the individual characteristics of the child within their placement, we are able to discover what types of support are most beneficial.

Download or read book Children in Foster Care written by James Barber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-08-02 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers, practitioners, journalists and politicians increasingly recognise that foster care throughout the world is in a state of crisis. There are more and more children needing care and, as residential alternatives dry up, more of these children are being assigned to foster families. This book reports the major findings of a two-year longitudinal study of 235 such children who entered the foster care system in Southern Australia between 1998 and 1999. As well as examining the changing policy context of children's services, the book documents the psychosocial outcomes for these children, their feedback on their experiences of care, and the views of their social workers and carers. In the process, the book examines some cherished beliefs about foster care policy and sheds new light on them. The research reveals that while most children do quite well in foster care up to the two-year point, there is a worrying amount of placement instability at a time when the concentration of emotionally troubled children in care is increasing throughout the western world. Although, surprisingly, placement instability does not appear to produce psychosocial impairment for a period of up to eight months in care, it has an extreme effect on children who are moved from placement to placement because no carer will tolerate their behaviour. These children are consigned to a life of distribution and emotional upheaval because of the lack of alternative forms of care. Another unexpected finding of the research is that increasing the rate of parental contact achieves little or nothing in relation to the likelihood of family reunification. As child welfare increasingly enters a world of research-based practice, Children in Foster Care provides some much needed hard evidence of how foster care policy and practice can be improved.

Download or read book Fostering Resilient Development written by Susan Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although research has documented a significant link between child maltreatment and behavior problems, less attention has been paid to the factors influencing diverse internalizing and externalizing behavioral pathways among maltreated children. Guided by developmental psychopathology and Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, this study examined heterogeneity in developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among young maltreated children and identified risk and protective factors that shape various behavior trajectory patterns. Secondary longitudinal research was conducted using data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW-I). The study sample included 541 children who were ages of 4 and 5 years at baseline. Growth mixture modeling and multinomial logistic regression were used to identify distinctive behavior trajectory subgroups and to examine maltreatment characteristics and multi-level protective factors as predictors of trajectory group membership. Three distinctive behavior trajectory subgroups were identified for both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The three internalizing behavior trajectory groups included: decreasing (9%); increasing-stable (16%); and consistently low (75%). The three externalizing behavior trajectory groups included: high-decreasing (14%); increasing (13%); and consistently low (73%). Emotional abuse and severe harm from maltreatment predicted membership in the decreasing internalizing behavior group whereas sexual abuse and neglect predicted membership in the increasing-stable internalizing behavior group. Emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and earlier onset of maltreatment predicted membership in the high-decreasing externalizing behavior group. On the contrary, child prosocial skills and caregiver well-being were found to decrease the probability of membership in the decreasing internalizing, increasing-stable internalizing, and high-decreasing externalizing behavior groups. Findings suggest the importance of providing a thorough assessment of maltreatment experiences (e.g., type, level of harm, timing) and continued monitoring of behavioral development for children who were investigated by child protective services (CPS) for maltreatment. In addition, targeted interventions should be delivered to children with emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, earlier onset, and more severe level of harm from maltreatment as these children are at higher risk of following poor internalizing and externalizing trajectories. Furthermore, interventions need to focus on enhancing child prosocial skills and caregiver well-being in order to prevent negative behavioral pathways among maltreated children.

Download or read book Interparental Conflict and Child Development written by John Howard Grych and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-03-19 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interparental Conflict and Child Development provides an in-depth analysis of the rapidly expanding body of research on the impact of interparental conflict on children. Emphasizing developmental and family systems perspectives, it investigates a range of important issues, including the processes by which exposure to conflict may lead to child maladjustment, the role of gender and ethnicity in understanding the effects of conflict, the influence of conflict on parent-child, sibling, and peer relations, family violence, and interparental conflict in divorced and step-families.

Download or read book Attachment Theory and Research written by Jeffry A. Simpson and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-02-20 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume showcases the latest theoretical and empirical work from some of the top scholars in attachment. Extending classic themes and describing important new applications, the book examines several ways in which attachment processes help explain how people think, feel, and behave in different situations and at different stages in the life cycle. Topics include the effects of early experiences on adult relationships; new developments in neuroscience and genetics; attachment orientations and parenting; connections between attachment and psychopathology, as well as health outcomes; and the relationship of attachment theory and processes to clinical interventions.

Download or read book Latent Profiles of Ecological Risk and Protective Factors as Predictors of Subsequent Child Behavior Problems and the Mediating Role of Maternal Sensitivity Among Low income Families written by Tangeria R.. Adams and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To understand the patterns of stressors and strengths in low-income families that differentially affect behavior problems among young children, this dissertation first investigated distinct profiles of low-income families based on family- and neighborhood-level risk and protective factors. Variations in emergent child behavior problems predicted by the ecological profiles were then examined. Finally, parenting behaviors were explored as mediating mechanisms connecting ecological profiles and subsequent child behavior challenges. Participants included racially and ethnically diverse, low-income, non-treatment-seeking depressed (n = 73) and non-depressed (n = 55) mothers with 12-month-old infants. Constructs assessed were maternal depression; maternal trauma history and symptoms, parenting stress; social support; infant temperament; maternal expressed emotion on child; maternal sensitivity; child internalizing and externalizing behaviors; geocoded 2000 U.S. Census block group data: proportion of (1) residential vacancies, (2) rent-burdened families, (3) renter-occupied properties, (4) single, low-income female-headed households with related children under 18-years-old; and geocoded 2000 Census tract violent crime data. Ecological profiles were derived using latent profile analysis (LPA) at Time 1 (child aged 12-months). The differential influence of ecological profiles at Time 1 on child behavior problems at Time 3 (child aged 36-months) was examined. Finally, maternal sensitivity and maternal expressed emotion at Time 2 (child aged 26-months) were investigated as mediating mechanisms on these associations. Historical and baseline psychosocial indicators were used for the LPA and a longitudinal design was used for the regression and mediation models. The LPA identified three distinct groups of low-income families: (1) a Low Risk/Resilient profile, which typified families with low maternal psychopathology, high social support, and who lived in less disadvantaged neighborhoods, despite their low-income status (2) a Depressed and Stressed profile, which characterized families with high maternal depressive symptoms and parenting stress, and (3) a Depressed and Traumatized profile, which represented families with both severe maternal depressive and trauma symptoms. Support was found for significant differences on child behavior problems based on the ecological profiles. Maternal sensitivity also emerged as a partial relative mediator in the association between ecological profiles and child behavior problems. The findings have a number of important clinical and policy implications for low-income families."--Pages xiv-xv.

Download or read book Depression in Parents Parenting and Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increase the risk of children developing mental, behavioral and social problems. Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children highlights disparities in the prevalence, identification, treatment, and prevention of parental depression among different sociodemographic populations. It also outlines strategies for effective intervention and identifies the need for a more interdisciplinary approach that takes biological, psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and social contexts into consideration. A major challenge to the effective management of parental depression is developing a treatment and prevention strategy that can be introduced within a two-generation framework, conducive for parents and their children. Thus far, both the federal and state response to the problem has been fragmented, poorly funded, and lacking proper oversight. This study examines options for widespread implementation of best practices as well as strategies that can be effective in diverse service settings for diverse populations of children and their families. The delivery of adequate screening and successful detection and treatment of a depressive illness and prevention of its effects on parenting and the health of children is a formidable challenge to modern health care systems. This study offers seven solid recommendations designed to increase awareness about and remove barriers to care for both the depressed adult and prevention of effects in the child. The report will be of particular interest to federal health officers, mental and behavioral health providers in diverse parts of health care delivery systems, health policy staff, state legislators, and the general public.

Download or read book Child Maltreatment Surveillance written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the child maltreatment uniform definitions and recommended data elements is to present a definition of child maltreatment, its associated terms, and recommended data elements for voluntary use by individuals and organizations in the public health community. The definitions and data elements are intended to promote and improve consistency of child maltreatment surveillance for public health practices. It is designed to be used by state and local health department staff to assist in and provide a framework for the collection of public health surveillance data on child maltreatment. The definitions included in the document draw upon definitions that are currently in use in the literature and were adapted in collaboration with a panel of experts on child maltreatment and public health surveillance. The definitions and data elements are designed be flexible tools for developing an ongoing surveillance system. Agencies that use the document can modify data elements to fit their system. This document is the third in a series of Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements which includes: Intimate Partner Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements and Sexual Violence Surveillance: Uniform Definitions and Recommended Data Elements.

Download or read book The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment written by J. Bart Klika and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Edition of The APSAC Handbook on Child Maltreatment provides readers with the most up-to-date theory, research, and best practices in the field of child abuse and neglect. Edited by leading experts J. Bart Klika and Jon R. Conte, this best seller covers all aspects of child maltreatment, from physical abuse to sexual abuse and neglect, focusing on etiology, consequences, investigation, and treatment and systems. Updates include new content on assessment and mental health interventions, prevention, as well as global perspectives. Comprehensive and easy to read, the handbook will serve as an invaluable resource for students and professionals—both emerging and seasoned—across disciplines, but part of the same movement dedicated to improving the lives of maltreated children.

Download or read book An Investigation of Child and Family Factors Predicting Parental Response to Children s Conduct Problems written by Samantha Gambill and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research suggests that parental concerns about offspring adjustment, if carefully elicited, predict future mental health problems among children who might otherwise appear to be at low risk for developmental problems. Many parents, however, either overestimate or underestimate the significance of their children's behavior problems. These findings indicate the importance of studying the source(s) of inaccuracies in parental concerns. To date, however, little research has considered familial, dispositional, and contextual factors that predict 1) whether or not a parent becomes concerned about their child's behavior problems, 2) whether or not a parent becomes concerned about their child's behavior above and beyond the presence of behavioral problems, and 3) whether parental concerns accurately reflect the severity of conduct problems. Results indicated that, when all factors were considered together with the exclusion of externalizing problems, sum of mother reported stress, child management behaviors, as well as SES were significant predictors of parental concern. However, only SES remained significant as a predictor of parental concern above and beyond the presence of externalizing problems. No interaction effects were significant in this study; thus, this study was not able to identify any factors that influenced the accuracy of concerns as they relate to severity of conduct problems.

Download or read book Parent Child Interaction Therapy written by Toni L. Hembree-Kigin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide offers mental health professionals a detailed, step-by-step description on how to conduct Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) - the empirically validated training program for parents with children who have disruptive behavior problems. It includes several illustrative examples and vignettes as well as an appendix with assessment instruments to help parents to conduct PCIT.

Download or read book The Relations Among Multiple Risks Parenting Styles and Chinese American Children s Internalizing and Externalizing Problems written by Xiao Tong Tao and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examined the prospective effects of multiple risks on the internalizing and externalizing problems of 258 1st and 2nd generation Chinese American school-aged children, as well as the mediating and moderating roles of parenting styles. When examining the relations between risk domains and children's behavioral adjustment, children's low self-regulation and negative emotionality, single-parent family structure, and gaps in parent-child cultural orientations were found to be unique predictors of adjustment outcomes two years later. The multiple risk index, which represented the joint effects of uniquely predictive risk variables, was related to higher levels of child-reported internalizing and externalizing problems. Similarly, the cumulative risk index, which represented the number of risk factor exposures, was also associated with increased internalizing and externalizing problems as reported by children. Though we did not find support for parenting styles as mediators, results did indicate that authoritarian parenting interacted with the multiple and cumulative risk indexes. High authoritarian parenting had a tendency to strengthen the relation between the multiple risk index and increased teacher-reported internalizing problems, while low authoritarian parenting had a tendency to attenuate the relation between cumulative risk and parent-reported internalizing problems.

Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.

Download or read book Handbook of Marriage and the Family written by Gary W. Peterson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of Handbook of Marriage and the Family describes, analyzes, synthesizes, and critiques the current research and theory about family relationships, family structural variations, and the role of families in society. This updated Handbook provides the most comprehensive state-of-the art assessment of the existing knowledge of family life, with particular attention to variations due to gender, socioeconomic, race, ethnic, cultural, and life-style diversity. The Handbook also aims to provide the best synthesis of our existing scholarship on families that will be a primary source for scholars and professionals but also serve as the primary graduate text for graduate courses on family relationships and the roles of families in society. In addition, the involvement of chapter authors from a variety of fields including family psychology, family sociology, child development, family studies, public health, and family therapy, gives the Handbook a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary framework.