Download or read book Comparative Analysis of Humoral and Cellular Immunity Induced by C Burnetii Whole Cell Vaccines written by Chen Chen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Coxiella burnetii is an obligate Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes acute Q fever and chronic infections in humans. An effective formalin killed whole cell vaccine (Q-Vax®), in use in Australia, is administered to individuals that are skin test and serologically negative. Vaccination can result in severe local or systemic adverse reaction, especially when administered to previously infected populations, and repeat vaccination can induce severe persistent reactions. Several other vaccines including inactivated Nine Mile I reference whole cell vaccines (Phase I-WCV) its derivative Phase II-W have been developed and tested in animal models. Previous study suggested that PI-WCV was more protective than PII-WCV against virulent bacterium challenge in a guinea pig and both humoral and cellular immunity are critical for vaccine derived C. burnetii protective immunity. In order to gain a better understanding of vaccine mediated protective immunity, we designed a series of experiments to dissect protective immune components through comparative analysis of PI-WCV and PII-WCV induced immune responses. First, by using C. burnetii protein microarray, we were able to decipher detailed IgG antibody profiles and make side-by-side comparison of humoral immune responses induced by PI-WCV and PII-WCV in mice. The overall IgG responding profiles were similar in these two vaccine induced sera and only identified differential immunodominant antigen was bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Although there were no major immunodominant protein antigen difference between PI-WCV and PII-WCV, we did see a higher overall IgG responses in PI-WCV immunization derived sera. Next, we analyzed the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses induced by these two vaccines. By using newly identified C. burnetii H-2 I-A(superscript ♭) restricted T cell epitopes and several functional assays, we found that, comparing to PII-WCV, PI-WCV induced more cytokine producing CD4+ T cells (IFN-y, IL-2, and TNF-(alpha)) and these cells also had superior ability for secreting effector cytokines. Last, we compared APC responses upon stimulation with different vaccine antigens. Surprisingly, PI-WCV stimulated mBMDCs had more surface maturation marker CCR7 expression and better migratory ability than those induced by PII-WCV. In vivo functional assays further confirmed that better migration of PI-WCV treated mBMDCs correlated with more antigen presentation and T cell activation. These results may at least partially explain our observation, that higher humoral and cellular immunity are induced by PI-WCV immunization. Based on these results, we postulate that the PI-LPS or other undefined surface structure from phase I organism may trigger some unique host signaling pathway and serve as critical adjuvant for efficacious PI-WCV.
Download or read book Biodefense Research Methodology and Animal Models Second Edition written by James R. Swearengen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-16 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant advances have been made in animal model development for biological research since the publication of the first edition of this volume, and the ramifications of the FDA’s Animal Efficacy Rule have become better understood in the scientific community. With each chapter completely updated with the latest research findings, Biodefense Research Methodology and Animal Models, Second Edition spans the spectrum of coverage from basic research to advanced development of medical countermeasures. Topics discussed in this volume include: A history of biological agents as weapons, from the use of corpses to contaminate water supplies to modern day anthrax attacks Concepts and strategies involved in biowarfare and bioterrorism The development, validation, and importance of animal models in biodefense research Infectious disease aerobiology Studies involving anthrax, glanders, plague, tularemia, Q fever, alphaviruses, orthopoxviruses, and a new chapter on brucellosis Animal models for viral hemorrhagic fevers Botulinum and Ricin toxins Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigens As the scientific community works diligently to protect the world’s population from the misuse of infectious organisms and toxins, it is imperative that researchers stay abreast of the latest techniques for biodefense research. Exploring in vivo and in vitro assays, this volume brings researchers up to date on the latest information on bacterial and viral infectious agents and biological toxins considered to pose the greatest threats to public safety. In addition, the contributors take a step toward minimizing the use of animals in further experiments by presenting documented findings that can be built upon.
Download or read book The Journal of Immunology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Medical Microbiology written by Yi-Wei Tang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-09-14 with total page 2214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, and great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. Molecular Medical Microbiology is the first book to synthesise the many new developments in both molecular and clinical research in a single comprehensive resource. This timely and authoritative three-volume work is an invaluable reference source of medical bacteriology. Comprising more than 100 chapters, organized into 17 major sections, the scope of this impressive work is wide-ranging. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information, and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, in addition to the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology. Topics covered include bacterial structure, cell function, and genetics; mechanisms of pathogenesis and prevention; antibacterial agents; and infections ranging from gastrointestinal to urinary tract, centrtal nervous system, respiratory tract, and more. - The first comprehensive and accessible reference on molecular medical microbiology - Full color presentation througout - In-depth discussion of individual pathogenic bacteria in a system-oriented approach - Includes a clinical overview for each major bacterial group - Presents the latest information on vaccine development, molecular technology, and diagnostic technology - More than 100 chapters covering all major groups of bacteria - Written by an international panel of authors who are experts in their respective disciplines
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Overcoming challenges in microbial immunology 2022 written by Sylvie Bertholet and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-06-25 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At Frontiers our mission is to make science open – so that scientists can collaborate better and innovate faster to deliver the solutions that enable healthy lives on a healthy planet. We do this through our community driven Open Access journals. As researchers across the globe work on tackling the challenges facing immunology in the field of Microbial Immunology, they publish their success stories. However, it is equally important for researchers to discuss the challenges they face on the road to success, as most innovation begins with failure. Our Open Access publication allows researchers to discover the areas for development in the field and to provide a focus for future research. This Research Topic will highlight the importance of learning from one another in the scientific community and continue to highlight areas for progress. This Research Topic welcomes Reviews, Mini-reviews, Original Research, and Perspectives that highlight the field of Microbial Immunology from the following perspectives: - Recent success stories with a focus on the challenges faced and overcame. - Current challenges in the field and emerging research to innovate.
Download or read book American Journal of Veterinary Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volumes for 1956- include selected papers from the proceedings of the American Veterinary Medical Association.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology and Pathogenicity of Mycoplasmas written by Shmuel Razin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: was the result of the efforts of Robert Cleverdon. The rapidly developing discipline of molecular biology and the rapidly expanding knowledge of the PPLO were brought together at this meeting. In addition to the PPLO specialists, the conference invited Julius Marmur to compare PPLO DNA to DNA of other organisms; David Garfinkel, who was one of the first to develop computer models of metabolism; Cyrus Levinthal to talk about coding; and Henry Quastler to discuss information theory constraints on very small cells. The conference was an announcement of the role of PPLO in the fundamental understanding of molecular biology. Looking back 40-some years to the Connecticut meeting, it was a rather bold enterprise. The meeting was international and inter-disciplinary and began a series of important collaborations with influences resonating down to the present. If I may be allowed a personal remark, it was where I first met Shmuel Razin, who has been a leading figure in the emerging mycoplasma research and a good friend. This present volume is in some ways the fulfillment of the promise of that early meeting. It is an example of the collaborative work of scientists in building an understanding of fundamental aspects of biology.
Download or read book Coxiella burnetii Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Research of the Q Fever Bacterium written by Rudolf Toman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coxiella burnetii is the etiological agent of Q fever, a zoonotic disease found worldwide. The bacterium is a fascinating example of intracellular parasitism that has uniquely evolved to thrive in the most inhospitable of cellular compartments-the phagolysosome. Understanding how C. burnetii resists the degradative functions of this vacuole, and the host cell functions coopted for successful parasitism, are central to understanding Q fever pathogenesis. Recent achievements in glycomics and proteomics are guiding development of enhanced detection schemes for the bacterium in addition to shedding light on the host immune response to the pathogen. Several chapters survey immune functions that control or potentially exacerbate Coxiella infection and delve into correlates of protective immunity elicited by vaccination. Comparative genomics is also the foundation of chapters discussing diagnostic antigen discovery and molecular typing of the bacterium, with significance for development of new clinical, epidemiologic, and forensic tools.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Margaret Ackerman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. - Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro - Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies - Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases written by Sarah S. Long and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In print, online, or on your mobile device, Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Disease provides the comprehensive and actionable coverage you need to understand, diagnose, and manage the ever-changing, high-risk clinical problems caused by infectious diseases in children and adolescents. With new chapters, expanded and updated coverage, and increased worldwide perspectives, this authoritative medical reference offers the latest need-to-know information in an easily-accessible, high-yield format for quick answers and fast, effective intervention!"--Publisher's website.
Download or read book Microbial Survival in the Environment written by E. Mitscherlich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of data on the tenacity in the environment of bacteria and some rickettsiae important in medicine and veterinary medicine. These data are of fundamental importance to physicians, veterinarians, epidemiologists and others when, in their practices, they are confronted with epidemics of contagious diseases or outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. At such times prompt answers are often needed to limit the problem, and thus to protect the public's health. Since data needed for such a purpose are widely distributed in the internatio nal scientific literature, the occasional desperate literature search is likely to miss some of the information that is available. This book seeks to fill that void. It lies in the nature of a compilation such as this is that it can never be totally complete. The compilation requires continual up-dating to include new information, and some currently acceptable information may have to be corrected as new data become available. However, most of the information in this compilation will never be out-of-date. The authors are always thankful for suggestions from others. Collection of the data in this book resulted from, first, several decades of studying the literature, and, second, literature searches made by the Institut fUr Dokumentationswesen in Frankfurt a. M. , the Biomedi zinische Datenbank of Hoechst A. G.
Download or read book Jenner s Smallpox Vaccine written by Derrick Baxby and published by Heinemann Educational Publishers. This book was released on 1981 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manson s Tropical Diseases E Book written by Jeremy Farrar and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-10-26 with total page 1530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the difficult to diagnose to the difficult to treat, Manson’s Tropical Diseases prepares you to effectively handle whatever your patients may have contracted. Featuring an internationally recognized editorial team, global contributors, and expert authors, this revised and updated medical reference book provides you with the latest coverage on parasitic and infectious diseases from around the world. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Incorporate the latest therapies into your practice, such as recently approved drugs and new treatment options. Find what you need easily and apply it quickly with highlighted key information, convenient boxes and tables, extensive cross-referencing, and clinical management diagrams. Make the most accurate Tropical Disease diagnoses through a completely redesigned and modernized format, which includes full-color images throughout. Apply the latest treatment strategies for HIV/AIDS, tropical neurology, malaria, and much more. Put the latest international expertise to work for you and your patients with new chapters covering Global Health; Global Health Governance and Tropical Diseases; Non-communicable Diseases; Obesity in the Tropics; and Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine in Resource-poor Settings. See which diseases are most prevalent in specific areas of the tropics through a new index of diseases by country, as well as online-only maps that provide additional detail. Better understand the variations in treatment approaches across the globe.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mayo Clinic Antimicrobial Therapy written by John W. Wilson and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mayo Clinic Toolkit is an invaluable revision resource for resident, fellow, and practicing clinicians preparing for their Board Exams
