Download or read book Comparison of Potential Business Structures for a Biodiesel Production Facility and Analysis of Tennessee Soybean Producers Willingness to Join a New Generation Cooperative to Produce Biodiesel written by Yu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating New generation Cooperatives as an Organizational Structure for Methyl Ester biodiesel Production written by Donald L. Van Dyne and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999-04 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes: background and philosophy of New Generation Coops (NGCs); NGCs vs. conventional coops; initiation and implementation of NGCs; producing methyl ester/biodiesel from soybean oil under conventional and new generation coop ownership and operation; conventional soybean marketing and processing; traditional system and NGC system; an illustrative case of a new generation coop owning and operating a community-based soybean processing/transesterification plant; biodiesel production potential in Central Missouri on a per acre basis; and the economics of an illustrative application of retained ownership on a per bushel basis.

Download or read book Journal of Agribusiness written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Business Management for Biodiesel Producers written by Jon Harlan Van Gerpen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biodiesel Feedstocks Technologies Economics and Barriers written by Armen B. Avagyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution policy is closely connected with climate change, public health, energy, transport, trade, and agriculture, and generally speaking, the Earth has been pushed to the brink and the damage is becoming increasingly obvious. The transport sector remains a foremost source of air pollutants – a fact that has stimulated the production of biofuels. This book focuses on the biodiesel industry, and proposes a modification of the entire manufacturing chain that would pave the way for further improvements. Oil derived from oilseed plantations/crops is the most commonly used feedstock for the production of biodiesel. At the same time, the UK’s Royal Academy of Engineering and 178 scientists in the Netherlands have determined that some biofuels, such as diesel produced from food crops, have led to more emissions than those produced by fossil fuels. Accordingly, this book re-evaluates the full cycle of biodiesel production in order to help find optimal solutions. It confirms that the production and use of fertilizers for the cultivation of crop feedstocks generate considerably more GHG emissions compared to the mitigation achieved by using biodiesel. To address this fertilization challenge, projecting future biofuel development requires a scenario in which producers shift to an organic agriculture approach that includes the use of microalgae. Among advanced biofuels, algae’s advantages as a feedstock include the highest conversion of solar energy, and the ability to absorb CO2 and pollutants; as such, it is the better choice for future fuels. With regard to the question of why algae’s benefits have not been capitalized on for biofuel production, our analyses indicate that the sole main barrier to realizing algae’s biofuel potential is ineffective international and governmental policies, which create difficulties in reconciling the goals of economic development and environmental protection.

Download or read book Methods and Micro Economy of Biodiesel Production written by Per Kleinschmidt and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2010 in the subject Environmental Sciences, The Slovak Technical University (Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology), language: English, abstract: In the last years an increased discussion around bio fuel has been recognised. The motivations for more intense focus on this sector have been for different reasons. This start with the decoupling the dependency of crude oil and what mean more independent form other countries. Our economical system is also depending on the constantly delivering of the demand amount of crude oil at all time and also for a reasonable price. This has direct impact in our competition delivering of product on the world marked and therefore also for the gross income of the state. The goal of this study is an interdisciplinary scientific work. Main focus is on business economics, but on the base of existing technology to produce bio diesel fuel. The subject should for the bio diesel fuel plant follow the economic efficiency as well as economically and technically aspects. At the moment there are none published data or support for investors or companies, who wants to aim this market strategically. This contribution explains the most important parameters for a management decision of a investing into a bio diesel fuel plant and penetrating this market or not (cut off for market information is calendar week 26 in July 2010). The study will reinforces and supported through all part of the work with literature research.

