Download or read book Compressive Diffuse Optical Tomography Based on Structured Light and Monte Carlo Methods written by Ruoyang Yao and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diffuse Optical Tomography written by Huabei Jiang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an authority involved in the field since its nascent stages, Diffuse Optical Tomography: Principles and Applications is a long-awaited profile of a revolutionary imaging method. Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) provides spatial distributions of intrinsic tissue optical properties or molecular contrast agents through model-based reconstruction algorithms using NIR measurements along or near the boundary of tissue. Despite the practical value of DOT, many engineers from electrical or applied mathematics backgrounds do not have a sufficient understanding of its vast clinical applications and portability value, or its uncommon advantages as a tool for obtaining functional, cellular, and molecular parameters. A collection of the author’s research and experience, this book fuses historical perspective and experiential anecdotes with fundamental principles and vital technical information needed to successfully apply this technology—particularly in medical imaging. This reference finally outlines how to use DOT to create experimental image systems and adapt the results of laboratory studies for use in clinical applications including: Early-stage detection of breast tumors and prostate cancer "Real-time" functional brain imaging Joint imaging to treat progressive diseases such as arthritis Monitoring of tumor response New contrast mechanisms and multimodality methods This book covers almost every aspect of DOT—including reconstruction algorithms based on nonlinear iterative Newton methods, instrumentation and calibration methods in both continuous-wave and frequency domains, and important issues of imaging contrast and spatial resolution. It also addresses phantom experiments and the development of various image-enhancing schemes, and it describes reconstruction methods based on contrast agents and fluorescence DOT. Offering a concise description of the particular problems involved in optical tomography, this reference illustrates DOT’s fundamental foundations and the principle of image reconstruction. It thoroughly explores computational methods, forward mathematical models, and inverse strategies, clearly illustrating solutions to key equations.
Download or read book Biomaterials for Cancer Therapeutics written by Kinam Park and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials for Cancer Therapeutics: Evolution and Innovation, Second Edition, discusses the role and potential of biomaterials in treating this prevalent disease. The first part of the book discusses the fundamentals of biomaterials for cancer therapeutics. Part Two discusses synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics. Part Three focuses on theranosis and drug delivery systems, while the final set of chapters look at biomaterial therapies and cancer cell interaction. Cancer affects people of all ages, and approximately one in three people are estimated to be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Extensive research is being undertaken by many different institutions to explore potential new therapeutics, and biomaterials technology is being developed to target, treat and prevent cancer. Hence, this book is a welcomed resource to the discussion. - Provides a complete overview of the latest research into the potential of biomaterials for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer - Discusses how the properties of specific biomaterials make them important in cancer treatment - Covers synthetic vaccines, proteins and polymers for cancer therapeutics
Download or read book Stability of Diffuse Optical Tomography in the Bayesian Framework written by Kit Newton and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many problems arising in the sciences and engineering require solving an inverse problem, measuring data and inferring the model parameters using the collected information. However, often the available data does not have enough information to uniquely or stably reconstruct the parameters, making the problem ill-posed. We study ill-posedness in the context of optical tomography, a medical imaging technique that uses light to probe tissue structure. Experimentally, light is sent into biological tissue, and the outgoing light intensity on the surface of the material is measured in order to reconstruct the optical properties of the tissue. In the regime of high-energy light, the light scatters infrequently, and the radiative transfer equation ("RTE'') is used as the underlying model. Optical tomography in this regime is mathematically represented as inverting the so-called albedo operator, which maps the incoming light to the outgoing light intensity. This process is proved to be well-posed, in the sense that the information collected uniquely and stably reconstructs the optical parameter in the RTE. In the regime of low-energy light, the light scatters frequently, and the diffusion equation ("DE'') is a good approximation. Mathematically, the Dirichlet-to-Neumann ("DtN'') operator maps the light incoming to the tissue to the light current on the surface of the tissue. Inverting this map to learn the tissue's properties is known as the Calderon problem, which is ill-posed, in the sense that the reconstruction of the optical parameter is unstable. As the energy of the photons decreases and the scattering increases, it is shown that the RTE and DE are asymptotically equivalent in the low-energy regime. The procedue that asymptotically connects the two equations is called the diffusion limit. Since inverting the albedo operator is a well-posed problem, whereas inverting the DtN map is ill-posed, the well-posedness must deteriorate in the diffusion limit. In the Bayesian framework, the solution to an inverse problem is seen as the distribution of possible parameters. In the diffusion limit, the distribution based on the RTE converges to the distribution based on the DE. We rigorously prove this convergence in both Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Hellinger distance. Numerically, using this convergence, we develop a two-stage Markov chain Monte Carlo ("MCMC'') method that leverages the diffusion limit to improve the efficiency of sampling from the distribution based on the RTE. Upon linearization and discretization, inverse problems are represented as a matrix equation Ax ≈ b, where A [epsilon] R^(n x p) arises from the PDE and b [epsilon] R^n is the data. The matrix A is semi-infinite, with n representing the infinite number of measurements required on the boundary, and p finite. A common way to find x is to formulate a least-squares ("LS'') problem min_x, ||Ax-b||_2. In practice, only finitely many experimental data can be obtained to infer a finite dimensional parameter, meaning the number of constraints in A and the number of data points in b is finite. The question in reality is how to choose finitely many data points that are as informative as possible. We use random sketching to study this problem: we find a "sketching matrix'' S, so that SAx - Sb approximates Ax-b. However, when the LS problem arises from an inverse problem with a PDE as the underlying model (called "PDE-based inverse problems''), such as optical tomography and the Calderon problem, then the matrix A has a special tensor structure, which must be accounted for in the design of S. In this thesis, we display two structures of S suitable for use in PDE-based inverse problems, and give a lower bound on the number of necessary rows in S that is independent of the number of measurements n.
