Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Service Intensity in Traded Goods written by K. A. Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Advantage Trade Policy and Economic Development written by Bela Balassa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Service Intersity in Traded Goods written by Ken Tucker and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trade and Investment in Services written by Robert Mitchell Stern and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essays in International Trade of Services and Structural Transformation written by Yesheng Guo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Services has long been the largest sector of the global economy. In 2011, it produced over 70% of the worlds GDP and employed nearly 50% of the worlds labor force. In the United States, those shares were around 80%. Meanwhile, total imports of services reached 6% of the worlds GDP, almost 1/3 of total goods imports, and it has been steadily growing at 2.63% per annum since 1995, 54% faster than goods trade. Despite its solid presence, services trade is still missing in most existing trade studies. It is often taken as a closed outside sector whose main purpose is to complete the equilibrium. The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the importance of services trade to our understanding of comparative advantage and welfare implications of trade. In particular, I will introduce services trade and related data sources, provide benchmark quantifications of the gains from services trade, investigate the evolution of comparative advantage of services industries over time, and discuss how trade in services can interact with market entry and technology to generate interesting labor reallocation across sectors.The main results can be summarized as follows. First, standard gravity models fit services trade well. This allows us to apply the widely popular Eaton and Kortum model to services and estimate services productivities. Second, in a series of counterfactual experiments, the same amount of technological progress or friction reduction in services will lead to 3 to 4 times higher gains from trade than in manufacturing. Next, by estimating productivities for 35 industries, 17 in services, from 1995 to 2000, we found that while comparative advantage was weakened in all sectors, relative convergence among services industries was 75% faster than manufacturing industries on average. Such convergence eliminated 3.9% potential gains from trade from the median country, and reduced total trade volume by 25%. In addition, we estimated the speed of technological diffusion across industries within each country to be 3.6% and that across countries for every industry to be 6.0%. Last but not least, inspired by the negative correlation between trade intensity and employment share found in the swift labor reallocation from manufacturing to services in the U.S. since 2000, we discussed how interactions between entry choice, skill-biased technology, and trade may give rise to interesting patterns of structural transformation.This thesis offers basic quantifications of the macro impact of services trade on welfare and structural transformation. From these basic quantifications, we can infer that promoting services trade will unlock considerable amount of potential gains, much higher than the gains from goods trade. At the same time, strengthening services comparative advantage could further hurt employment in other sectors, particularly manufacturing. Fortunately, the manufacturing comparative advantage of the non-OECD countries has diminished in recent decades, reducing the relative cost of re-industrialization that US and other OECD countries are pursuing. Finally, as more granular services trade data becomes available, better economics and econometrics tools can be applied to improve our quantification and deepen our understanding of services trade for policy considerations.

Download or read book Diensten en Dienstenhandel written by Joachim J. Stibora and published by Thesis Pub. This book was released on 1995 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a theoretical analysis of services and services trade. It subsequently discusses how services logically differ from goods, how this affects the outcome of economic modeling, and how international services transactions affect trade patterns and welfare. As such, it is demonstrated that both the non-storable nature of services, as well as the relative ease of customization of services, entails consequences for the outcome of differentiated product models. With respect to the trade issues of services, this book first investigates the importance of producer services in determining comparative advantage and trade patterns in final goods. Differences in services intensities between final goods are shown to be a driving force behind many of the results. The welfare effects of trade in producer services are then studied. It is shown that these not only depend on the extent of the market for producer services, but that also the particular mode of services trade is important. By juxtaposing trade in services in a goods-like sense to trade in services that requires foreign direct investment, this book shows that the welfare effects of free trade in services are not straightforward, and that they depend on country-specific as well as services-specific aspects.

Download or read book Comparative Advantage and Heterogeneous Firms written by Andrew B. Bernard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.

Download or read book International Trade in Services written by Mark Sundberg and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-11-01 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International trade in services is emerging as an important area of study. Governments are becoming increasingly aware of the significance of services in both trade and investmnet relationships. This book is based om researh carred out as part of the ASEAN- Australia Joint Rsearch Project, Its is of relevance internationally as well as to the Paficic Rim countries for its consideration of both theoretical and policy aspects. Case studies are presented for each country of the origonal ASEAN members: Sinagpore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines and on touriam, telecommunications, air transport and consulatncy services.

Download or read book Modeling the Offshoring of White collar Services written by James R. Markusen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Trade theory consists of a portfolio of models. What elements might be useful in modeling the offshoring of white-collar services, or do these issues call for an entirely fresh approach? I try to identifying some of the important aspects of this phenomenon and then argue that modeling could focus on (a) vertical fragmentation of production, (b) expansion of trade at the extensive margin, (c) fragments that differ in factor intensities and countries that differ in endowments, and (d) knowledge or capital stocks of countries or firms that are complementary to skilled labor, and create missing inputs for countries otherwise well suited to skill-intensive fragments. I argue that we can make good progress by selecting a number of "modules" from existing theory. I use these to formulate a series of simple "template" models which capture many of the characteristics of offshoring, and then use those models to identify the effects of technological or institutional changes which allow offshoring of white-collar services to occur"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.

Download or read book Comparative Advantage and International Trade and Investment in Services written by Alan V. Deardorff and published by London : Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario. This book was released on 1984 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Globalisation Comparative Advantage and the Changing Dynamics of Trade written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects OECD work that builds on recent contributions to the theory and empirics of comparative advantage, putting particular emphasis on the role policy can play in shaping trade.

