Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality written by Markus Werning and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-09 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book leading scholars from every relevant field report on all aspects of compositionality, the notion that the meaning of an expression can be derived from its parts. Understanding how compositionality works is a central element of syntactic and semantic analysis and a challenge for models of cognition. It is a key concept in linguistics and philosophy and in the cognitive sciences more generally, and is without question one of the most exciting fields in the study of language and mind. The authors of this book report critically on lines of research in different disciplines, revealing the connections between them and highlighting current problems and opportunities. The force and justification of compositionality have long been contentious. First proposed by Frege as the notion that the meaning of an expression is generally determined by the meaning and syntax of its components, it has since been deployed as a constraint on the relation between theories of syntax and semantics, as a means of analysis, and more recently as underlying the structures of representational systems, such as computer programs and neural architectures. The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality explores these and many other dimensions of this challenging field. It will appeal to researchers and advanced students in linguistics and philosophy and to everyone concerned with the study of language and cognition including those working in neuroscience, computational science, and bio-informatics.

Download or read book Philosophy of Psychology Contemporary Readings written by Jose Luis Bermudez and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-01-24 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy of Psychology: Contemporary Readings is a comprehensive anthology that includes classic and contemporary readings from leading philosophers. Addressing in depth the major topics within philosophy of psychology, the editor has carefully selected articles under the following headings: pictures of the mind commonsense psychology representation and cognitive architecture. Articles by the following philosophers are included: Blackburn, Churchland, Clark, Cummins, Dennett, Davidson, Fodor, Kitcher, Lewis, Lycan, McDowell, McLeod, Rey, Segal, Stich. Each section includes a helpful introduction by the editor which aims to guide the student gently into the topic. The book is highly accessible and provides a broad-ranging exploration of the subject, including discussion of the leading philosophers in the field. Ideal for any student of philosophy of psychology or philosophy of mind.

Download or read book PRICAI 96 Topics in Artificial Intelligence written by Norman Foo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI '96, held in Cairns, Queensland, Australia in August 1996. The 56 revised full papers included in the book were carefully selected for presentation at the conference from a total of 175 submissions. The topics covered are machine learning, interactive systems, knowledge representation, reasoning about change, neural nets and uncertainty, natural language, constraint satisfaction and optimization, qualitative reasoning, automated deduction, nonmonotonic reasoning, intelligent agents, planning, and pattern recognition.

Download or read book Philosophy and Theory of Artificial Intelligence written by Vincent C. Müller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-23 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we make machines that think and act like humans or other natural intelligent agents? The answer to this question depends on how we see ourselves and how we see the machines in question. Classical AI and cognitive science had claimed that cognition is computation, and can thus be reproduced on other computing machines, possibly surpassing the abilities of human intelligence. This consensus has now come under threat and the agenda for the philosophy and theory of AI must be set anew, re-defining the relation between AI and Cognitive Science. We can re-claim the original vision of general AI from the technical AI disciplines; we can reject classical cognitive science and replace it with a new theory (e.g. embodied); or we can try to find new ways to approach AI, for example from neuroscience or from systems theory. To do this, we must go back to the basic questions on computing, cognition and ethics for AI. The 30 papers in this volume provide cutting-edge work from leading researchers that define where we stand and where we should go from here.

Download or read book The Qualification Problem the Frame Problem and Nonmonotonic Logic written by Charles P. Elkan and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Concise Encyclopedia of Semantics written by Keith Allan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-04-06 with total page 1103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concise Encyclopedia of Semantics is a comprehensive new reference work aiming to systematically describe all aspects of the study of meaning in language. It synthesizes in one volume the latest scholarly positions on the construction, interpretation, clarification, obscurity, illustration, amplification, simplification, negotiation, contradiction, contraction and paraphrasing of meaning, and the various concepts, analyses, methodologies and technologies that underpin their study. It examines not only semantics but the impact of semantic study on related fields such as morphology, syntax, and typologically oriented studies such as 'grammatical semantics', where semantics has made a considerable contribution to our understanding of verbal categories like tense or aspect, nominal categories like case or possession, clausal categories like causatives, comparatives, or conditionals, and discourse phenomena like reference and anaphora. COSE also examines lexical semantics and its relation to syntax, pragmatics, and cognitive linguistics; and the study of how 'logical semantics' develops and thrives, often in interaction with computational linguistics. As a derivative volume from Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Second Edition, it comprises contributions from 150 of the foremost scholars of semantics in their various specializations and draws on 20+ years of development in the parent work in a compact and affordable format. Principally intended for tertiary level inquiry and research, this will be invaluable as a reference work for undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as academics inquiring into the study of meaning and meaning relations within languages. As semantics is a centrally important and inherently cross-cutting area within linguistics it will therefore be relevant not just for semantics specialists, but for most linguistic audiences. - The first encyclopedia ever published in this fascinating and diverse field - Combines the talents of the world's leading semantics specialists - The latest trends in the field authoritatively reviewed and interpreted in context of related disciplines - Drawn from the richest, most authoritative, comprehensive and internationally acclaimed reference resource in the linguistics area - Compact and affordable single volume reference format

Download or read book The Robots Dilemma written by Zenon W. Pylyshyn and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1987 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each of the chapters in this volume devotes considerable attention to defining and elaborating the notion of the frame problem-one of the hard problems of artificial intelligence. Not only do the chapters clarify the problems at hand, they shed light on the different approaches taken by those in artificial intelligence and by certain philosophers who have been concerned with related problems in their field. The book should therefore not be read merely as a discussion of the frame problem narrowly conceived, but also as a general analysis of what could be a major challenge to the design of computer systems exhibiting general intelligence.

Download or read book Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds written by Antonio Lieto and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Design for Artificial Minds explains the crucial role that human cognition research plays in the design and realization of artificial intelligence systems, illustrating the steps necessary for the design of artificial models of cognition. It bridges the gap between the theoretical, experimental, and technological issues addressed in the context of AI of cognitive inspiration and computational cognitive science. Beginning with an overview of the historical, methodological, and technical issues in the field of cognitively inspired artificial intelligence, Lieto illustrates how the cognitive design approach has an important role to play in the development of intelligent AI technologies and plausible computational models of cognition. Introducing a unique perspective that draws upon Cybernetics and early AI principles, Lieto emphasizes the need for an equivalence between cognitive processes and implemented AI procedures, in order to realize biologically and cognitively inspired artificial minds. He also introduces the Minimal Cognitive Grid, a pragmatic method to rank the different degrees of biological and cognitive accuracy of artificial systems in order to project and predict their explanatory power with respect to the natural systems taken as a source of inspiration. Providing a comprehensive overview of cognitive design principles in constructing artificial minds, this text will be essential reading for students and researchers of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

Download or read book Automotive Software Connected Services in Mobile Networks written by Manfred Broy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-27 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the First Automotive Software Workshop, ASWD 2004, held in San Diego, CA, USA in January 2004. The 10 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 lectures held at the workshop that brought together experts from industry and academia, working on highly complex, distributed, reactive software systems related to the automotive domain.

Download or read book Alasdair Urquhart on Nonclassical and Algebraic Logic and Complexity of Proofs written by Ivo Düntsch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-24 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to the work of Alasdair Urquhart. The book starts out with an introduction to and an overview of Urquhart’s work, and an autobiographical essay by Urquhart. This introductory section is followed by papers on algebraic logic and lattice theory, papers on the complexity of proofs, and papers on philosophical logic and history of logic. The final section of the book contains a response to the papers by Urquhart. Alasdair Urquhart has made extremely important contributions to a variety of fields in logic. He produced some of the earliest work on the semantics of relevant logic. He provided the undecidability of the logics R (of relevant implication) and E (of relevant entailment), as well as some of their close neighbors. He proved that interpolation fails in some of those systems. Urquhart has done very important work in complexity theory, both about the complexity of proofs in classical and some nonclassical logics. In pure algebra, he has produced a representation theorem for lattices and some rather beautiful duality theorems. In addition, he has done important work in the history of logic, especially on Bertrand Russell, including editing Volume four of Russell’s Collected Papers.

Download or read book The Compositionality of Meaning and Content written by Markus Werning and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representational systems such as language, mind or brain, exhibit a structure that is widely assumed to be compositional, i.e., the semantic value of complex representations is determined by the semantic values of its parts. Dating back to the late nineteenth century, the principle of compositionality has recently regained wide attention. Since the way the principle has been dealt with differs across disciplines, the aim of these two volumes is to conjoin the diverging approaches. The editors have assembled a collection of original essays that cover the topic of compositionality from virtually all perspectives of interest in the contemporary debate. The well chosen international list of authors includes psychologists, neuroscientists, computer scientists, linguists and philosophers, among them: D. Bonnais; Johannes Brandl; Marc Breuer; David Byrd; Daniel Cohnitz; Malte Dahlgrn; Reinaldo Elugardo; Tim Fernando; Kenneth Gemes; Verena Gottschling; Pierre Jacob; Hannes Leitgeb; Menno Lievers; Alda Mari ; Jaume Mateu; Albert Newen; Jaroslav Peregrin; Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen; Kenneth Presting; Oleg Prosorov; Gerhard Schurz ; Finn Spicer; and Markus Werning. Markus Werning, Edouard Machery, and Gerhard Schurz are professors of philosophy at the Heinrich-Heine-University at Duesseldorf, Germany.