Download or read book Feedstocks for Sustainable Biodiesel Production written by Chinwe P. Okonkwo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-08-28 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complete and practical guidance on using biodegradable feedstocks for biodiesel production Feedstocks for Sustainable Biodiesel Production: Characterization, Selection, and Optimization helps readers understand the advantages, challenges, and potential of different biodegradable feedstock options that can be used in biodiesel production, covering methods of feedstock sourcing extraction, environmental concerns, cost-benefit aspects, practical applications, and more. Specific biodegradable feedstocks covered in this text include chrysobalamus icaco, cussonia bateri, elaeis guineensis, waste cooking oils, moringa oleifera, jatropha curcas, chlorophyceae (unicellular green algae), fucus vesiculosus (micro algae), afzelia africana, cucurbita pepo, hura crepitans, cuyperus esculentus, colocynthus vulgaris, and others. This book explores topics such as: Key characteristics of biodiesel, using biodiesel as an alternative to petroleum diesel, and a review of the latest industry standards, practices, and trends Basis of the selection of specific (including nonedible) feedstocks for different applications and the addition of new, innovative feedstocks in recent years Specific sustainability benefits of nonedible feedstocks, which can be grown on abandoned land where they do not compete with food crops Government policies aimed at finding fossil fuel alternatives which will increase biodegradable feedstock adoption Experimental and predictive modeling of biodiesel produced from novel feedstocks using computational intelligence techniques Providing both core foundational knowledge on the subject as well as insight on how to practically transition away from fossil fuels, this book is an essential reference for engineering professionals with a specific interest in biodiesel production, sustainability, renewable energy, and environmental conservation.

Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Biodiesel Produced from Wastewater Greases written by Megan Elizabeth Hums and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental impacts of producing biofuels from greases that accumulate in wastewater systems. The research in this thesis is accomplished through performing four tasks: (1) identification of the statistical variability in wastewater grease composition and its subsequent impact on biodiesel production capacity, (2) exploration of processing methods and their performance in meeting biodiesel fuel specifications, (3) evaluation of the environmental performance of biodiesel produced from wastewater grease feedstock, and (4) analysis of economic and environmental feasibility of producing biodiesel from wastewater greases. The two wastewater greases investigated in this thesis are grease trap waste (GTW), which is collected at restaurants, and sewage scum grease (SSG), which is collected at wastewater resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Because wastewater greases are heterogeneous, degraded, and contain large amounts of water, solids, and impurities, GTW and SSG require different chemistry and additional processing steps for biodiesel production compared to conventional biodiesel feedstocks. The composition variability and a variety of parameters including wastewater quality are assessed during a year-long longitudinal study of GTW and SSG. GTW is primarily composed of water and has low lipid content (4%); however, ambient settling of GTW produces a floating grease layer that concentrates the lipids (34%). The average lipid content SSG (21%) is comparable to the float grease in GTW; however, SSG lipid content exhibits seasonal variability that is not observed in GTW. SSG has higher lipid content in cooler months (15-40%) and lower lipid content in warmer months (3-21%). Both GTW and SSG lipids have similar free fatty acid content (75%) affects the reaction pathways used for conversion into biodiesel. Technical feasibility of biodiesel production is assessed using a variety of reactors and distillation techniques. A major hurdle to producing biodiesel is reducing sulfur content to meet fuel specifications; approximately 56% of wastewater grease biofuel samples in this project contain between 15-30 ppm sulfur, and only 23% are below the required fuel specification of 15 ppm sulfur. Sulfur contents are shown to decrease throughout biodiesel production with an overall sulfur reduction of 75-96%. This thesis presents life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis to determine the environmental impacts and economics of biodiesel produced from wastewater greases. A process model is used to incorporate experimental biodiesel processing results and to create an inventory of the materials and energy required for biodiesel production. Monte Carlo simulation is used to perform a sensitivity analysis utilizing the longitudinal study data for variability of composition and biodiesel plant capacities. LCA is used to compare the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of biodiesel production to current raw grease disposal (business as usual) and a variety of solid waste disposal facilities including anaerobic digestion, incineration, and landfilling. Each solid waste scenario produces biogenic fuels that are considered to displace an equal amount of an existing petroleum fuel; this replacement of the petroleum fuel is treated as a credit (negative value). The waste solid disposal is the highest contributor to GHG emissions (20-40%, depending on lipid content). Multiple solid waste disposals facilities are also analyzed and showed that landfilling has the highest GHG, followed by incineration, and anaerobic digestion has the lowest GHG emissions. Biodiesel production from wastewater greases has the potential to lower GHG emissions by 20-75% compared to current methods of disposal of wastewater greases.

