Download or read book Computer Aided Diagnosis of Intervertebral Disc Pathology in Lumbar Spine written by Raja'. Alomari and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lower back pain (LBP) is the second most common neurological ailment in the United States after the headache according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) [8]. Americans spend at least $50 billion each year on health care of people with LBP. There are over 11 million Americans who have some sort of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IDD) [8]. Intervertebral disc degeneration (e.g., desiccation and herniation) in the lumbar areais one of the most common diseases that cause LBP and sciatica, a common term for pain in legs consequent to irritation of the sciatic nerve [9, 10]. Neuroradiologists use clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of most of the lumbar area abnormalities and specifically the disc degenerative diseases. Clinical MRI usually comprises sagittal and axial T1- and T2-weighted co-registered protocols beside some other protocols to help the radiologists in decision-making.^They diagnose hundreds of cases each day that range from simple diseases to major life threatening diseases such as tumors. Thus, full or partial automation of the diagnosis process reduces the large burden on them and increases their effectiveness. Besides that, introducing reliable and robust full or partial diagnosis system reduces the inter-observer variability and increases the degree of confidence of the diagnosis. There are two main steps that the neuroradiologists follow during the work flow of diagnosis of lumbar area: 1) Detection and labeling of the discs (and /or the vertebrae), and 2) Diagnosis of each disc (and vertebra) level by specifying all possible abnormalities in thatdisc (and vertebra). The detection and labeling step is required only for one of the sagittal views because all provided protocols (T1- and T2-weighted for sagittal and axial views) are manually co-registered by the technician during the acquisition of the MRI.^However, the neuroradiologists identify all possible abnormalities at each disc level. They also identify vertebral bone disorders if there is a potential vertebral disorder and might recommend Computed Tomography(CT) scan for better visualization of the bone. In diagnosis, there are many pieces of information that the neuroradiologists utilize before making the decision such as age and height of the patient, history and type of pain. They also utilize the relative context of the discs and the vertebrae. In this dissertation, we propose machine learning-based solutions for diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc degenerative diseases (IDD). We study clinical MRI from our collaborating neuroradiologists group and use their clinical diagnosis reports as our gold standard of the ground truth for diagnosis of each disc level in the lumbar area. We, initially, perform robust and automatic detection and labeling of the lumbar intervertebral discs from sagittal views.^We develop a probabilistic model for localization of the six discs in sagittal T2-weighted MRI for the lumbar area. In our model, we incorporate two levels of information: low- and high-level. In the low-level, we model the local pixel properties of discs, such as appearance. In the high-level, we capture the object-level geometrical and contextualrelationships between discs. We estimate the model parameters from manually labeled cases (supervised learning). Then we perform machine-learning based analysis at each localized disc for further diagnosis tasks. Our proposed model investigates degenerative abnormalities and allows the flexibility of adding features depending on the abnormality. It also allows incorporation of necessary domain knowledge about the patient to increase robustness, accuracy, and reliability of the diagnosis. We use a Gibbs distribution to model the features we use for detection of each specific disc abnormality as well as domain knowledge incorporation.^Gibbs distribution has been successfullyused in statistical analysis and we find it flexible for incorporation of various pieces of information required for various diagnosis tasks. We study abnormality detection in general as a preprocessing step for focusing only on abnormal discs for further analysis. In this step, we only specify abnormal discs regardless of the type of abnormality. We then study two popular clinical disc degenerative diseases, i.e., disc desiccation and herniation. We incorporate appearance and context of discs in studying disc desiccation because it mainly related to relative signal levels of the discs. In herniation detection, we jointly incorporate shape and appearance information as herniation has major role in shape changes. We report our results with suitable validation metrics depending on the problem we are investigating.

