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Book Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration written by George P. Gilligan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of the significant changes in tax law at domestic, European, and international levels on investment funds, an important part of global financial services, creates a complex environment for practitioners and a source of debate for academics and policymakers. This is the first book to provide a comprehensive legal and practical analysis of the changes to the complex multilevel tax and regulatory framework concerning different types of investment funds. The contributions, updated as of late 2017, were originally presented at a conference held at the University of Luxembourg in November 2016 under the auspices of the ATOZ Chair for European and International Taxation. The book covers the central questions arising in national law and tax policy, explores the regulatory and tax framework of the European Union (EU), and discusses the multifaceted interactions of both national and EU law with bilateral tax treaties. Through fourteen chapters following a brief introduction, leading academic experts and practising specialists provide decisive insight into: - the regulatory regime for European investment funds; - the tax law and reforms in both Luxembourg and Germany; - the role of the European Commission's State-aid practices; - examples of case law concerning the application of non-discrimination rules to various investment vehicles; - the impact of tax-specific EU legislation, such as the Parent-Subsidiary Directive, the Tax Merger Directive, and the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive; - the availability of tax treaty protection for different collective and non-collective investment funds; - the impact of base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) developments on the taxation of cross-border investments; - the value-added tax (VAT) treatment of investment funds and their managers; and - the consequences of the global drive towards automatic exchange of information relating to existing cross-border investment structures. With its particular focus on Luxembourg - the leading centre for investment funds in Europe (and second only to the United States globally) and, thus, an instructive model for domestic-level investment fund regulation and taxation - this volume reveals the common issues that arise in virtually every other jurisdiction with a sizeable fund industry. As the first in-depth treatment of the globally significant nexus between investment funds and taxation, the book will prove valuable to policymakers, practitioners, and academics in both financial services and tax law.

Book Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration Old Issues and New Trends

Download or read book Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration Old Issues and New Trends written by Stefan Frommel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-09-22 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The great strength of the arbitration process lies in its independence from any particular legal culture. Inevitably, its cross-cultural perspective has brought it to the fore as the preferred means of resolving international commercial disputes. The Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London has done more than any other group to promote and sustain the development of international arbitration and to define the law and practice that has grown up around it. In a series of remarkable public lectures held during its jubilee year, the Institute reasserted its preeminent and creative role in the field of alternative dispute resolution at the international level. These lectures form the basis of the insightful papers assembled in this book. The nine authors bring a truly international perspective to their work. Their combined experience has involved them in arbitration in many countries in Europe, Asia, North America and South America; several of them have in addition had various posts in international diplomacy and in major international organisations. They include Dr Christian Borris, on the civil law versus common law in arbitration culture; Professor Andreas F. Lowenfeld, on the `mix' that creates the international arbitration process; Dr Serge Lazareff, on the search for a common procedural approach; Sigvard Jarvin, who compares the leading international arbitration seats; Jonathon Crook, on arbitration seats in the Far East; Ambassador Malcolm R. Wilkey, on the practicalities of cross-cultural arbitration; Jean Reed Haynes, on the confidentiality of international arbitration; Dr Horacio A. Grigera NaandÓn, on Latin American arbitration Culture; and Dr Bernardo M. Cremades, on how interactive arbitration overcomes the clash of legal cultures. Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration brings international arbitration as it is currently practised into sharp focus, and will be of great value to all practitioners, academics and students in the field.

Book Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration Old Issues and New Trends

Download or read book Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration Old Issues and New Trends written by Stefan N. Frommel and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-09-22 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The great strength of the arbitration process lies in its independence from any particular legal culture. Inevitably, its cross-cultural perspective has brought it to the fore as the preferred means of resolving international commercial disputes. The Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London has done more than any other group to promote and sustain the development of international arbitration and to define the law and practice that has grown up around it. In a series of remarkable public lectures held during its jubilee year, the Institute reasserted its preeminent and creative role in the field of alternative dispute resolution at the international level. These lectures form the basis of the insightful papers assembled in this book. The nine authors bring a truly international perspective to their work. Their combined experience has involved them in arbitration in many countries in Europe, Asia, North America and South America; several of them have in addition had various posts in international diplomacy and in major international organisations. They include Dr Christian Borris, on the civil law versus common law in arbitration culture; Professor Andreas F. Lowenfeld, on the `mix' that creates the international arbitration process; Dr Serge Lazareff, on the search for a common procedural approach; Sigvard Jarvin, who compares the leading international arbitration seats; Jonathon Crook, on arbitration seats in the Far East; Ambassador Malcolm R. Wilkey, on the practicalities of cross-cultural arbitration; Jean Reed Haynes, on the confidentiality of international arbitration; Dr Horacio A. Grigera NaandÓn, on Latin American arbitration Culture; and Dr Bernardo M. Cremades, on how interactive arbitration overcomes the clash of legal cultures. Conflicting Legal Cultures in Commercial Arbitration brings international arbitration as it is currently practised into sharp focus, and will be of great value to all practitioners, academics and students in the field.