Download or read book Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil Cost Analysis Biodiesel E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Biodiesel production from soybean oil. The process examined is a typical alkaline catalysis process. In this process, crude glycerol is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8758457, issued to Petrobras in 2014 (2) US Patent 20050204612, issued to Connemann in 2005 Keywords: Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, FAME, Glycerin, Transesterification, Refined Vegetable Oil

Download or read book Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel Production from Different Potential Feedstocks in the Philippines written by Rona Joyce B. Landoy and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to the worsening crisis on energy security and climate change, the Philippine Biofuels Law (Republic Act 9367) was enacted which mandates the blending of biodiesel to petroleum diesel sold in the country. Primarily, feedstock and pricing concerns led to stagnant growth of the Philippine biodiesel industry. Hence, viability of different potential biodiesel feedstocks such as coconut, oil palm, and soybean (first generation), jatropha and used cooking oil (second generation), and microalgae (third generation) was assessed through extensive research and developments. Among these sources, oil palm is regarded as the best complementary feedstock to coconut due to its high biodiesel productivity of 376 million liters per year. Oil palm biodiesel production in the Philippines was also found to have a low carbon footprint of 1.80 kg CO2e per liter and a GHG reduction potential of 42%, which corresponds to a GHG savings of about 1.05 million metric tons CO2e per year for a 5% blending mandate in 2025. Additionally, a low biodiesel selling price of about Php 33.26 per liter can be achieved from using this feedstock for biodiesel production. Hence, use of a low cost and readily available feedstock coupled with established processing technologies and pricing mechanisms will help boost the biodiesel industry in the Philippines.

Download or read book The Biodiesel Plant Development Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Growth and Direction of the Biodiesel Industry in the United States written by Nick D. Paulson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biodiesel industry in the United States has realized significant growth over the past decade through large increases in annual production and production capacity and a transition from smaller batch plants to larger-scale continuous producers. The larger, continuous-flow plants provide operating cost advantages over the smaller batch plants through their ability to capture co-products and reuse certain components in the production process. This paper uses a simple capital budgeting model developed by the authors along with production data supplied by industry sources to estimate production costs, return-on-investment levels, and break-even conditions for two common plant sizes (30 and 60 million gallon annual capacities) over a range of biodiesel and feedstock price levels. The analysis shows that the larger plant realizes returns to scale in both labor and capital costs, enabling the larger plant to pay up to $0.015 more per pound for the feedstock to achieve equivalent return levels as the smaller plant under the same conditions. The paper contributes to the growing literature on the biodiesel industry by using the most current conversion rates for the production technology and current price levels to estimate biodiesel production costs and potential plant performance, providing a useful follow-up to previous studies.

Download or read book A Model for Potential Cooperative Biodiesel Production in Gainesville Alachua County Florida written by Aneurin Thomas James Grant and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Refined petroleum diesel fuel is a ubiquitous source of energy used in the operations of heavy equipment, vehicles and machinery. Biodiesel is an alternative to refined petroleum diesel. It requires no engine or infrastructure modifications and the two are completely interchangeable, such that biodiesel can be mixed with diesel in any percentage. Biodiesel is a superior fuel to refined petroleum diesel. However, it is widely believed to be an expensive alternative to refined petroleum diesel. This study seeks to dispel this myth and to provide credible evidence to the contrary. It investigates the potential for a community-based, cooperative biodiesel production facility in Gainesville, Alachua, Florida, wherein waste cooking oil is collected by the city, processed at a refinery constructed by the city, made into biodiesel and used as a diesel proxy for the city's diesel fleets.

Download or read book Building a Successful Biodiesel Business written by Jon Harlan Van Gerpen and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is one of the fastest growing renewable fuel businesses; and this book is the most complete and current collection of information on biodiesel and what is needed to enter the business. It is for individuals who want to learn all about biodiesel, including feedstocks, technology, production methods, testing requirements and specifications, business issues, regulations, incentives, cost of production, equipment, and formulas on how to make it. The book is written in easy-to-understand terms; and gives readers a complete picture of all aspects of biodiesel and its production. A must-have book to learn about biodiesel and the biodiesel business.