Download or read book LumbarDiagnostics written by Jaehan Koh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low back pain is one of the major public health problems in industrialized countries. It not only imposes economic burden on a patient and his or her family members, but also decreases the productivity of the individual. It is reported that in regard to spine more than 30 million magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exams are conducted annually in the United States and the number of scans is growing exponentially. However, compared to the number of scans, the number of radiologists is increasing linearly, resulting in a concern over lack of diagnostic radiologists. Therefore, there is an increasing need for the computer-aided effective management of pathology in lumbar spine using multi-protocol MR images. MRI is known to be the most effective primary diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation of the lumbar spine since it provides more anatomic sources of pain including nerves, muscles, and ligaments than X-ray or computed tomography. Interestingly, some clinical studies show that computer-aided diagnosis enhances the number of breast cancer detection by about 10%. To this end, I propose a computer-aided diagnosis framework, LumbarDiagnostics, for computer-aided characterization and diagnosis of lumbar spine pathology using multi-protocol MRI in a reliable and rapid manner, allowing to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the examination procedures of the lumbar spine pathology. The proposed framework consists of the following components: target pathology selection, meta data analysis, inter- and intra-slice analysis, preprocessing, landmark localization and labeling, regions-of-interest determination, region-of-interest quantification, feature generation, classification, reference generation, and validation. Experiments on clinical MRI image data from 101 subjects based on the framework successfully detect disc herniation and spinal stenosis with more than 90% diagnostic accuracy, achieving a speedup factor of 30 by comparison with diagnosis by radiologists. The framework also works effectively in segmenting the spinal canal region in MRI. In addition, the proposed framework is successfully applied to the task of spinal canal boundary extraction. This study demonstrates that the framework can be applied to the diagnosis and quantification of various abnormalities in the lumbar spine.

Download or read book Automated Lumbar Spine Diagnosis written by Raja Alomari and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lower back pain (LBP) is the second most common neurological ailment in the United States after the headache according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Over 11 million Americans have some sort of Intervertebral Disc Disease (IDD) costing over $50 billion annually for related diagnosis and rehabilitation of the patients. In this book, we propose a computer-aided diagnosis system for lumbar spine. our CAD system utilizes a set of machine learning-based solutions for diagnosis of lumbar inter-vertebral disc degenerative diseases (IDD). We study clinical MRI from our collaborating radiologists group and use their clinical diagnosis reports as our gold standard for diagnosis of each disc level in the lumbar area.

Download or read book Spinal Imaging and Image Analysis written by Shuo Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is instrumental to building a bridge between scientists and clinicians in the field of spine imaging by introducing state-of-the-art computational methods in the context of clinical applications. Spine imaging via computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other radiologic imaging modalities, is essential for noninvasively visualizing and assessing spinal pathology. Computational methods support and enhance the physician’s ability to utilize these imaging techniques for diagnosis, non-invasive treatment, and intervention in clinical practice. Chapters cover a broad range of topics encompassing radiological imaging modalities, clinical imaging applications for common spine diseases, image processing, computer-aided diagnosis, quantitative analysis, data reconstruction and visualization, statistical modeling, image-guided spine intervention, and robotic surgery. This volume serves a broad audience as contributions were written by both clinicians and researchers, which reflects the intended readership as well, being a potentially comprehensive book for all spine related clinicians, technicians, scientists, and graduate students.

Download or read book Algorithms for Automatic Localization Segmentation and Diagnosis of Lumbar Pathology written by Subarna Ghosh and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lower back pain is widely prevalent in people all over the world and negatively affects the quality of life due to chronic pain and change in posture. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) four out of five adults experience low back pain at some point during their lives. The National Center for Health Statistics shows that more than 30 million MRI exams are conducted annually in the US and half of them are spine-related. A matter of great concern is that, in the last decade there has been a severe shortage of radiologists and projections show that there will be a significant boom in the ratio of their demand and supply. A CAD (Computer- Aided Diagnosis) system to generate diagnostic results from clinical lumbar (lower back) MR and CT scans would not only reduce the burden on a radiologist, but also boost the confidence on a diagnosis. This motivates us to strive towards the development of a robust, accurate and fully automated system to localize the various tissues like the vertebra, inter-vertebral discs and the spinal cord in clinical lumbar scans. A complete localization and segmentation would eventually be used by an automatic diagnostic system to detect lumbar abnormalities like disc herniation without any human intervention. Towards that end, my doctoral dissertation proposal consists of two parts :1) Automatic Diagnosis of Lumbar Disorders : We propose algorithms for diagnosis of lumbar disorders using clinical CT and MRI scans. First, we present a fully automated method for robustly localizing and segmenting the lumbar vertebrae along with a method for diagnosis of wedge compression fracture from clinical lumbar CT. Second, we propose algorithms to circumvent the challenging issue of disc segmentation in MRI for disc herniation detection. Unlike past research, we present a localization method which combines supervised learning with heuristics to output a disc bounding box with enhanced localization accuracy. We also present feature ex- traction methods from the disc bounding boxes and report a performance comparison of individual and combined features for abnormal disc detection. Generally a radiologist detects an abnormality like disc herniation using the sagittal scans, and then makes use of the axial scans to localize and quantify, i.e. , to estimate the location and size of the lumbar pathology. With this in mind, we finally present encouraging results on the use of axial MRI slices for automatic diagnosis, which could be extended for localization and quantification of disc abnormalities. 2) Complete segmentation of lumbar MRI : We propose algorithms for complete segmentation of sagittal lumbar MRI using two approaches - first, is an atlas-based approach, while the second is an auto-context based approach, both of which intelligently utilizes neighborhood label information along with appearance information for complete MRI segmentation. In the near future, we plan to utilize these algorithms towards the development of a completely automated and robust system to diagnose, locate and quantify lumbar disc disorders.

Download or read book Physical Therapy for Intervertebral Disk Disease written by Doris Brötz and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patients with pain emanating from their spines represent some of the most frequent and challenging cases for physical therapists. Here is a comprehensive and practical introduction to the management of back pain and restricted spinal function caused by intervertebral disk damage. The authors provide evidence-based, clinically oriented strategies for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of disk injury in the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spinal regions. The text gives an overview of research studies on the effects of physical therapy on back pain, step-by-step guidance on examination and conservative and postoperative physical therapy procedures, and detailed discussion of rehabilitation and prevention of further disk damage. Key Features: Extensive coverage of examination, from patient history to tests for assessing spinal movement to nerve conduction Precise instructions and useful pointers on treatment methods aid in daily practice Chapter on basic principles of anatomy, physiology, and epidemiology offer foundational knowledge Crucial information on approaches for rehabilitation and injury prevention, including strengthening, coordination exercises, and conditioning Case studies present clinical examples that guide the reader through the full course of therapy 70 clear line drawings illustrate how to maintain correct posture; avoid poor posture; and protect and train muscles, nerves, and joints Physical Therapy for Intervertebral Disk Disease is a complete guide to the diagnosis and physiotherapeutic treatment of problems resulting from intervertebral disk damage. Practitioners and students of physical therapy, rehabilitation medicine, and occupational therapy will read this book cover to cover and refer to it regularly when working to relieve back pain and restore full capacity in their patients.

Download or read book Image Analysis for the Diagnosis of MR Images of the Lumbar Spine written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging written by Jianhua Yao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the full papers presented at the MICCAI 2013 workshop Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging. The workshop brought together researchers representing several fields, such as Biomechanics, Engineering, Medicine, Mathematics, Physics and Statistic. The works included in this book present and discuss new trends in those fields, using several methods and techniques in order to address more efficiently different and timely applications involving signal and image acquisition, image processing and analysis, image segmentation, image registration and fusion, computer simulation, image based modelling, simulation and surgical planning, image guided robot assisted surgical and image based diagnosis.

Download or read book Image Analysis and Recognition written by Fakhri Karray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, ICIAR 2017, held in Montreal, QC, Canada, in July 2017. The 73 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 133 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: machine learning in image recognition; machine learning for medical image computing; image enhancement and reconstruction; image segmentation; motion and tracking; 3D computer vision; feature extraction; detection and classification; biomedical image analysis; image analysis in ophthalmology; remote sensing; applications.