Download or read book Imaging from Cells to Animals In Vivo written by Margarida Barroso and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an overview of imaging techniques used to investigate cells and tissue in their native environment. It covers the range of imaging approaches used, as well as the application of those techniques to the study of biological processes in cells and whole tissues within living organisms.
Download or read book Diffuse Optical Tomography written by Ruixin Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffuse Optical Tomography has drawn more and more interests in the biomedical field over the recent couple of decades due to its ability to noninvasively recover not only tissue structural information but also functional and molecular properties. The contrasts that optical parameters could demonstrate in DOT are usually higher than those of the conventional methods. Based on these contrasts, different approaches had been developed applying DOT for imaging, and so far lots of efforts were spent on detecting breast cancer by imaging tissue absorption and scattering coefficients as well as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation level. In this work, we tried to expand the ability of DOT in breast cancer detection by introducing Phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT). PCDOT uses near-infrared diffusing light to non-invasively reconstruct tissue refractive index (RI) distribution. RI depends on the tissue's physical and chemical properties and previous study revealed that it might serve as a promising imaging parameter in breast cancer detection. We've first developed a 2-step method to improve the PCDOT image both qualitatively and quantitatively at single-wavelength; then we've introduced a multispectral PCDOT algorithm to more efficiently reconstruct RI simultaneously with other tissue functional parameters and attempted to improve this algorithm by different structural regularization methods.
Download or read book Shape based image reconstruction methods for hyperspectral diffuse optical tomography written by Fridrik Larusson and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diffuse Optical Tomography and Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography written by Baohong Yuan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Monte Carlo Methods in Atmospheric Optics written by G.I. Marchuk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-05 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is devoted to urgent questions of the theory and applications of the Monte Carlo method for solving problems of atmospheric optics and hydrooptics. The importance of these problems has grown because of the increas ing need to interpret optical observations, and to estimate radiative balance precisely for weather forecasting. Inhomogeneity and sphericity of the atmos phere, absorption in atmospheric layers, multiple scattering and polarization of light, all create difficulties in solving these problems by traditional methods of computational mathematics. Particular difficulty arises when one must solve nonstationary problems of the theory of transfer of narrow beams that are connected with the estimation of spatial location and time characteristics of the radiation field. The most universal method for solving those problems is the Monte Carlo method, which is a numerical simulation of the radiative-transfer process. This process can be regarded as a Markov chain of photon collisions in a medium, which result in scattering or absorption. The Monte Carlo tech nique consists in computational simulation of that chain and in constructing statistical estimates of the desired functionals. The authors of this book have contributed to the development of mathemati cal methods of simulation and to the interpretation of optical observations. A series of general method using Monte Carlo techniques has been developed. The present book includes theories and algorithms of simulation. Numerical results corroborate the possibilities and give an impressive prospect of the applications of Monte Carlo methods.
Download or read book Evaluation of Forward Models for Time domain and Small scale Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography written by Juhua Huang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) and Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography (DFT) are emerging non-invasive imaging modalities for a range of clinical and pre-clinical applications. In DOT and DFT, forward modeling of light propagation through biological tissue between source and detector pairs plays a crucial role in image reconstruction. Two major methods for computing forward models have emerged in the literature: i) the diffusion approximation to the Boltzmann Transport Equation and, ii) Monte Carlo simulations. It is generally accepted that Diffusion Theory is less accurate than Monte Carlo methods. However, Monte Carlo models can require impractically long computation times (even with modern hardware acceleration), whereas Diffusion Theory computes extremely rapidly. As such we are interested in this speed-accuracy trade off, and in particular with respect to DFT technologies under development in our lab. In this thesis, we evaluated Diffusion Theory and two Monte Carlo based methods (the Adjoint and Photon Tracking methods) for computing forward models for time-domain DFT and small-scale DFT. We studied the agreement between these methods for a range of instrument geometries, pathlengths and time-points following a simulated laser pulse. Our results indicate that Jacobian functions through bulk tissue computed with Diffusion Theory generally agreed well with Monte Carlo methods under the conditions tested, with the exception of at very early time points following a laser pulse (about 5% of maximum on the rising edge of the transmitted time-resolved curve), for very large source-detector angular offsets and for very small geometries. As expected, greater inaccuracies were observed very close (within ≈ 10 transport mean-free-paths) to sources and detectors. Minor differences between the Monte Carlo Adjoint and Monte Carlo Photon Tracking methods were also identified for specific conditions with very small imaging volumes (on the order of 3 mm) and at extremely early time points following a laser pulse. As such, we conclude that for our DFT imaging problems Diffusion Theory is a valid and computationally efficient method for computing Jacobian functions under nearly all practical circumstances. Future studies include extension of this work to more complex geometries and a broader range of optical properties. The effect of minor disagreements in computed forward models on the inverse image reconstruction problem is also the subject of ongoing work.
Download or read book Advanced Biophotonics written by Ruikang K. Wang and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a number of books on biophotonics imaging for medical diagnostics and therapy, the field still lacks a comprehensive imaging book that describes state-of-the-art biophotonics imaging approaches intensively developed in recent years. Addressing this shortfall, Advanced Biophotonics: Tissue Optical Sectioning presents contemporary methods and
Download or read book Imaging light transport at the femtosecond scale written by Lorenzo Pattelli and published by Firenze University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A System on Chip Design of Diffuse Optical Tomography Based on Three Dimensional Nonlinear Hexagonal Reconstruction Algorithm written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sparse Reconstruction Methods in Fluorescence Diffuse Optical Tomography written by An Jin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Optical Biomedical Diagnostics written by Valeriĭ Viktorovich Tuchin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text begins by describing the basic principles and diagnostic applications of optical techniques based on detecting and processing the scattering, fluorescence, FT IR, and Raman spectroscopic signals from various tissues, with an emphasis on blood, epithelial tissues, and human skin. The second half of the volume discusses specific imaging technologies, such as Doppler, laser speckle, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging.
Download or read book Photoplethysmography written by Panicos A. Kyriacou and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-03 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoplethysmography: Technology, Signal Analysis, and Applications is the first comprehensive volume on the theory, principles, and technology (sensors and electronics) of photoplethysmography (PPG). It provides a detailed description of the current state-of-the-art technologies/optical components enabling the extreme miniaturization of such sensors, as well as comprehensive coverage of PPG signal analysis techniques including machine learning and artificial intelligence. The book also outlines the huge range of PPG applications in healthcare, with a strong focus on the contribution of PPG in wearable sensors and PPG for cardiovascular assessment. - Presents the underlying principles and technology surrounding PPG - Includes applications for healthcare and wellbeing - Focuses on PPG in wearable sensors and devices - Presents advanced signal analysis techniques - Includes cutting-edge research, applications and future directions
Download or read book Alternative Breast Imaging written by Keith D. Paulsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical imaging has been transformed over the past 30 years by the advent of computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and various advances in x-ray and ultrasonic techniques. An enabling force behind this progress has been the (so far) exponentially increasing power of computers, which has made it practical to explore fundamentally new approaches. In particular, what our group terms "model-based" modalities-which produce tissue property images from data using nonlinear, iterative numerical modeling techniques-have become increasingly feasible. Alternative Breast Imaging: Four Model-Based Approaches explores our research on four such modalities, particularly with regard to imaging of the breast: (1) MR elastography (MRE), (2) electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), (3) microwave imaging spectroscopy (MIS), and (4) near infrared spectroscopic imaging (NIS). Chapter 1 introduces the present state of breast imaging and discusses how our alternative modalities can contribute to the field. Chapter 2 looks at the computational common ground shared by all four modalities. Chapters 2 through 10 are devoted to the four modalities, with each modality being discussed first in a theory chapter and then in an implementation-and-results chapter. The eleventh and final chapter discusses statistical methods for image analysis in the context of these four alternative imaging modalities. Imaging for the detection of breast cancer is a particularly interesting and relevant application of the four imaging modalities discussed in this book. Breast cancer is an extremely common health problem for women; the National Cancer Institute estimates that one in eight US women will develop breast cancer at least once in her lifetime. Yet the efficacy of the standard (and notoriously uncomfortable) early-detection test, the x-ray mammogram, has been disputed of late, especially for younger women. Conditions are thus ripe for the development of affordable techniques that replace or complement mammography. The breast is both anatomically accessible and small enough that the computing power required to model it, is affordable. Alternative Breast Imaging: Four Model-Based Approaches is structured to meet the needs of a professional audience composed of researchers and practitioners in industry. This book is also suitable for graduate-level students in computer science, electrical engineering and biomedical imaging.