Book Legal Interpretation in International Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book Legal Interpretation in International Commercial Arbitration written by Joanna Jemielniak and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills a gap in legal academic study and practice in International Commercial Arbitration (ICA) by offering an in-depth analysis on legal discourse and interpretation. Written by a specialist in international business law, arbitration and legal theory, it examines the discursive framework of arbitral proceedings, through an exploration of the unique status of arbitration as a legal and semiotic phenomenon. Historical and contemporary aspects of legal discourse and interpretation are considered, as well as developments in the field of discourse analysis in ICA. A section is devoted to institutional and structural determinants of legal discourse in ICA in which ad hoc and institutional forms are examined. The book also deals with functional aspects of legal interpretation in arbitral discourse, focusing on interpretative standards, methods and considerations in decision-making in ICA. The comparative examinations of existing legal framework and case law reflect the international nature of the subject and the book will be of value to both academic and professional readers.

Book Critical Genre Analysis

Download or read book Critical Genre Analysis written by Vijay K. Bhatia and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genre theory has focused primarily on the analysis of generic constructs, with increasing attention to and emphasis on the contexts in which such genres are produced, interpreted, and used to achieve objectives, often giving the impression as if producing genres is an end in itself, rather than a means to an end. The result of this focus is that there has been very little attention paid to the ultimate outcomes of these genre-based discursive activities, which are more appropriately viewed as academic, institutional, organizational, and professional actions and practices, which are invariably non-discursive, though often achieved through discursive means. It was this objective in mind that the book develops an approach to a more critical and deeper understanding of interdiscursive professional voices and actions. Critical Genre Analysis as a theory of discursive performance is thus an attempt to be as objective as possible, rigorous in analytical endeavour, using a multiperspective and multidimensional methodological framework taking into account interdiscursive aspects of genre construction to make it increasingly explanatory to demystify discursive performance in a range of professional contexts.

Book Document Production in International Arbitration

Download or read book Document Production in International Arbitration written by Reto Marghitola and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because document production can discover written evidence that would otherwise not be available, it is often the key to winning a case. However, document production proceedings can be a costly and time-consuming exercise, and arbitral awards in particular are often challenged on grounds that relate to document production orders. The task of balancing the conflicting interests of the parties in this context is a major responsibility of arbitral tribunals. This book's analysis focuses on whether there exist legal principles on which arbitrators should establish rules of document production in both civil law and common law countries, and shows how international arbitration is affected. The author examines the relevant discretion of arbitral tribunals under US, English, Swiss, German, and Austrian law, and under nine of the most important sets of institutional rules, including the ICC Rules, the LCIA Rules, and the Swiss Rules. The presentation mines case law and legal literature for concepts based on the common expectations of the parties, the legitimate expectations of a party, the duty to balance different procedural expectations of the parties, the presumed intent of the parties, the underlying hypothetical bargain, implied terms, and the arbitrators' discretion. Among the topics and issues investigated are the following: - procedural rules on document production versus procedural flexibility; - how arbitral tribunals can modify the IBA Rules on a case-by-case basis; - discretion granted by legislation in each country covered; - electronic document production; - how to deal with privilege and confidentiality objections; - how to formulate or answer document production requests; - effective sanctions in case of non-compliance with procedural orders of the arbitral tribunal; - what grounds for annulment and non-enforcement a losing party can raise in what countries. Perhaps the greatest benefit of the book is the inclusion of model clauses, commensurate with both civil law and common law expectations. The author explicates the advantages and inconveniences of each model clause, and clarifies the influence of each clause on the efficiency of the proceedings and the enforcement risk. For practitioners, the book not only gives counsel a thorough overview of possible arguments for and against document production, but also assists arbitrators find a way through the jungle of opinions on the interpretation of the IBA Rules. Legal academics will appreciate the author's deeply informed analysis and commentary and the book's contribution to increasing the predictability of arbitral decisions on document production and showing how issues in dispute can be narrowed by tailor-made rules, thus helping to raise the efficiency and reduce the costs of arbitral proceedings.