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Conference on ISMAC in Computational Vision and Bio Engineering 2018 ISMAC CVB written by Durai Pandian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 1869 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the proceedings of the International Conference on ISMAC-CVB, held in Palladam, India, in May 2018. The book focuses on research to design new analysis paradigms and computational solutions for quantification of information provided by object recognition, scene understanding of computer vision and different algorithms like convolutional neural networks to allow computers to recognize and detect objects in images with unprecedented accuracy and to even understand the relationships between them. The proceedings treat the convergence of ISMAC in Computational Vision and Bioengineering technology and includes ideas and techniques like 3D sensing, human visual perception, scene understanding, human motion detection and analysis, visualization and graphical data presentation and a very wide range of sensor modalities in terms of surveillance, wearable applications, home automation etc. ISMAC-CVB is a forum for leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results about all aspects of computational vision and bioengineering.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition SoCPaR 2016 written by Ajith Abraham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents 70 carefully selected papers from a major joint event: the 8th International Conference on Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR 2016) and the 8th International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN 2016). SoCPaR–CASoN 2016, which was organized by the Machine Intelligence Research Labs (MIR Labs), USA and Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), India and held at the VIT on December 19–21, 2016. It brings together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to share their experiences and exchange new ideas on all interdisciplinary areas of soft computing and pattern recognition, as well as intelligent methods applied to social networks. This book is a valuable resource for practicing engineers/scientists and researchers working in the field of soft computing, pattern recognition and social networks.

Download or read book DHM and Posturography written by Sofia Scataglini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DHM and Posturography explores the body of knowledge and state-of-the-art in digital human modeling, along with its application in ergonomics and posturography. The book provides an industry first introductory and practitioner focused overview of human simulation tools, with detailed chapters describing elements of posture, postural interactions, and fields of application. Thus, DHM tools and a specific scientific/practical problem – the study of posture – are linked in a coherent framework. In addition, sections show how DHM interfaces with the most common physical devices for posture analysis. Case studies provide the applied knowledge necessary for practitioners to make informed decisions. Digital Human Modelling is the science of representing humans with their physical properties, characteristics and behaviors in computerized, virtual models. These models can be used standalone, or integrated with other computerized object design systems, to design or study designs, workplaces or products in their relationship with humans. - Presents an introductory, up-to-date overview and introduction to all industrially relevant DHM systems that will enable users on trialing, procurement decisions and initial applications - Includes user-level examples and case studies of DHM application in various industrial fields - Provides a structured and posturography focused compendium that is easy to access, read and understand

Download or read book Canine Intervertebral Disc Disease The Current State of Knowledge written by Natasha J. Olby and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Visual Informatics Bridging Research and Practice written by Halimah Badioze Zaman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-02 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Visual Informatics Conference, IVIC 2009, held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in November 2009. The 82 revised research papers presented together with four invited keynote papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 216 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on virtual technologies and systems, virtual environment, visualization, engineering and simulation, as well as visual culture, services and society.

Download or read book Lumbar Spinal Imaging in Radicular Pain and Related Conditions written by J.T. Wilmink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-02-08 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A general consensus exists,that lumbosacral nerve root compression is the primary cause of sciatica and neurogenic claudication, although humoral and vascular factors certainly play a role as well. This book focuses on imaging the various ways in which nerve root compression can come about, and determining which anatomic features are reliably associated with the production of radicular pain. After a discussion of the nature of radicular pain and related symptoms, spinal imaging techniques and options are reviewed, with emphasis on the role of MR myelography in assessing the intradural nerve roots. A chapter on normal topographic, sectional, and functional radiologic anatomy is followed by presentations on pathologic anatomy, addressing mechanisms of nerve root compression, and on pre- and postoperative imaging. Features relevant to prediction of the natural history are discussed, and a section is devoted to the performance and reporting of a spinal imaging study.

Download or read book The Spine Handbook written by Mehul Desai and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spinal disorders, especially neck and back pain, are frequent yet challenging for physicians to manage. While most texts are highly subspecialized or focus on only a specific area of management, The Spine Handbook provides a thorough overview of the entire spine and interdisciplinary treatment of common spinal conditions. Sections build from the foundations of history and examination, radiological imaging, and behavioral assessment through the core topics of both interventional and surgical options, as well as exploring emerging and special conditions, and neuromodulation. Chapters are written by experts from a wide array of fields, including physical therapists, radiologists, psychologists, physiatrists, anesthesiologists, orthopedic spine surgeons, and neurosurgeons. Each chapter contains key points to summarize content and discussions of anatomy, pathophysiology, presentation, imaging, and treatment options. This comprehensive handbook provides the fundamental diagnostic and therapeutic information needed to effectively deliver 'best practice' care for spinal disorders, making it a must-read for physicians of any training level that may encounter or treat spinal disorders.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: