Download or read book Comparison of Hair and DNA based Approaches in Dietary Analysis of Free ranging Wolves Canis Lupus in Alberta Canada written by Carolyn Rachel Shores and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary information of free-ranging animals is essential for understanding their ecology, conservation and management. Carnivore diet is most frequently estimated using morphological analysis of prey remains found in scats. However, genetic methods are becoming increasingly common and may identify prey parts that are unidentifiable with morphological methods (Symondson 2002). We developed an easy and accurate molecular approach to assess occurrence of prey species in the diet of free-living wolves (Canis lupus) and compared the results to analyses of prey hair in the same samples. The occurrence of DNA and hair remains for moose (Alces alces), woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), deer (Odocoileus sp.), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and American beaver (Castor canadensis) were compared in wolf scats from northeastern Alberta, Canada. Detection of any prey species was 1.34 times as likely with DNA analysis than with hair analysis. DNA analysis showed significantly higher occurrences of every prey species (p
Download or read book Comparison of Two Methods Used to Characterize the Summer Diet of Gray Wolves Canis Lupus written by Bonnie S. Trejo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summer Wolf Diet in Northwestern Montana written by Jonathan Derbridge and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wolf (Canis lupus) diet can be estimated from undigested remains of prey in scats or through stable isotope analysis (SIA) of wolf hair when distinct Iþ13C and Iþ15N values of potential diet sources are known. Our objectives were to compare diet analysis methods, to estimate intra-population diet variability, and to determine proportions of prey consumed by wolves. We collected scats of 4 wolf packs in northwestern Montana from June to August 2008, and guard hairs of 45 wolves from 12 packs, May to August 2009. We calculated percent biomass consumed of deer (Odocoileus spp.), elk (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), and other items from scats, and used Pearson's chi-squared tests of proportions to measure differences among packs. We used hierarchical Bayesian stable isotope mixing models to determine diet and scales of diet variation from Iþ13C and Iþ15N values of wolves and prey. We used bootstrapped scat data, and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation data from stable isotopes to estimate confidence intervals of difference between results from each technique for 4 packs with matched samples. Diet results were not consistent between techniques. Deer was the most common prey item based on scats, and moose the most common based on SIA. Wolf diet was significantly different among packs based on scats, and differences among packs explained most variability in diet based on stable isotopes. We sampled 3 times as many packs for less than half the cost with SIA compared to scat analysis. Experimental data on wolf hair growth period and wolf-specific Iþ13C and Iþ15N fractionation values would provide important information for recommending the better technique.
Download or read book Diet Preference and Parasites of Grey Wolves in Riding Mountain National Park of Canada written by Tim A. Sallows and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I studied the diet preference of grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Riding Mountain National Park (RMNP) of Canada using faecal samples collected from fall 2001 to summer of 2003. Of 369 faeces analyzed and 413 food items identified, elk, (wapiti) (Cervus elaphus) represented 53.93% of wolf diet, followed by: beaver (Castor canadensis) 18.70%; moose (Alces alces) 14.09%; white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) 10.03% and hare 3.25%. In all seasons, elk are the most commonly occurring prey species. Beaver, moose, and white-tailed deer show varying degrees of importance, depending on the season. Three hundred and twenty faecal samples were collected from where free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) traveled in Riding Mountain National Park of Canada (RMNP), between September 2001 and March 2003 and examined for gastrointestinal parasites and Canine Parvovirus (CPV). Most samples (228/320) contained at least 1 parasite. Parasites identified on faecal examinations included Alaria sp. (31/320), Capillaria sp. (6/320), Coccidia sp. (10/320), Cryptosporidium sp. (1/320), Demodex sp. (1/320), Giardia sp. cysts (70/320), Moniezia sp. (3/320), Sarcocysts sp. (120/320,) Taeniid sp. (108/320), Toxascaris sp. (3/320), Toxocara sp. (1/320), Trichuris sp., (11/320). The presence of Canine parvovirus (CPV) was assessed by performing analysis on 106 scats from representative regions of RMNP. All samples were negative for CPV. Prevalence of parasites was consistent across the park landscape, with no significant geographic differences. Slight spatial and temporal trends, when present. can be attributed to collection regime artefacts.
Download or read book Correlates of Parasites and Pseudoparasites in Wolves Canis Lupus Across Continents A Comparison Among Yellowstone USA Abruzzo IT and Mercantour FR National Parks written by Barbara Molnar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about the impact of infectious diseases on large carnivores. We investigated factors structuring the helminth and protozoan infections of wolves (Canis lupus) by using coprological analyses. Faecal samples (n=342) were analysed from 11 wolf packs belonging to three different geographical and ecological settings in Italy (Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise National Park, PNALM: 4 packs, 88 samples), in France (Mercantour National Park, PNM: 4 packs, 68 samples) and in the U.S.A. (Yellowstone National Park, YNP: 3 packs, 186 samples). Parasites were found in 29.4%?88.6% of the samples and parasite taxa ranged from four to ten in each study area. Taeniidae (Taenia/Echinococcus), Sarcocystis spp. and Toxascaris leonina were most common in faecal samples from YNP, whereas Capillaria spp., Taeniidae and Uncinaria stenocephala were predominant in PNALM. We used generalised linear mixed models to assess the relationship between parasite infection or the number of parasite taxa and selected ecological drivers across study areas. Significant effects illustrated the importance of the ecological factors such as occurrence of free-ranging dogs, diet composition and wolf density, as well as the ancestry of the wolf populations, in shaping parasite-wolf communities. Additional investigations are needed to elucidate the impact of parasitic infections on wolf populations, as well as the role of anthropogenic factors in facilitating parasitic diffusion to apex predators.
Download or read book Spatial Capture Recapture written by J. Andrew Royle and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatial Capture-Recapture provides a comprehensive how-to manual with detailed examples of spatial capture-recapture models based on current technology and knowledge. Spatial Capture-Recapture provides you with an extensive step-by-step analysis of many data sets using different software implementations. The authors' approach is practical – it embraces Bayesian and classical inference strategies to give the reader different options to get the job done. In addition, Spatial Capture-Recapture provides data sets, sample code and computing scripts in an R package. - Comprehensive reference on revolutionary new methods in ecology makes this the first and only book on the topic - Every methodological element has a detailed worked example with a code template, allowing you to learn by example - Includes an R package that contains all computer code and data sets on companion website
Download or read book Free Ranging Dogs and Wildlife Conservation written by Matthew E. Gompper and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume adopts a global perspective to review how dogs interact with wildlife, how humans perceive these interactions, the potential importance of dog-wildlife interactions, and the scope of the problems.
Download or read book Noninvasive Survey Methods for Carnivores written by Robert A. Long and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The status of many carnivore populations is of growing concern to scientists and conservationists, making the need for data pertaining to carnivore distribution, abundance, and habitat use ever more pressing. Recent developments in “noninvasive” research techniques—those that minimize disturbance to the animal being studied—have resulted in a greatly expanded toolbox for the wildlife practitioner. Presented in a straightforward and readable style, Noninvasive Survey Methods for Carnivores is a comprehensive guide for wildlife researchers who seek to conduct carnivore surveys using the most up-to-date scientific approaches. Twenty-five experts from throughout North America discuss strategies for implementing surveys across a broad range of habitats, providing input on survey design, sample collection, DNA and endocrine analyses, and data analysis. Photographs from the field, line drawings, and detailed case studies further illustrate on-the-ground application of the survey methods discussed. Coupled with cutting-edge laboratory and statistical techniques, which are also described in the book, noninvasive survey methods are effi cient and effective tools for sampling carnivore populations. Noninvasive Survey Methods for Carnivores allows practitioners to carefully evaluate a diversity of detection methods and to develop protocols specific to their survey objectives, study area, and species of interest. It is an essential resource for anyone interested in the study of carnivores, from scientists engaged in primary research to agencies or organizations requiring carnivore detection data to develop management or conservation plans.
Download or read book Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.
Download or read book Wolves Bears and Their Prey in Alaska written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-11-27 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses Alaskan wolf and bear management programs from scientific and economic perspectives. Relevant factors that should be taken into account when evaluating the utility of such programs are identified. The assessment includes a review of current scientific knowledge about the dynamics and management of large mammalian predator-prey relationships and human harvest of wildlife in northern ecosystems, and an evaluation of the extent to which existing research and management data allow prediction of the outcome of wolf management or control programs and grizzly bear management programs. Included is an evaluation of available economic studies and methodologies for estimating the costs and benefits of predator control programs in Alaska.
Download or read book Bears of the World written by Vincenzo Penteriani and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bears have fascinated people since ancient times. The relationship between bears and humans dates back thousands of years, during which time we have also competed with bears for shelter and food. In modern times, bears have come under pressure through encroachment on their habitats, climate change, and illegal trade in their body parts, including the Asian bile bear market. The IUCN lists six bears as vulnerable or endangered, and even the least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing. Covering all bears species worldwide, this beautifully illustrated volume brings together the contributions of 200 international bear experts on the ecology, conservation status, and management of the Ursidae family. It reveals the fascinating long history of interactions between humans and bears and the threats affecting these charismatic species.