Download or read book Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science written by Mark H. Bickhard and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-03-07 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves asdistortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, butencodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.

Download or read book Frames and Concept Types written by Thomas Gamerschlag and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-26 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume showcases the potential richness of frame representations. The presentation includes introductory articles on the application of frames to linguistics and philosophy of science, offering readers the tools to conduct the interdisciplinary investigation of concepts that frames allow. * Introductory articles on the application of frames to linguistics and philosophy of science * Frame analysis of changes in scientific concepts * Event frames and lexical decomposition * Properties, frame attributes and adjectives * Frames in concept composition * Nominal concept types and determination​ "This volume deals with frame representations and their relations to concept types in linguistics and philosophy of science. It aims at reviving concepts and frames as a common model across disciplines for representing semantic and conceptual knowledge. Departing from the general assumption that frames are not just an arbitrary format of representation but essential to human cognition, a number of case studies apply frames as an analytical tool to a wide range of phenomena, from changes in scientific concepts to particular linguistic phenomena. This provides new insights into long-standing semantic issues, such as the lexical representation of verbs (as predicative frames specifying particular event descriptions or situation types and their participants), adjectives and nominals (as concept frames, which provide attributes and properties of an entity), as well as modification, complementation, possessive constructions, compounding, nominal concept types, determination, or definiteness marking." Bert Gehrke, Pompeu, Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain

Download or read book The Value of Emotions for Knowledge written by Laura Candiotto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative new volume analyses the role of emotions in knowledge acquisition. It focuses on the field of philosophy of emotions at the exciting intersection between epistemology and philosophy of mind and cognitive science to bring us an in-depth analysis of the epistemological value of emotions in reasoning. With twelve chapters by leading and up-and-coming academics, this edited collection shows that emotions do count for our epistemic enterprise. Against scepticism about the possible positive role emotions play in knowledge, the authors highlight the how and the why of this potential, lucidly exploring the key aspects of the functionality of emotions. This is explored in relation to: specific kinds of knowledge such as self-understanding, group-knowledge and wisdom; specific functions played by certain emotions in these cases, such as disorientation in enquiry and contempt in practical reason; the affective experience of the epistemic subjects and communities.

Download or read book Creating a More Transparent Internet written by Piek Vossen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On social media, new forms of communication arise rapidly, many of which are intense, dispersed, and create new communities at a global scale. Such communities can act as distinct information bubbles with their own perspective on the world, and it is difficult for people to find and monitor all these perspectives and relate the different claims made. Within this digital jungle of perspectives on truth, it is difficult to make informed decisions on important things like vaccinations, democracy, and climate change. Understanding and modeling this phenomenon in its full complexity requires an interdisciplinary approach, utilizing the ample data provided by digital communication to offer new insights and opportunities. This interdisciplinary book gives a comprehensive view on social media communication, the different forms it takes, the impact and the technology used to mine it, and defines the roadmap to a more transparent Web.

Download or read book Solving the Frame Problem written by Murray Shanahan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1969, John McCarthy and Pat Hayes uncovered a problem that has haunted the field of artificial intelligence ever since--the frame problem. The problem arises when logic is used to describe the effects of actions and events. Put simply, it is the problem of representing what remains unchanged as a result of an action or event. Many researchers in artificial intelligence believe that its solution is vital to the realization of the field's goals. Solving the Frame Problem presents the various approaches to the frame problem that have been proposed over the years. The author presents the material chronologically--as an unfolding story rather than as a body of theory to be learned by rote. There are lessons to be learned even from the dead ends researchers have pursued, for they deepen our understanding of the issues surrounding the frame problem. In the book's concluding chapters, the author offers his own work on event calculus, which he claims comes very close to a complete solution to the frame problem. Artificial Intelligence series

Download or read book Frames of Understanding in Text and Discourse written by Alexander Ziem and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do words mean? What is the nature of meaning? How can we grasp a word’s meaning? The frame-semantic approach developed in this book offers some well-founded answers to such long-standing, but still controversial issues. Following Charles Fillmore’s definition of frames as both organizers of experience and tools for understanding, the monograph attempts to examine one of the most important concepts of Cognitive Linguistics in more detail. The point of departure is Fillmore’s conception of “frames of understanding” – an approach to (cognitive) semantics that Fillmore developed from 1975 to 1985. The envisaged Understanding Semantics (“U-Semantics”) is a semantic theory sui generis whose significance for linguistic research cannot be overestimated. In addition to its crucial role in the development of the theoretical foundations of U-semantics, corpus-based frame semantics can be applied fruitfully in the investigation of knowledge-building processes in text and discourse.