Download or read book Compositionality The Significant Difference written by Willem-Paul de Roever and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-05-20 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book originates from the International Symposium on Compositionality, COMPOS'97, held in Bad Malente, Germany in September 1997. The 25 chapters presented in revised full version reflect the current state of the art in the area of compositional reasoning about concurrency. The book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in formal systems design and analysis; it also is well suited for self study and use in advanced courses.

Download or read book Compositionality and Concepts in Linguistics and Psychology written by James A. Hampton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By highlighting relations between experimental and theoretical work, this volume explores new ways of addressing one of the central challenges in the study of language and cognition. The articles bring together work by leading scholars and younger researchers in psychology, linguistics and philosophy. An introductory chapter lays out the background on concept composition, a problem that is stimulating much new research in cognitive science. Researchers in this interdisciplinary domain aim to explain how meanings of complex expressions are derived from simple lexical concepts and to show how these meanings connect to concept representations. Traditionally, much of the work on concept composition has been carried out within separate disciplines, where cognitive psychologists have concentrated on concept representations, and linguists and philosophers have focused on the meaning and use of logical operators. This volume demonstrates an important change in this situation, where convergence points between these three disciplines in cognitive science are emerging and are leading to new findings and theoretical insights. This book is open access under a CC BY license.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality written by Markus Werning and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book leading scholars from every relevant field report on all aspects of compositionality, the notion that the meaning of an expression can be derived from its parts. Understanding how compositionality works is a central element of syntactic and semantic analysis and a challenge for models of cognition. It is a key concept in linguistics and philosophy and in the cognitive sciences more generally, and is without question one of the most exciting fields in the study of language and mind. The authors of this book report critically on lines of research in different disciplines, revealing the connections between them and highlighting current problems and opportunities. The force and justification of compositionality have long been contentious. First proposed by Frege as the notion that the meaning of an expression is generally determined by the meaning and syntax of its components, it has since been deployed as a constraint on the relation between theories of syntax and semantics, as a means of analysis, and more recently as underlying the structures of representational systems, such as computer programs and neural architectures. The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality explores these and many other dimensions of this challenging field. It will appeal to researchers and advanced students in linguistics and philosophy and to everyone concerned with the study of language and cognition including those working in neuroscience, computational science, and bio-informatics.

Download or read book Open Compositionality written by Eduardo García-Ramírez and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Open Compositionality: Towards a New Methodology of Language argues that natural languages, like English and Spanish, are not only systems of representation useful for communication but also highly interactive cognitive capacities allowing humans to engage in complex forms of cognition. This view goes against the orthodox approach within philosophy of language, which considers natural languages to be specialized systems consisting of only linguistic elements and functioning in a closed compositional manner, allowing for fully formal, algebraic descriptions. Eduardo García-Ramírez rejects the longstanding principle of compositionality, according to which the meaning of any complex expression is fully determined by its parts and the way they are combined, and he substitutes it with an alternative, open, and interactive one. This novel view of the nature of language better accounts for the empirical evidence. García Ramírez develops an account of open compositionality, accompanied by the cognition-first methodology, in which natural languages are conceived as supermodular cognitive capacities that allow for interaction among multiple distinct areas of human cognition. The explanatory success of this original proposal and its accompanying methodology are tested by the author’s account of three enduring philosophical problems: substitution failure, empty names, and the nature of moral discourse.

Download or read book Semantic Web Services Processes and Applications written by Jorge Cardoso and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semantics, Web services, and Web processes promise better re-use, universal interoperability and integration. Semantics has been recognized as the primary tool to address the challenges of a broad spectrum of heterogeneity and for improving automation through machine understandable descriptions. Semantic Web Services, Processes and Applications brings contributions from researchers who study, explore and understand the semantic enabling of all phases of semantic Web processes. This encompasses design, annotation, discovery, choreography and composition. Also this book presents fundamental capabilities and techniques associated with ontological modeling or services, annotation, matching and mapping, and reasoning. This is complemented by discussion of applications in e-Government and bioinformatics. Special bulk rates are available for course adoption through Publishing Editor.

Download or read book Foundations of Software Science and Computation Structures written by Mogens Nielsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-03-22 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ETAPS 2002 is the ?fth instance of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. ETAPS is an annual federated conference that was established in 1998by combining a number of existing and new conferences. This year it comprises ?ve conferences (FOSSACS, FASE, ESOP, CC, TACAS), thirteen satellite workshops (ACL2, AGT, CMCS, COCV, DCC, INT, LDTA, SC, SFEDL, SLAP, SPIN, TPTS and VISS), eight invited lectures (not including those that are speci?c to the satellite events), and several tutorials. The events that comprise ETAPS address various aspects of the system - velopment process, including speci?cation, design, implementation, analysis and improvement. The languages, methodologies and tools which support these - tivities are all well within its scope. Di?erent blends of theory and practice are represented, with an inclination towards theory with a practical motivation on one hand and soundly-based practice on the other. Many of the issues involved in software design apply to systems in general, including hardware systems, and the emphasis on software is not intended to be exclusive.

Download or read book Handbook of Model Checking written by Edmund M. Clarke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 1210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model checking is a computer-assisted method for the analysis of dynamical systems that can be modeled by state-transition systems. Drawing from research traditions in mathematical logic, programming languages, hardware design, and theoretical computer science, model checking is now widely used for the verification of hardware and software in industry. The editors and authors of this handbook are among the world's leading researchers in this domain, and the 32 contributed chapters present a thorough view of the origin, theory, and application of model checking. In particular, the editors classify the advances in this domain and the chapters of the handbook in terms of two recurrent themes that have driven much of the research agenda: the algorithmic challenge, that is, designing model-checking algorithms that scale to real-life problems; and the modeling challenge, that is, extending the formalism beyond Kripke structures and temporal logic. The book will be valuable for researchers and graduate students engaged with the development of formal methods and verification tools.

Download or read book CONCUR 2003 Concurrency Theory written by Roberto Amadio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-12-03 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR 2003, held in Marseille, France in September 2003. The 29 revised full papers presented together with 4 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 107 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on partial orders and asynchronous systems, process algebras, games, infinite systems, probabilistic automata, model checking, model checking and HMSC, security, mobility, compositional methods and real time, and probabilistic models.

Download or read book FME 2003 Formal Methods written by Keijiro Araki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-10-02 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ThisvolumecontainstheproceedingsofFM2003,the12thInternationalFormal Methods Europe Symposium which was held in Pisa, Italy on September 8–14, 2003. Formal Methods Europe (FME, www. fmeurope. org) is an independent - sociation which aims to stimulate the use of and research on formal methods for system development. FME conferences began with a VDM Europe symposium in 1987. Since then, the meetings have grown and have been held about once - ery 18 months. Throughout the years the symposia have been notably successful in bringing together researchers, tool developers, vendors, and users, both from academia and from industry. Unlike previous symposia in the series, FM 2003 was not given a speci?c theme. Rather, its main goal could be synthesized as “widening the scope. ” Indeed, the organizers aimed at enlarging the audience and impact of the symposium along several directions. Dropping the su?x ‘E’ from the title of the conference re?ects the wish to welcome participation and contribution from every country; also,contributionsfromoutsidethetraditionalFormalMethodscommunitywere solicited. The recent innovation of including an Industrial Day as an important part of the symposium shows the strong commitment to involve industrial p- ple more and more within the Formal Methods community. Even the traditional and rather fuzzy borderline between “software engineering formal methods” and methods and formalisms exploited in di?erent ?elds of engineering was so- what challenged.

Download or read book Analyzing Compositional Data with R written by K. Gerald van den Boogaart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the statistical analysis of compositional data sets, i.e., data in percentages, proportions, concentrations, etc. The subject is covered from its grounding principles to the practical use in descriptive exploratory analysis, robust linear models and advanced multivariate statistical methods, including zeros and missing values, and paying special attention to data visualization and model display issues. Many illustrated examples and code chunks guide the reader into their modeling and interpretation. And, though the book primarily serves as a reference guide for the R package “compositions,” it is also a general introductory text on Compositional Data Analysis. Awareness of their special characteristics spread in the Geosciences in the early sixties, but a strategy for properly dealing with them was not available until the works of Aitchison in the eighties. Since then, research has expanded our understanding of their theoretical principles and the potentials and limitations of their interpretation. This is the first comprehensive textbook addressing these issues, as well as their practical implications with regard to software. The book is intended for scientists interested in statistically analyzing their compositional data. The subject enjoys relatively broad awareness in the geosciences and environmental sciences, but the spectrum of recent applications also covers areas like medicine, official statistics, and economics. Readers should be familiar with basic univariate and multivariate statistics. Knowledge of R is recommended but not required, as the book is self-contained.

Download or read book Compositionality Concurrency and Partial Correctness written by Job Zwiers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1989-02-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hierarchical decomposition of programs into smaller ones is generally considered imperative to master the complexity of large programs. The impact of this principle of program decomposition on the specification and verification of parallel executed programs is the subject of this monograph. Two important yardsticks for verification methods, those of compositionality and modularity, are made precise. The problem of reusing software is addressed by the introduction of the notion of specification adaptation. Within this context, different methods for specifying the observable behavior with respect to partial correctness of communicating processes are considered, and in particular the contrast between the "programs are predicates" and the "programs are predicate transformers" paradigms is shown. The associated formal proof systems are proven sound and complete in various senses with respect to the denotational semantics of the programming language, and they are related to each other to give an in-depth comparison between the different styles of program verification. The programming language TNP used here is near to actual languages like Occam. It combines CCS/CSP style communication based programming with state based programming, and allows dynamically expanding and shrinking networks of processes.

Download or read book Representation Learning for Natural Language Processing written by Zhiyuan Liu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-03 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.

Download or read book On Goodness written by David Wolfsdorf and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On Goodness attempts to answer the question "What is goodness?" The method it employs to answer this question is linguistic. The central methodological claim of the book is that answering the question "What is goodness?" requires answering the question "What does the word 'goodness' mean?" Consequently, On Goodness is pervasively informed by and critically engaged with ideas and theories in contemporary linguistics.

Download or read book A Compositional Approach to Statecharts Semantics written by Gerald Luettgen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Statecharts is a visual language for specifying reactive system behavior. The formalism extends traditional finite-state machines with notions of hierarchy and concurrency, and it is used in many popular software design notations. A large part of the appeal of Statecharts derives from its basis in state machines, with their intuitive operational interpretation. The traditional semantics of Statecharts, however, suffers from a serious defect: it is not compositional, meaning that the behavior of system descriptions cannot be inferred from the behavior of their subsystems. Compositionality is a prerequisite for exploiting the modular structure of Statecharts for simulation, verification, and code generation, and it also provides the necessary foundation for reusability. This paper suggests a new compositional approach to formalizing Statecharts semantics as flattened transition systems in which transitions represent system steps. The approach builds on ideas developed for timed process calculi and employs structural operational rules to define the transitions of a Statecharts expression in terms of the transitions of its subexpressions. It is first investigated for a simple dialect of Statecharts, with respect to a variant of Pnueli and Shalev's semantics, and is illustrated by means of a small example. To demonstrate its flexibility, the proposed approach is then extended to deal with practically useful features available in many Statecharts variants, namely state references, history states, and priority concepts along state hierarchies."

Download or read book Compositionality in Formal Semantics written by Barbara H. Partee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compositionality in Formal Semantics is a collection of Barbara Partee’s papers that have been influential in the field but are not readily available and includes a new introductory essay in which Partee reflects on how her thinking and the field of semantics have developed over the past 35 years. Brings together, in one volume, influential but difficult to find papers by one of the most important researchers in formal semantics. Includes a new introductory essay in which Partee reflects on how her research and the field of semantics have developed over the past 35 years. Discusses critical themes in semantic theory.

Download or read book Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy Part 2 Theories and Applications written by Alessandro Capone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two sections of this volume present theoretical developments and practical applicative papers respectively. Theoretical papers cover topics such as intercultural pragmatics, evolutionism, argumentation theory, pragmatics and law, the semantics/pragmatics debate, slurs, and more. The applied papers focus on topics such as pragmatic disorders, mapping places of origin, stance-taking, societal pragmatics, and cultural linguistics. This is the second volume of invited papers that were presented at the inaugural Pragmasofia conference in Palermo in 2016, and like its predecessor presents papers by well-known philosophers, linguists, and a semiotician. The papers present a wide variety of perspectives independent from any one school of thought.

Download or read book The Dynamics of Thought written by Peter Gardenfors and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a selection from the articles that I have written over a period of more than twenty years. Since the focus of my research interests has shifted several times during this period, it would be difficult to identify a common theme for all the papers in the volume. Following the Swedish tradition, I therefore present this as a smörgåsbord of philosophical and cognitive issues that I have worked on. To create some order, I have organized the sixteen papers into five general sections: (1) Decision theory; (2) belief revision and nonmonotonic logic; (3) induction; (4) semantics and pragmatics; and (5) cognition and evolution. Having said this, I still think that there is a common theme to my work over the years: The dynamics of thought. My academic interests have all the time dealt with aspects of how different kinds of knowledge should be represented, and, in particular, how changes in knowledge will affect thinking. Hence the title of the book.