Download or read book Canids written by Claudio Sillero-Zubiri and published by World Conservation Union. This book was released on 2004 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new Canid Action Plan synthesizes the current knowledge on the biology, ecology and status of all wild canid species, and outlines the conservation actions and projects needed to secure their long-term survival. Aiming at conservation biologists, ecologists, local conservation officials, administrators, educators, and all others dealing with canids in their jobs, the authors aspire to stimulate the conservation of all canids by highlighting problems, debating priorities and suggesting action.
Download or read book The Biology and Identification of the Coccidia Apicomplexa of Carnivores of the World written by Donald W. Duszynski and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental concept of The Biology and Identification of the Coccidia (Apicomplexa) of Carnivores of the World is to provide an up-to-date reference guide to the identification, taxonomy, and known biology of apicomplexan intestinal and tissue parasites of carnivores including, but not limited to, geographic distribution, prevalence, sporulation, prepatent and patent periods, site(s) of infection in the definitive and (if known) intermediate hosts, endogenous development, cross-transmission, pathology, phylogeny, and (if known) their treatments. These data will allow easy parasite recognition with a summation of virtually everything now known about the biology of each parasite species covered. The last (very modest) and only treatise published on this subject was in 1981 so this book fills a fundamental gap in our knowledge of what is now known, and what is not, about the coccidian parasites that infect and sometimes kill carnivores and/or their prey that can harbor intermediate stages, including many domestic and game animals. - Offers line drawings and photomicrographs of many parasite species that will allow easy diagnosis and identification by both laypersons and professionals (veterinarians, wildlife biologists, etc.) - Presents a complete historical rendition of all known publications on carnivore coccidia for all carnivore families and evaluates the scientific and scholarly merit of each apicomplexan species relative to the current body of knowledge - Provides a complete species analysis and their known biology of all coccidia described from each carnivore lineage and species - Reviews the most current taxonomy of carnivores and their phylogenetic relationships to help assess host-specificity patterns that may be apparent - Evaluates what little cross-transmission work is available to help understand the complexities of those coccidians that use two hosts (e.g., Sarcocystis, Besnoitia, and others) - Provides known treatments for the various parasite genera/species
Download or read book Science and Information Theory written by Leon Brillouin and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-07-17 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geared toward upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, this classic resource by a giant of 20th-century mathematics applies principles of information theory to Maxwell's demon, thermodynamics, and measurement problems. 1962 edition.
Download or read book Yellowstone Grizzly Bears written by Daniel D. Bjornlie and published by National Park Service Yellowstone National Park. This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan written by Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Team and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Maternal Child Nursing Care E Book written by Shannon E. Perry and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-03-05 with total page 1643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master the essentials of maternity and pediatric nursing with this comprehensive, all-in-one text! Maternal Child Nursing Care, 7th Edition covers the issues and concerns of women during their childbearing years and children during their developing years. It uses a family-centered, problem-solving approach to patient care, with guidelines supported by evidence-based practice. New to this edition is an emphasis on clinical judgment skills and a new chapter on children with integumentary dysfunction. Written by a team of experts led by Shannon E. Perry and Marilyn J. Hockenberry, this book provides the accurate information you need to succeed in the classroom, the clinical setting, and on the Next Generation NCLEX-RN® examination. - Focus on the family throughout the text emphasizes the influence of the entire family in health and illness. - Expert authors of the market-leading maternity and pediatric nursing textbooks combine to ensure delivery of the most accurate, up-to-date content. - Information on victims of sexual abuse as parents and human trafficking helps prepare students to handle these delicate issues. - Nursing Alerts highlight critical information that could lead to deteriorating or emergency situations. - Guidelines boxes outline nursing procedures in an easy-to-follow format. - Evidence-Based Practice boxes include findings from recent clinical studies. - Emergency Treatment boxes describe the signs and symptoms of emergency situations and provide step-by-step interventions. - Atraumatic Care boxes teach students how to manage pain and provide competent care to pediatric patients with the least amount of physical or psychological stress. - Community Focus boxes emphasize community issues, provide resources and guidance, and illustrate nursing care in a variety of settings. - Patient Teaching boxes highlight important information nurses need to communicate to patients and families. - Cultural Considerations boxes describe beliefs and practices relating to pregnancy, labor and birth, parenting, and women's health. - Family-Centered Care boxes draw attention to the needs or concerns of families that students should consider to provide family-centered care.
