Download or read book Computational and Psychophysical Mechanisms of Visual Coding written by Michael Jenkin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-05-13 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All visual tasks, from the simplest computer graphics program to the most complex biological visual system, require an underlying representation of visual information. The structure or coding of this representation provides the framework for processing the information. Both the biological and computational communities have had to address the task of designing or inferring visual coding strategies. This volume, by some of the most active contributors in the field of visual coding, describes some of the mechanisms used to code descriptions of visual phenomena in both areas. These chapters illustrate the similarities in the problems considered and the common models and algorithms that are proposed to solve them. The book includes an overview that sets the later chapters in context. Researchers in neuroscience and computational vision will find a wealth of new ideas here.
Download or read book Visual Processing written by Roger Watt and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly original and interesting monograph puts forward ideas on visual processing and representation in the early stages of visual perception, and examines the computational requirements of the system and its psychological performance. Initially the author considers the computational theory of how the maximum amount of useful information about the scene can be registered from the variations in light intensity in the retinal image. He then goeson to address the question of just what it means to say that the visual system measures spatial aspects of the retinal image, and the consequences of the inevitable distortions that are introduced. He believes that the calculation of spatial position within a distorted metric is not trivial and requires dynamic processes with memory and control. Finally, Dr. Wan argues that the strength of the link between the low-level approaches of psychophysics and computational theory and high-level approaches of cognitive visual function lies in the logic of the arguments that indicate the computational need for control. This Essay will be of great interest to researchers in computer vision, perception, cognitive science and cognitive psychology.
Download or read book A Psychophysical and Computational Study of Contrast Coding in Primary Visual Cortex written by Mazviita Chirimuuta and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Visual Processing written by Roger J. Watt and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Vision written by David Marr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-07-09 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available again, an influential book that offers a framework for understanding visual perception and considers fundamental questions about the brain and its functions. David Marr's posthumously published Vision (1982) influenced a generation of brain and cognitive scientists, inspiring many to enter the field. In Vision, Marr describes a general framework for understanding visual perception and touches on broader questions about how the brain and its functions can be studied and understood. Researchers from a range of brain and cognitive sciences have long valued Marr's creativity, intellectual power, and ability to integrate insights and data from neuroscience, psychology, and computation. This MIT Press edition makes Marr's influential work available to a new generation of students and scientists. In Marr's framework, the process of vision constructs a set of representations, starting from a description of the input image and culminating with a description of three-dimensional objects in the surrounding environment. A central theme, and one that has had far-reaching influence in both neuroscience and cognitive science, is the notion of different levels of analysis—in Marr's framework, the computational level, the algorithmic level, and the hardware implementation level. Now, thirty years later, the main problems that occupied Marr remain fundamental open problems in the study of perception. Vision provides inspiration for the continuing efforts to integrate knowledge from cognition and computation to understand vision and the brain.
Download or read book Visual Psychophysics written by Zhong-Lin Lu and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive treatment of the skills and techniques needed for visual psychophysics, from basic tools to sophisticated data analysis. Vision is one of the most active areas in biomedical research, and visual psychophysical techniques are a foundational methodology for this research enterprise. Visual psychophysics, which studies the relationship between the physical world and human behavior, is a classical field of study that has widespread applications in modern vision science. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, this textbook provides a comprehensive treatment of visual psychophysics, teaching not only basic techniques but also sophisticated data analysis methodologies and theoretical approaches. It begins with practical information about setting up a vision lab and goes on to discuss the creation, manipulation, and display of visual images; timing and integration of displays with measurements of brain activities and other relevant techniques; experimental designs; estimation of behavioral functions; and examples of psychophysics in applied and clinical settings. The book's treatment of experimental designs presents the most commonly used psychophysical paradigms, theory-driven psychophysical experiments, and the analysis of these procedures in a signal-detection theory framework. The book discusses the theoretical underpinnings of data analysis and scientific interpretation, presenting data analysis techniques that include model fitting, model comparison, and a general framework for optimized adaptive testing methods. It includes many sample programs in Matlab with functions from Psychtoolbox, a free toolbox for real-time experimental control. Once students and researchers have mastered the material in this book, they will have the skills to apply visual psychophysics to cutting-edge vision science.
Download or read book Brain Computations and Connectivity written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain Computations and Connectivity is about how the brain works and elucidates what is computed in different brain systems and describes current biologically plausible computational approaches and models of how each of these brain systems computes.
Download or read book Dynamic Thinking written by Gregor Schöner and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book describes a new theoretical approach--Dynamic Field Theory (DFT)--that explains how people think and act"--
Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Face Perception written by Andrew J. Calder and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 30 years, face perception has become an area of major interest within psychology. This is the most comprehensive and commanding review of the field ever published.
Download or read book Integrating Visual System Mechanisms Computational Models and Algorithms Technologies written by Hedva Spitzer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cerebral Cortex written by Edmund T. Rolls and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-26 with total page 1556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide insight into the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. These principles are key to understanding how we, as humans, function. There have been few previous attempts to set out some of the important principles of operation of the cortex, and this book is pioneering. The book goes beyond separate connectional neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychiatric, and computational neuroscience approaches, by combining evidence from all these areas to formulate hypotheses about how and what the cerebral cortex computes. As clear hypotheses are needed in this most important area of 21st century science, how our brains work, I have formulated a set of hypotheses about the principles of cortical operation to guide thinking and future research. The book focusses on the principles of operation of the cerebral cortex, because at this time it is possible to propose and describe many principles, and many are likely to stand the test of time, and provide a foundation for further developments, even if some need to be changed. In this context, I have not attempted to produce an overall theory of operation of the cerebral cortex, because at this stage of our understanding, such a theory would be incorrect or incomplete. However, many of the principles described will provide the foundations for more complete theories of the operation of the cerebral cortex. This book is intended to provide a foundation for future understanding, and it is hoped that future work will develop and add to these principles of operation of the cerebral cortex. The book includes Appendices on the operation of many of the neuronal networks described in the book, together with simulation software written in Matlab.
Download or read book Representation and Brain written by Shintaro Funahashi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding brain functions, especially the neural mechanisms of higher cognitive processes such as thinking, reasoning, judging, and decision making, are the subjects covered by the chapters of this book. They describe recent progress in four major research areas: visual functions, motor functions, memory functions, and prefrontal functions. There are many color illustrations making this book an especially valuable resource for students and researchers in neuroscience.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Attention written by Laurent Itti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research. * Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study
Download or read book Vision and Action written by Laurence R. Harris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-13 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the two-way interplay between vision and action. Vision acts to guide and control actions. But vision also obtains a lot of information about the world by virtue of these actions --for example by moving round an object to obtain successive views. This becomes a reiterative process and it is this that is the focus of this volume. This book contains contributions from scientists who are leaders in each of the several facets of the subject. Examples of the types of action considered vary from moving the eyes and head and body, as in looking around or walking, to complex actions such as driving a car, or playing table tennis.
Download or read book Perceptual Coherence written by Stephen Handel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-04 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The job of any sensory system is to create objects in the world out of the incoming proximal stimulus energy. The energy is neutral; it does not specify the objects itself. Thus, sensory systems must abstract the energy that does specify objects and differentiate it from the noise energy. The perceptual variables that specify objects for both listening and looking become those of contrast and correlated change across space and time, so that perceiving occurs at several spatial and temporal scales in parallel. Given that the perceptual goals and perceptual variables are equivalent, the rules of perceiving will be the same for all senses. The goal of this book is to describe these conceptual similarities and differences between hearing and seeing. Although it is mathematical and conceptually analytical, the book does not make explicit use of advanced mathematical concepts. Each chapter combines information on hearing and seeing, and gives a detailed treatment of a small number of topics. The first three chapters present introductory information, including properties of auditory and visual worlds, how receptive fields are organized to pick out those properties, and whether the receptive fields are optimized to pick up the structure of the sensory world. Each subsequent chapter considers one type of perceptual element: texture, motion, contrast and noise, color, timbre, and object segmentation. Each type of perceptual situation is described as a problem of discovering the correlated energy, and the research presented focuses on how humans manage to perceive given the complicated set of skills required. This book is intended for use in upper-division undergraduate courses in perception and sensation, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience. It will fill the slot between textbooks that cover perception and sensory physiology and neuroscience, and more advanced monographs that cover one sense or topic in detail.
Download or read book Visual Coding and Adaptability written by C. S. Harris and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1980. This book is the first integrated presentation of two of the most active areas in present-day visual research. Its inspiration and nucleus were provided by two Optical Society of America symposia, one on the coding of spatial information in the visual system and the other on adaptability of the visual system. Although the two topics might seem, at first sight, only distantly related, they are actually extensively intertwined in contemporary research. Some investigators focus on mechanisms of visual analysis but rely on experimental modification of perception to reveal the nature of the coding; others focus on perceptual modification but look at analytic elements for indications about what it is that gets modified. Likewise, most of the chapters in this book combine, in varying proportions, both themes. Adult human perception is the primary concern, but illuminating data from animal, infant, and neurophysiological studies are also discussed.
Download or read book Dynamic Neural Coding written by Sameer Saproo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual attention facilitates faster and more accurate decision-making for behaviorally relevant stimuli. To understand the computational mechanism underlying attention, I investigated the impact of attention on population codes in early visual cortex. First, I lay the theoretical foundation of this investigation, whereby the known neuromodulatory activity of attention is examined within the context of information theory to propose a framework termed `Dynamic Neural Coding'. The framework suggests that attention dynamically alters neural codes used to represent basic stimulus features so that behaviorally relevant stimuli are represented and communicated by population responses with higher fidelity than irrelevant stimuli. The framework also suggests that attention and adaptation might jointly mediate neural codes to achieve metabolically efficient sensory information processing. The framework is supported by two experimental studies that use a combination of visual psychophysics, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), computational modeling, and information-theoretic data analysis, to show how attention modulates population codes to impact information processing. The first experiment reveals that attention increases the quality of sensory representations - measured by an increase in mutual information between population response and stimuli - as early as primary visual cortex. This increase in sensory representation is largely driven by multiplicative scaling of tuning function that forms the population code. According to dynamic neural coding framework, attention-induced improvement in population codes in upstream areas should also improve the transmission of encoded information to downstream areas. The second experiment tested this hypothesis, and found that attention improved the efficacy of communication between two cortical areas - V1 and MT - that interact with during motion processing. Furthermore, a simulation of the inter-cortical interaction between V1 and MT using a computational model reveals that attention-modulations in V1 dictate the fidelity of representations in MT as well as the synchrony between the two areas.
