Download or read book Capacity Mechanisms in the EU Energy Markets written by Leigh Hancher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-13 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capacity remuneration mechanisms (or simply capacity mechanisms) have become a fact of life in member states' energy markets and are one of the hottest topics in the wider European regulatory debate. Concerned about the security of electricity supply, national governments are implementing subsidy schemes to encourage investment in conventional power generation capacity, alongside already heavily subsidized renewable energy sources. With the increasingly connected European electricity markets, the introduction of a capacity mechanism in one country not only tends to distort its national market but may also have unforeseeable consequences for neighbouring electricity markets. As these mechanisms are adopted by member states with limited supra-national coordination as well as consideration for the cross-border impact, they tend to cause serious market distortions and put the future of the European internal electricity market at risk. This second edition will take stock of how capacity mechanisms have actually worked so far and consider the consequences they have for the European internal electricity market. It will include a detailed overview of national capacity mechanisms, their implications for the EU internal market, and will outline the nature of market failures which are likely to occur in the European electricity markets. This edition is intended to serve as a point of reference for regulators and policy-makers on how to design optimal capacity mechanisms in Europe. It will be an invaluable resource for anyone interested in energy market design, regulation, and competition issues.

Download or read book Capacity Mechanisms in the EU Energy Market written by Leigh Hancher and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensuring an adequate, long-term energy supply is a paramount concern in Europe. EU member states now intervene by encouraging investment in generation capacity, offering an additional revenue stream for conventional power plants in addition to the existing, heavily subsidised investments in renewable energy sources. These capacity remuneration mechanisms (or simply capacity mechanisms) have become a hot topic in the wider European regulatory debate. European electricity markets are increasingly interconnected, so the introduction of a capacity mechanism in one country not only distorts its national market but may have unforeseeable consequences for neighbouring electricity markets. If these mechanisms are adopted by several member states with no supra-national coordination and no consideration for their cross-border impact, they may cause serious market distortions and put the future of the European internal electricity market at risk. This book provides readers with an in-depth analysis of capacity mechanisms, written by an expert team of policy-makers, economists, and legal professionals. It will be a first point of reference for regulators and policy-makers responsible for designing optimal capacity mechanisms in Europe, and will be an invaluable resource for academics and practitioners in the fields of energy, regulation, and competition.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Financial Regulation written by Emilios Avgouleas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of cutting-edge scholarship examines the law and policy of financial regulation using a combination of conceptual analysis and strong empirical research. The book's authors range from global leaders to rising stars in the field, all of whom shed light on complex questions of financial sector regulation theory and practice in key economies ranging from the EU to China. Key topics include the role of law in constituting financial markets, the efficiency of markets, the role of interest groups in shaping financial regulation, the interdependence and interactions of international financial regulation with international trade and monetary regimes, and problems of regulation in state capitalism economies. This exciting volume opens the road for further enrichment of the academic and policy-making dialogue on financial regulation and regulatory practice, and reflects new trends in legal and social-science scholarship.

Download or read book Secured Finance Law in China and Hong Kong written by Mark Williams and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-14 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines systematically the current systems of secured lending in China and Hong Kong, where companies or individuals offer personal property as security for credit advanced by a lender. Valid and enforceable security reduces the risk to the lender and so lowers the cost of credit to the borrower. However, the Hong Kong system, being largely derived from English law, is highly complex and in need of root-and-branch reform. The forces of inaction have triumphed and valuable opportunities to create a modern, rational and efficient system have been squandered. In China, on the other hand, a completely new system has been created in the last twenty years which, whilst it has various problems and defects, has some notable advantages over the common law equivalent found in Hong Kong.

Download or read book Electricity market reform written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Energy and Climate Change Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over one hundred billion pounds of investment is needed by 2020 to replace the UK's aging power stations, cut carbon emissions and maintain energy security. Government proposals for Electricity Market Reform (EMR) are supposed to encourage power companies to deliver clean affordable energy. But the Energy and Climate Change Committee is concerned that the current proposals are over-complex and could fail to attract the £110 billion investment needed in electricity generation alone by 2020. It is calling on the Government to simplify its package of reforms to provide a more certain framework for investors. The starting point for EMR should be a clearly defined objective to reduce the carbon intensity of electricity generation in the UK to 50g of CO2 per kilowatt hour (KWh) by 2030. The wholesale market should be fundamentally reformed to break up the dominance of the Big Six energy companies, in order to allow new entrants to invest in the UK and improve the liquidity of the market. The long term contracts designed to encourage low carbon energy sources - known as Feed-in-Tariffs with Contracts for Difference - will work for nuclear, but different types of contract are needed for renewables and other clean technologies. The Carbon Price Support is a necessary short term solution to weaknesses in the EU Emission Trading System, but will increase costs for consumers and could provide a windfall for nuclear and renewables generators. The MPs also call on the Government to be clear about the effect that reforms will have on energy bills.

Download or read book The Sustainable City XV written by S. Syngellakis and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consisting of presented papers from the 15th International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, the included works address various aspects of the urban environment and provide solutions leading towards sustainability. Urban areas result in a series of environmental challenges varying from the consumption of natural resources and the subsequent generation of waste and pollution, contributing to the development of social and economic imbalances. As cities continue to grow all over the world, these problems tend to become more acute and require the development of new solutions. The challenge of planning sustainable contemporary cities lies in considering the dynamics of urban systems, exchange of energy and matter, and the function and maintenance of ordered structures directly or indirectly supplied and maintained by natural systems. The task of researchers is to improve the capacity to manage human activities, pursuing welfare and prosperity in the urban environment. Any investigation or planning on a city ought to consider the relationships between the parts and their connections with the living world. The dynamics of its networks (flows of energy matter, people, goods, information and other resources) are fundamental for an understanding of the evolving nature of today’s cities. Large cities represent a fertile ground for architects, engineers, city planners, social and political scientists, and other professionals able to conceive new ideas and time them according to technological advances and human requirements. Coastal areas and coastal cities are an important area covered in this volume as they have some specific features. Their strategic location facilitates transportation and the development of related activities, but this requires the existence of large ports, with the corresponding increase in maritime and road traffic and all its inherent negative effects. This requires the development of well-planned and managed urban environments, not only for reasons of efficiency and economics but also to avoid inflicting environmental degradation that causes the deterioration of natural resources, quality of life and human health. These research papers put a focus on sustainability across the multidisciplinary components of urban planning, the challenges presented by the increasing size of cities, the number of resources required and the complexity of modern society.

Download or read book The Reform of Class and Representative Actions in European Legal Systems written by Christopher Hodges and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2008-10-07 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the principal trends and policy goals relating to collective redress mechanisms in Europe. It identifies three principal areas in which procedures and debates have emerged: within consumer protection and competition law, and from some national court systems. It identifies differing national models of public and private enforcement in consumer protection law in the Member States, and the search for more efficient and inclusive procedures that would deliver increased access to justice and enhanced compliance with desired standards (arguably through deterrence). A sequence of case studies illustrates the pros and cons of differing models. Lessons are also drawn from the experience of class actions in the USA over the transactional costs of private law mechanisms, and adverse economic consequences. The various policy strands are unravelled and prioritised, and options for the future are recommended. The American 'private enforcement' model is contrasted with the more prevalent European public and mediated enforcement tradition. New developments involving Ombudsmen and oversight of compensation by public enforcement bodies are identified, and underlying theories of restorative justice and responsive regulation discussed. Public, private, formal, informal, ADR and voluntary methodologies are evaluated against criteria, and it is concluded that the optimal options for collective redress in Europe involve a combination of approaches, with priority given to public and voluntary solutions over private court-based mechanisms. "Reform of collective redress is the hottest topic in European civil justice today. Dr. Hodges, one of the world's leading experts in the field, provides a deeply informed evaluation of the current debates. Illustrative case studies drawn from both consumer protection and competition areas enrich and ground his provocative analysis of the complex issues at stake making this a "must-have" book for every practitioner, academic and policy-maker in the field". Professor Jane Stapleton, Australian National University, and University of Texas, Austin. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.

Download or read book Planning our electric future written by Great Britain: Department of Energy and Climate Change and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This white paper sets the Government's proposals for reform of the UK's electricity system to ensure that the UK electricity supply is secure, low-carbon and affordable. This is especially crucial as we face a number of unprecedented challenges in the coming decades including the threat to security of supply as existing plant closes; the necessity to decarbonise electricity generation; the likelihood for a rise in electricity demand and electricity prices are also expected to rise. Broadly the strategy's approach consists of four parts: long term contracts for both low-carbon energy and capacity; institutional arrangements to support this contracting approach; continued grandfathering, supporting the principle of no retrospective change to low-carbon policy incentives, within a clear and rational planning cycle; and ensuring a liquid market that allows existing energy companies and new entrants to compete on fair terms

Download or read book Taxation Without Representation written by Michael Littlewood and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tells an instructive tale of Hong Kong's tax system from 1940 (when taxes on income were first introduced in the territory) until the present day. For Hong Kong's own historians and political scientists, it supplies cogent but previously neglected evidence of the influence of the territory's business interests. For students of British imperialism, it provides a compelling case-study of relations between London and a recalcitrant colony. For Hong Kong's own tax profession, it corrects the notion that the territory's tax system was the product of governmental design. And for tax theorists and taxpayers everywhere, it suggests how it might be possible to structure a combination of very light taxes and very low public spending so as to win broad popular support.--Michael Littlewood is a member of the Faculty of Law at the University of Auckland, where he teaches tax. His work has been published in the U.S., the U.K., Hong Kong, China, the Netherlands, Australia and New Zealand. He lived in Hong Kong from 1989 until 2003.--"An excellent read ... partly a matter of 'who done it?' but, even more so, of 'how did they get away with it?' Dr. Littlewood's book will prove indispensable for anyone wanting to use the Hong Kong precedent to argue for a flat rate tax system in their own country." - John Tiley, Professor of Tax Law, University of Cambridge--"Fascinating ... [This book is] a first-rate history and raises troubling questions about the necessity of linking taxes and democratic choice. The book also raises intriguing doubts about whether low taxes and low services may be an acceptable alternative model to the prevalent high-tax, high-services Western welfare state. This book should be required reading for students of political science, history, sociology and law." - Reuven Avi-Yonah, Irwin I. Kohn Professor of Law, University of Michigan-----

Download or read book Jurisdiction and Cross Border Collective Redress written by Alexia Pato and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, the rise in cross-border law violations has harmed numerous victims around the globe. The damages are often dispersed and low-level. As a result, the private enforcement gap has deepened and collective redress represents an interesting procedural instrument that is able to provide effective access to justice. This book analyses thoroughly the dominant collective redress models adopted in the EU. Data from 13 Member States has been catalogued and categorised. The research mainly focuses on the consumer law field but frequent references to financial and data protection-related cases are made. The dominant collective redress models are then studied from a private international law perspective. In particular, the book highlights the current mismatch between collective redress on the one hand, and rules on international jurisdiction on the other. Additionally, it notes that barriers to cross-border litigation remain significant for victims and their representatives. The unprecedented empirical study included in this book confirms that statement. Observing that EU measures have not satisfactorily lowered those barriers, the author proposes the creation of a new head of jurisdiction for cases of international collective redress. This book will be of interest to private international law scholars, researchers, students, legal practitioners, judges and policy-makers. It is a reference point for those with an interest in cross-border collective redress in particular, and private international law in general.

Download or read book The Irish Yearbook of International Law Volume 11 12 2016 17 written by Fiona de Londras and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Irish Yearbook of International Law (IYIL) supports research into Ireland's practice in international affairs and foreign policy, filling a gap in existing legal scholarship and assisting in the dissemination of Irish policy and practice on matters of international law. On an annual basis, the Yearbook presents peer-reviewed academic articles and book reviews on general issues of international law. Designated correspondents provide reports on international law developments in Ireland, Irish practice in international bodies, Ireland and the law of the sea, and the law of the European Union as relevant to developments in Ireland. In addition, the Yearbook reproduces key documents that reflect Irish practice on contemporary issues of international law. This volume of the Yearbook includes a symposium issue on Brexit, Ireland and international law, bringing together leading academics exploring the international legal-political context of Brexit for Ireland.

Download or read book Electricity Markets with Increasing Levels of Renewable Generation Structure Operation Agent based Simulation and Emerging Designs written by Fernando Lopes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-14 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the common ground between electricity markets (EMs) and software agents (or artificial intelligence generally). It presents an up-to-date introduction to EMs and intelligent agents, and offers a comprehensive description of the research advances and key achievements related to existing and emerging market designs to reliably and efficiently manage the potential challenges of variable generation (VG). Most EMs are unique in their complex relationships between economics and the physics of energy, but were created without the notion that large penetrations of variable generation (VG) would be part of the supply mix. An advanced multi-agent approach simulates the behavior of power markets over time, particularly markets with large-scale penetrations of renewable resources. It is intended as a reference book for researchers, academics and industry practitioners, but given the scope of the chapters and the highly accessible style, the book also provides a coherent foundation for several different graduate courses.

Download or read book International Financial Institutions and International Law written by Daniel D. Bradlow and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental recognition in this book is that the issue of what international legal principles are applicable to the operations of the IFIs is an important topic that would benefit from more rigorous study. Twelve deeply committed contributors - whose work spans the academic, policy, and activist spectrum - suggest that a better understanding of these legal issues could help both the organizations and their Member States structure their transactions in ways that are more compatible with their developmental objectives and their international responsibilities.

Download or read book A Guide to the Equity Markets of Hong Kong written by Paul B. McGuinness and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the structure and outline of Hong Kong's equity markets, and examines Hong Kong's rising prominence (ranked sixth largest in the world) and importance as a financial centre in the region. It details the workings of the equity market system, covering the basics of all the major derivatives, and gives a brief overview of its other regional contemporary markets. Hong Kong's equity market has changed beyond all recognition over the last decade. The rise of China and East Asia has fuelled tremendous growth in this market. In the last two years alone, the market capitalisation of stocks traded in The Stock exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) has grown by almost 100%. This growth, reflecting both the appreciation of existing stock values and a flood of new listing, is expected to continue as the PRC develops in to a world economic power. The rising volumes of trading and recent flurry of 'H' share listings and other PRC-backed stocks, is also indicative of the PRC's commitment to establish Hong Kong as the centre of its financial system. Hong Kong's mantle as the financial

Download or read book Public services ombudsmen written by Great Britain: Law Commission and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-07-13 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public services ombudsmen provide a vital redress mechanism for aggrieved citizens; they are free for complainants, confidential and swift. This report deals with the five public services ombudsmen operating in England and Wales: (1) The Parliamentary Commissioner; (2) The Local Government Ombudsman; (3) The Health Service Ombudsman; (4) The Public Services Ombudsman for Wales; and (5) The Housing Ombudsman. The overarching aim is to recommend modernisation of the statutes for these ombudsmen: clarifying them where required; reforming them where the Commission thinks this would facilitate the work of the ombudsmen; increasing transparency and accountability where necessary. The Commission could not consider fundamental institutional design, and did not look at the creation of new ombudsmen or the amalgamation of the existing ombudsmen. The subject matter of the ombudsmen's work or the definition of "maladministration" was also not considered. The report is divided in to 5 parts including the recommendation to commission a general review of the role of the public services ombudsmen and their relationship with other institutions for administrative justice, such as judicial review or tribunals; access to the ombudsmen; the ombudsmen process; resolution, report & sharing experience; and independence & accountability

Download or read book Protecting Societal Interests in Corporate Takeovers written by Huizi Ai and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book explores “what are the societal interests that may be affected by a takeover, are these protected under the current regulatory frameworks of the U.K., Germany, and China, (and if so) how are they protected and what recommendations can be made for future reforms in the three jurisdictions?” The book adopts three main methods: law and economics analysis, doctrinal legal research, and comparative analysis. The content of this book is intended not only for the academia; it may also benefit the policy makers by providing an evaluation on the strengths and weaknesses of different protection mechanisms and recommendations for future reforms. Besides, companies which are (potentially) interested in conducting takeovers in the three countries may also find this book useful with its overall analysis of the regulatory frameworks and representative takeover cases in the jurisdictions.

Download or read book Lawsuit written by Randall L. Goodden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing product liability concerns and laws both in the U.S. and internationally, this book helps manufacturers and engineers develop and implement proactive processes that can reduce liability concerns and potential lawsuits. It discusses preventive measures in the engineering, development, and manufacturing of products and explains the procedures and processes manufacturers must have in place to reduce the likelihood of liability as well as to provide the best defense in case of a lawsuit. This is a premier resource for engineers, manufacturers, risk managers, and others concerned about product liability.