Download or read book Free Trade and Absolute and Comparative Advantage written by Reinhard Schumacher and published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam. This book was released on 2012 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis deals with two theories of international trade: the theory of comparative advantage, which is connected to the name David Ricardo and is dominating current trade theory, and Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage. Both theories are compared and their assumptions are scrutinised. The former theory is rejected on theoretical and empirical grounds in favour of the latter. On the basis of the theory of absolute advantage, developments of free international trade are examined, whereby the focus is on trade between industrial and underdeveloped countries. The main conclusions are that trade patterns are determined by absolute production cost advantages and that the gap between developed and poor countries is not reduced but rather increased by free trade.

Download or read book Liberalizing Service Trade written by Phedon Nicolaides and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-29 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major success of the early post-war period was the negotiated reduction of barriers to international trade in commodities and manufactured goods, under the auspices of the GATT. The current challenge is to achieve a similar liberalization for trade in services - the sector which has overtaken manufacturing as the largest provider of jobs and growth in the advanced economies. The difficulties are legion. Data are scarce and definitions are contentious. There is no clear equivalent in services of the zero-tariff objective that can be defined in the trade of goods. Domestic service markets are often imperfect and each country has its own regulatory structure to protect consumers. Many developing countries are sceptical about the effects of freer service trade on their economies. This paper develops an analytical framework to clarify negotiating objectives. It assesses the European Community's approach to liberalization and warns of the dangers of seeking 'equivalent reciprocity'. It suggests that a different approach and set of objectives are appropriate to the GATT, which lacks well-defined procedures for policy review and settlement of disputes, and whose members are more diverse. Finally, it evaluates the prospects for multilateral service liberalization in the Uruguay Round and in the EC by 1992, and suggests that such efforts can be complemented by unilateral and bilateral liberalization in certain service sectors.

Download or read book G7 Current Account Imbalances written by Richard H. Clarida and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current account deficit of the United States is more than six percent of its gross domestic product—an all-time high. And the rest of the world, including other G7 countries such as Japan and Germany, must collectively run current account surpluses to finance this deficit. How long can such unevenness between imports and exports be sustained, and what form might their eventual reconciliation take? Putting forth scenarios ranging from a gradual correction to a crash landing for the dollar, G7 Current Account Imbalances brings together economists from around the globe to consider the origins, status, and future of those disparities. An esteemed group of collaborators here examines the role of the bursting of the dot-com bubble, the history of previous episodes of current account adjustments, and the possibility of the Euro surpassing the dollar as the leading international reserve currency. Though there are areas of broad agreement—that the imbalances will ultimately decline and that currency revaluations will be part of the solution—many areas of contention remain regarding both the dangers of imbalances and the possible forms of adjustment. This volume will be of tremendous value to economists, politicians, and business leaders alike as they look to the future of the G7 economies.

Download or read book Changing Patterns of Global Trade written by Nagwa Riad and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing Patterns of Global Trade outlines the factors underlying important shifts in global trade that have occurred in recent decades. The emergence of global supply chains and their increasing role in trade patterns allowed emerging market economies to boost their inputs in high-technology exports and is associated with increased trade interconnectedness.The analysis points to one important trend taking place over the last decade: the emergence of China as a major systemically important trading hub, reflecting not only the size of trade but also the increase in number of its significant trading partners.

Download or read book Research Handbook on Trade in Services written by Pierre Sauvé and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Handbook explores the latest frontiers in services trade by drawing on insights from empirical economics, law and global political economy. The world’s foremost experts take stock of the learning done to date in services trade, explore policy questions bedevilling analysts and direct attention to a host of issues, old and new, confronting those interested in the service economy and its rising salience in cross-border exchange. The Handbook’s 22 chapters shed informed analytical light on a subject matter whose substantive remit continues to be shaped by rapid evolutions in technology, data gathering, market structures, consumer preferences, approaches to regulation and by ongoing shifts in the frontier between the market and the state.

Download or read book Comparative Advantage Growth and the Gains from Trade and Globalization written by Robert M. Stern and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alan Deardorff was 65 years old on June 6, 2009. To celebrate this occasion, a Festschrift in his honor was held on October 2OCo3, 2009, in the Rackham Amphitheater at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The Festschrift was entitled OC Comparative Advantage, Economic Growth, and the Gains from Trade and Globalization: A Festschrift in Honor of Alan V Deardorff.OCO It was co-organized by two of Professor Deardorff''s former students, Drusilla Brown of Tufts University and Robert Staiger of Stanford University, together with Robert Stern representing the University of Michigan. The first day of the Festschrift involved a series of panels in which invited participants reflected on Professor Deardorff''s contributions, including his writings on: comparative advantage; trade and growth; the gains from trade and globalization; and computational modeling and trade policy analysis. The panel participants prepared written comments, setting out their evaluation of Professor Deardorff''s contributions combined with their own thoughts on the current state of knowledge and analysis of the particular topic. At the end of the first day, Paul Krugman of Princeton University and The New York Times delivered a Citigroup Foundation Special Lecture entitled OC Reflections on Globalization: Yesteryear and Today.OCO All of these papers and Krugman''s lecture are contained in the volume."