Book Identity  Community  Discourse

Download or read book Identity Community Discourse written by Giuseppina Cortese and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2005 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Languages are inseparable from their contexts of use. They are not only congruent with, but also involved in the configuration of the worldviews and value systems manifested in cultures and embodied in texts. The spread of English worldwide foregrounds the issue of textual dynamics in intercultural settings. The production/reception of texts in English facilitates international contacts and exchanges, yet it also triggers hegemonic practices. The volume aims to investigate the representations and negotiations of sociocognitive identities in intercultural settings relevant for 'good practice'. Contributions explore 'languaging' strategies (verbal, visual, multimodal; English monolingual, bilingual, multilingual) through a range of methodological perspectives wherein the respect for sociocultural differences is a constitutive value.

Book Obscurity and Clarity in the Law

Download or read book Obscurity and Clarity in the Law written by Sophie Cacciaguidi-Fahy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the intricate and multi-dimensional conception of clarity and obscurity in the law. It presents and examines the most recent research and theories, giving practical guidance on how to avoid obscurity in legal drafting and its impact on legal interpretation. The book is aimed at a multidisciplinary audience and seeks to promote an interdisciplinary debate on clarity, law and language, calling for the moving of clarity beyond the study of plain language. The aims of the book are thus two fold. The first is to critically reach a nexus between the disciplines of law and language with respect to the debates on clarity in legal discourse. The second is to achieve an international perspective on the issue, drawing from a wide range of legal and political contexts.

Book Arbitrability

    Book Details:
  • Author : Loukas A. Mistelis
  • Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
  • Release : 2009-01-01
  • ISBN : 9041127305
  • Pages : 410 pages

Download or read book Arbitrability written by Loukas A. Mistelis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It often seems today that no dispute is barred from resolution by arbitration. Even the fundamental question of whether a dispute falls under the exclusive jurisdiction of a judicial body may itself be arbitrable. Arbitrability is thus an elusive concept; yet a systematic study of it, as this book shows, yields innumerable guidelines and insights that are of substantial value to arbitral practice. Although the book takes the form of a collection of essays, it is designed as a comprehensive commentary on practical issues that emerge from the idea of arbitrability. Fifteen leading academics and practitioners from Europe and the United States each explore different facets of arbitrability always with a perspective open to international developments and comparative evaluation of standards. The presentation falls into two parts: in the first the focus is on the general features of arbitrability, its rationale and the laws applicable to it. In the second, arbitrability is specifically examined in the context of administrative, criminal, corporate, IP, financial, commercial, and criminal law This book has its origins in an International Conference on Arbitrability held at Athens in September 2005. Seven papers presented there are here reviewed and updated, and nine others are added. The subject of the book and– arbitrability and– is one that is much talked about, but seldom if ever given the in-depth treatment presented here. Arbitrators and other practitioners in the field will welcome the way the analysis moves logically from theory to practice regarding every issue, and academics will recognize a definitive treatment of arbitrability as understood and applied in the settlement of disputes today.

Book International Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book International Commercial Arbitration written by Gary B. Born and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 5391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Gary Born's International Commercial Arbitration is an authoritative 4,408 page treatise, in three volumes, providing the most comprehensive commentary and analysis, on all aspects of the international commercial arbitration process, that is available. The first edition of International Commercial Arbitration is widely acknowledged as the preeminent commentary in the field. It was awarded the 2011 Certificate of Merit by the American Society of International Law and was voted the International Dispute Resolution Book of the Year by the Oil, Gas, Mining and Infrastructure Dispute Management list serve in 2010. The first edition has been extensively cited in national court decisions and arbitral awards around the world. The treatise comprehensively examines the law and practice of contemporary international commercial arbitration, thoroughly explicating all relevant international conventions, national arbitration statutes and institutional arbitration rules. It focuses on both international instruments (particularly the New York Convention) and national law provisions in all leading jurisdictions (including the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration). Practitioners, academics, clients, institutions and other users of international commercial arbitration will find clear and authoritative guidance in this work. The second edition of International Commercial Arbitration has been extensively revised, expanded and updated, to include all material legislative, judicial and arbitral authorities in the field of international arbitration prior to January 2014. It also includes expanded treatment of annulment, recognition of awards, counsel ethics, arbitrator independence and impartiality and applicable law. Overview of volumes: Volume I, covering International Arbitration Agreements,provides a comprehensive discussion of international commercial arbitration agreements. It includes chapters dealing with the legal framework for enforcing international arbitration agreements; the separability presumption; choice of law; formation and validity; nonarbitrability; competence-competence and the allocation of jurisdictional competence; the effects of arbitration agreements; interpretation and non-signatory issues. Volume II, covering International Arbitration Procedures, provides a detailed discussion of international arbitral procedures. It includes chapters dealing with the legal framework for international arbitral proceedings; the selection, challenge and replacement of arbitrators; the rights and duties of international arbitrators; selection of the arbitral seat; arbitration procedures; disclosure and discovery; provisional measures; consolidation, joinder and intervention; choice of substantive law; confidentiality; and legal representation and standards of professional conduct. Volume III, dealing with International Arbitral Awards, provides a detailed discussion of the issues arising from international arbitration awards. It includes chapters covering the form and contents of awards; the correction, interpretation and supplementation of awards; the annulment and confirmation of awards; the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards; and issues of preclusion, lis pendens and staredecisis.

Book International Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book International Commercial Arbitration written by Gary Born and published by Kluwer Law International. This book was released on 2009 with total page 1797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Commercial Arbitration Third Edition is an authoritative treatise providing the most complete available commentary and analysis on all aspects of the international commercial arbitration process. This completely revised and expanded edition of Gary Born's authoritative work is divided into three main parts, dealing with the International Arbitration Agreement, International Arbitral Procedures and International Arbitral Awards. The Third Edition provides a systematic framework for both current analysis and future developments, as well as exhaustive citations from all leading legal systems. INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION AGREEMENTS Legal Framework for International Arbitration Agreements International Arbitration Agreements and the Separability Presumption Choice-of-Law Governing International Arbitration Agreements Formation, Validity and Legality of International Arbitration Agreements International Arbitration Agreements and Competence-Competence Effects and Enforcement of International Arbitration Agreements Interpretation of International Arbitration Agreements INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL PROCEDURES AND PROCEEDINGS Legal Framework for International Arbitral Proceedings Selection, Challenge and Replacement of Arbitrators in International Arbitration Rights and Duties of International Arbitrators Selection of Arbitral Seat in International Arbitration Procedures in International Arbitration Disclosure and Discovery in International Arbitration Provisional Measures in International Arbitration Consolidation, Joinder and Intervention in International Arbitration Choice of Substantive Law in International Arbitration Confidentiality in International Arbitration Legal Representation and Professional Conduct in International Arbitration INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS Legal Framework for International Arbitral Awards Form and Content of International Arbitral Awards Correction, Interpretation and Supplementation of International Arbitral Awards Annulment of International Arbitral Awards Recognition and Enforcement of International Arbitral Awards Preclusion, Lis Pendens and Stare Decisis in International Arbitral Awards

Book The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication written by Jane Jackson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-29 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication provides a comprehensive historical survey of language and intercultural communication studies with a critical assessment of past and present theory, research, and practice, as well as an insight into future directions. Drawing on the expertise of leading scholars from different parts of the world, this second edition offers updated chapters by returning authors and many new contributions on a broad range of topics, including reflexivity and criticality, translanguaging, and social justice in relation to intercultural communication.With an emphasis on contemporary, critical perspectives, this handbook showcases the varied range of issues, perspectives, and approaches that characterise this increasingly important field in today’s globalised world. Offering 34 chapters with examples from a variety of languages and international settings, this handbook is an indispensable resource for students and scholars working in the fields of intercultural communication, applied linguistics, TESOL/ TEFL, and communication studies.

Book Carbonneau on Arbitration

Download or read book Carbonneau on Arbitration written by Thomas E. Carbonneau and published by Juris Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2010-05-01 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A companion to Carbonneau on International Arbitration: Collected Essays, the essays in this volume represent the majority of the author's scholarly writings on the topic of U.S. arbitration law. They reflect his three decades of experience as a law professor and as the Editor-in-Chief of the World Arbitration & Mediation Report (renamed Review) and the Journal of American Arbitration. Each one tackles an aspect of the debate about the role of arbitral adjudication in contemporary American society and provides an assessment of the evolution and content of the U.S. law of arbitration. In particular, Carbonneau on Arbitration: Collected Essays examines the work of the U.S. Supreme Court in arbitration and provides a critical, but balanced, assessment of that decisional law. The chapters of this volume represent the majority of the author's scholarly writings on international commercial arbitration over thirty years. The chapters address various major issues and themes of transborder arbitration law, including (1) the importance of courts in developing and maintaining a legal culture that is hospitable to arbitration, (2) arbitration as a complete legal system, (3) the increasing use of arbitration to resolve political or mixed political and commercial disputes, and (4) the “judicialization” of arbitration. Some of the chapters are of a recent vintage, while others were written a decade or two ago. Whatever their date of production, these essays are of continuing interest to practitioners in and scholars of the field.

Book Pervasive Problems in International Arbitration

Download or read book Pervasive Problems in International Arbitration written by Loukas A. Mistelis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This important book will be of great interest to arbitration lawyers, international lawyers and business people, as well as to academics, libraries, and students of dispute resolution."--Publisher's website.

Book Practitioner s Handbook on International Commercial Arbitration

Download or read book Practitioner s Handbook on International Commercial Arbitration written by Frank-Bernd Weigand and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-12-24 with total page 2585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Practitioner's Handbook on International Commercial Arbitration provides concise country reports on important jurisdictions for international arbitral proceedings, as well as commentaries on well-known arbitration rules which are frequently incorporated in international legal agreements. Most international commercial contracts now include an arbitration clause as an alternative to resolving disputes in the state courts. This second edition of the Practitioner's Handbook includes newly updated country chapters, expanded international coverage and commentary on the most important arbitration rules worldwide. It is written by world-leading arbitration practitioners and academics and combines a practical approach with in-depth legal research and analysis of important national and international case law. The book is unique in its coverage, providing uniformly designed country reports and thorough commentaries on internationally recognized arbitration rules in just one volume. There are individual chapters for the following countries: Austria, Belgium, China & Hong Kong, England, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, USA. Each country report covers: jurisdiction, the tribunal, arbitration procedure, the award, amendments and challenge to the award, liability of arbitrators and enforcement of national awards; and provides details of national arbitration laws, arbitral institutions in the jurisdiction, model arbitration clauses and a bibliography, including a list of key judicial decisions. The first edition was reviewed as "an outstanding book" and "an extremely useful tool". The work is an indispensable one-stop reference point for lawyers drafting international arbitration clauses or handling arbitration proceedings in different countries.

Book Carbonneau on International Arbitration

Download or read book Carbonneau on International Arbitration written by Thomas E. Carbonneau and published by Juris Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters of this volume represent the majority of Professor Carbonneau’s scholarly writings on the subject of international commercial arbitration. They reflect his interest over the course of thirty years of law-teaching in international litigation, comparative law, and-of course - international arbitration. Some of the chapters are of a recent vintage, while others were written a decade or two ago. Whatever their date of production, the chapters have a continuing professional interest. Each addresses some of the major issues of trans-border arbitration law. A number of chapters emphasize the importance of courts in developing and maintaining a legal culture that is hospitable to arbitration. The work of the courts has been instrumental to the reception of arbitration in the United States and in several European jurisdictions. The courts can “make or break” arbitration by upholding arbitration agreements and enforcing arbitral awards. Other chapters underscore that arbitration can operate as a complete legal system. It not only provides workable trial procedures, but arbitrators can also create law in their rulings. With the addition of an internal arbitral appellate mechanism, arbitrations can function with almost absolute independence. The world law on arbitrations seems to favor the “a-national” and “a-juridical” operation of the arbitral process. A few of the chapters recognize that arbitration is being increasingly employed to resolve political or mixed political and commercial disputes. Investment arbitration and BITs are the most recent expression of this development; it had been apparent in WTO and NAFTA dispute resolution. The Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal presented the first great occasion for assessing the vocation of arbitration in a mixed dispute situation. While arbitration has made significant inroads in this area, political sovereignty remains resistant to the imposition of limitations. In many less visible “political” cases, determinations are nonetheless made and rendered enforceable. The concluding chapters address more specific developments in the field of ICA. A number of cases point to the strong, perhaps overweening, support of the judiciary for arbitration. The courts in some jurisdictions support arbitration unequivocally and are bent upon a single outcome no matter the impact on doctrine. Lawyer presence in the arbitral process has lead to increased formalization in some proceedings. The “judicialization” of arbitration tilts the process toward the protection of rights and hinders its ability to function effectively and reach finality. Lawyers can readily misunderstand and undermine the gravamen of arbitration. The concluding chapters also establish that the UK Arbitration Act 1996 is one of the world’s outstanding arbitration statutes. It rivals and bests the UNCITRAL Model Law on ICA and is the equal of the French codified law on arbitration. Finally, the express text of the New York Arbitration Convention appears to have been altered significantly by court practice. The possible limitations of national law have been neutralized and the provisions of the Convention articulate a truly trans-border regulation of the enforcement of awards. In sum, the chapters in this book reflect the author's lifetime work in the area of international arbitration and are required reading for all those practicing in the field- law students, arbitrators, academics and practicing lawyers.