Download or read book A Life Cycle Analysis Comparing Biodiesel Produced from Virgin Soybean Oil to Yellow Grease written by Orion Noah Polinsky and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mass Balance Modeling and Life Cycle Assessment of Microalgae derived Biodiesel Production written by Juhong Yuan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels produced from agricultural starch, sugar and oil crops such as corn, sugarcane, and palm, or first-generation biofuels, are produced at commercial scales worldwide. Though most biofuels are produced with the intent to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel dependency, these first-generation biofuels have increasingly been shown to be problematic; achieving little to no reduction in GHG emissions compared to their fossil fuel counterparts, competing with food and feed crops, and causing direct and indirect land use change. Second generation biofuel feedstocks, such as microalgae, are hoped to reduce or eliminate the drawbacks of first-generation feedstocks. This dissertation investigates the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from microalgae, with the main focus on primary energy requirements and life cycle GHG emissions. The dissertation includes a critical review of existing studies; a mass balance model of a simulated microalgae biodiesel production system; a detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of the production system with a variety of technology options for each step of the production process; and a scenario analysis with alternative utilization scenarios for the primary co-product from the system, lipid-extracted algal biomass residual. In addition to assessing and informing technology choices and strategies for environmentally preferable pathways among current algal biodiesel technologies, this research also addresses an important methodological issue in LCA, co-product allocation, and proposes some possible solutions to reduce the uncertainty caused by this issue. Results of the critical review show that significant variation exists among existing LCA studies of algal biodiesel production, which arises from inconsistency in both parameter assumptions and methodological choices. Even after a meta-analysis was conducted, which corrected for some differences in scope and key assumptions, the reviewed studies show a large range in life cycle primary energy and GHG emissions; 0.2 to 8.6 MJ per MJ of algal biodiesel, and -30 to 320 g of CO2e per MJ of algal biodiesel. This range is so large that very little can be concluded regarding the potential for algal biodiesel to meet the goals of second-generation biofuels, and provides the motivation for development an independent and original model for algal biodiesel production. A mass balance model for an integrated algal oil and biogas system was developed to understand nutrient, water and carbon flows and identify recycling opportunities. The model showed that recycling growth media and recovering nutrients from residual algal biomass through anaerobic digestion can reduce the total demand for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) by 66% and 35%, respectively. Freshwater and carbon dioxide requirements can also be reduced significantly under these conditions. The mass balance model provided the basis for developing a LCA model capable of incorporating multiple technology options and identifying preferable pathways. The LCA found the best performing scenario consists of normal nitrogen cultivation conditions (as opposed to nitrogen deficient conditions which can increase algal lipid content, but decrease overall productivity), a combination of bioflocculation and dissolved air flotation for harvesting algal cells from cultivation media, centrifugation for dewatering of separated algae, oil extraction from wet biomass using hexane solvent, transesterification of algal oil to biodiesel, and anaerobic digestion of biomass residual with the liquid digestate returning to cultivation ponds. This pathway results in a life cycle energy requirement and GHG emissions of 1.08 MJ and 73 g CO2-equivalent per MJ of biodiesel, with cultivation and oil extraction dominating energy use and emissions. This result suggests that current technologies can neither achieve a positive net energy return for algal biodiesel, nor achieve substantial reductions in CO2e emissions compared to petroleum diesel. A comparison between different scenarios for using the major co-product from algae biodiesel production, lipid-extracted algal biomass residual, suggests that utilizing the co-product within the production system for nutrient and energy recovery is preferable than utilizing it outside as animal feed from a life cycle perspective. A number of possible ways to allocate the environmental burdens between co-products were tested. Among them, system expansion and economic allocation return favorable results compared value-based allocation methods; however, there are still unsolved issues when applying system expansion, for example, current practices do not consider future market values in the context of a consequential LCA. This dissertation shows that the near-term performance of biodiesel derived from microalgae does not achieve the significant reductions in fossil energy dependence and GHG emissions hoped for from second-generation feedstocks. Furthermore, there is substantial uncertainty in technology performance and other key modeling parameters that could influence these findings. However, some promising, but still uncertain technologies, such as hydrothermal gasification, have the potential to achieve greater reduction in life cycle GHG emissions and energy consumption.

Download or read book Scale Up of Biodiesel Production Facility with Reduced Carbon Intensity written by Jennifer Case and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: