Download or read book Community Farmers and Breeders Rights in Southern Africa written by Cecil Machena and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Genetic Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Breeders Rights Farmers Rights and Food Security written by Chidi Oguamanam and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 2000s, Africa and India severally rejected the notion that UPOV's 1991 standard of Plant Breeders Rights (PBRs) is the only route to fulfill their obligations under Article 27 of the TRIPs Agreement. Objecting to the exclusive focus of the UPOV regime on formal plant breeders, African countries, insisted on a holistic approach to plant breeders' rights to include protection for rights of communities, farmers and their indigenous knowledge, innovation and practices. Consequently, under the African Union's (AU) auspices, Africa proposed the Model Law for the Protection of the Rights of Local Communities and Breeders, and for Regulations of Access to Biological Resources. Self-evidently, the law not only recognizes the centrality of the smallholder indigenous and local community farmers on the continent's food production, it also underscores the interconnections of biodiversity conservation, farmers' rights, traditional knowledge, access and benefit sharing over genetic resources within then emergent international regimes. Nearly two decades after, Africa's resolve has proven to be fickle. The continent has reversed itself and fully embraced the UPOV regime. At about the same time as the Model Law, India enacted the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001 - an instrument consistent with the spirit of Africa's Model Law. Both regimes take into account the role of local farmers as the backbone of agricultural innovation, food production and food security in the developing world, including Africa and India, thereby further enhancing the idea of farmers' rights in food and agriculture law and policy. This Article juxtaposes the circumstances around Africa's failure of resolve and India's wobbly experience over farmers' rights. It calls attention to farmers' rights as a site for a missed and yet potentially redeemable opportunity for both Africa and India to advance South-South solidarity for food security.
Download or read book From Concept to Action written by Ronald Naluwairo and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developing Principles for Sui Generis National Policies and Legislation in the SADC Region written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Breeding Apples for Oranges written by Chidi Oguamanam and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, African countries expressed reservation over the adoption of UPOV Act of 1991 as a model of plant breeders' rights (PBRs) for TRIPS- compliance. For the continent, an acceptable system of PBRs protection would include the protection of the “rights of communities and their indigenous knowledge, as well as the rights of farmers and fishermen, and their innovations, technologies and practices”. One and half decades after, Africa has virtually reversed itself and embraced the UPOV-PBRs system notwithstanding the latter's narrow focus on breeders and marginal reference to farmers. This Article critically explores the concerted sites of pressures, especially free trade and economic partnership agreements, and related policies through which Africa appears to have capitulated and upturned its policy position on PBRs. The continent's present priority over the implementation of PBRs through various regional and national legal initiatives currently at the instance of African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI), the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the Southern African Economic Community (SADC) and specific country initiatives are explored. The article highlights the basis for the incongruity of Africa's newfound interest in the UPOV-PBRs system - a regime not designed for the farmer-centered tenor of African agriculture. It calls attention to the continued relevance of Africa's 2000 Model Law, especially as it applies to PBRs and recommends reality assessment as an important step toward the formulation of IPRs system suited for stakeholders in African agriculture for the continent's food security and food sovereignty.
Download or read book Guidelines for Implementation of Farmers Rights in Southern Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Community Seed Banks written by Ronnie Vernooy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community seed banks first appeared towards the end of the 1980s, established with the support of international and national non-governmental organizations. This book is the first to provide a global review of their development and includes a wide range of case studies. Countries that pioneered various types of community seed banks include Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nicaragua, the Philippines and Zimbabwe. In the North, a particular type of community seed bank emerged known as a seed-savers network. Such networks were first established in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA before spreading to other countries. Over time, the number and diversity of seed banks has grown. In Nepal, for example, there are now more than 100 self-described community seed banks whose functions range from pure conservation to commercial seed production. In Brazil, community seed banks operate in various regions of the country. Surprisingly, despite 25 years of history and the rapid growth in number, organizational diversity and geographical coverage of community seed banks, recognition of their roles and contributions has remained scanty. The book reviews their history, evolution, experiences, successes and failures (and reasons why), challenges and prospects. It fills a significant gap in the literature on agricultural biodiversity and conservation, and their contribution to food sovereignty and security.
Download or read book Incentive Measures for Sustainable Use and Conservation of Agrobiodiversity Experiences and Lessons from Southern Africa Proceedings written by C. J. M. (Comp.). ALMEKINDERS and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incentive measures to enhance the sustainable use of agrobiodiversity. Incentive measures at the farmer's level to enhance use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity. Experiences with community seed banks in Ethiopia. The role of seed gardens in enhancing local seed security and impact on use and conservation of agrobiodiversity. Marketing incentives to enhance the use and conservation of agrobiodiversity. Commercialization as an incentive and threat for Gnetum Spp. (Eru) in Cameroon. Policy incentives for on-farm conservation and use of Africa's agrobiodiversity. The OAU model legislation for the protection of the rights of communities, farmers and breeders and the regulation of access to biological resources. Seed legislation in Zambia and possible incentives for use and conservation of agrobiodiversity.
Download or read book Legal and Institutional Considerations for Plant Variety Protection and Food Security in African Development Agendas written by Susan Isiko Strba and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African institutions are increasingly embracing high standards of intellectual property protection in their 'development agendas'. In particular, concerning plant variety protection (PVP), one observes a worrying trend of premature harmonisation of PVP standards despite the possible negative impact on food security and access to food on the African continent. Scholarship and debate on PVP protection has tended to ignore the role of WIPO when considering solutions to PVP and food security. This paper posits that WIPO has a role to play in enabling the use of intellectual property in African 'development agendas' for agricultural innovation in a way that leads to long-term food security and access to food. This role stems from the organization's original mandate as well as the way it has adapted and continues to adapt its programmes in an attempt to provide practical solutions to new challenges of IP governance. The paper addresses the relationship between WIPO, PVP and food security in Africa from a legal and institutional perspective. How can WIPO contribute to agricultural innovation and PVP in a way that caters to African development? Particular attention is paid to WIPO's contribution to the legal and policy architecture of the African Union (including the implementation of the African Union Model Legislation for the Protection of the Rights of Local Communities, Farmers and Breeders and for the Regulation of Access to Biological Resources), the Africa Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Download or read book Is Intellectual Property Pluralism Functional written by Susy Frankel and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international intellectual property (IP) law system allows states to develop policies that reflect their national interests. Therefore, although there is an international minimum standards framework in place, states have widely varying IP laws and differing interpretations of these laws. This book examines whether pluralism in IP law is functional when applied to copyright, patents and trademarks on an international basis.
Download or read book Farmers Crop Varieties and Farmers Rights written by Michael Halewood and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last 50 years there has been a growing appreciation of the important role that farmers play in the development and conservation of crop genetic diversity, and the contribution of that diversity to agro-ecosystem resilience and food security. This book examines policies that aim to increase the share of benefits that farmers receive when others use the crop varieties that they have developed and managed, i.e., ‘farmers varieties’. In so doing, the book addresses two fundamental questions. The first question is ‘how do farmer management practices – along with other factors such as environment and the breeding systems of plants – affect the evolution and maintenance of discrete farmers’ varieties?’ The second question is ‘how can policies that depend on being able to identify discrete plant varieties accommodate the agricultural realities associated with the generation, use and maintenance of farmers’ varieties?’ This focus on discreteness is topical because there are no fixed, internationally recognized taxonomic or legal definitions of farmers’ varieties. And that presents a challenge when developing policies that involve making specific, discrete farmers’ varieties the subject of legal rights or privileges. The book includes contributions from a wide range of experts including agronomists, anthropologists, geneticists, biologists, plant breeders, lawyers, development practitioners, activists and farmers. It includes case studies from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Europe where, in response to a diversity of contributing factors, there have been efforts to develop policies that provide incentives or rewards to farmers as stewards of farmers’ varieties in ways that are sensitive to the cultural, taxonomic and legal complexities involved. The book situates these initiatives in the context of the evolving discourse and definition of ‘farmers' rights’, presenting insights for future policy initiatives.
Download or read book Biotechnology Agriculture and Food Security in Southern Africa written by Steven Were Omamo and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together experts from within and outside Africa to discuss the current status of biotechnology in southern Africa, the conceptual framework for multistakeholder dialogues, the political and ethical issues surrounding biotechnology, food safety and consumer issues, biosafety, intellectual property rights, and trade involving genetically modified foods.
Download or read book Seed Business Management in Africa written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intellectual Property Policy Law and Administration in Africa written by Caroline B. Ncube and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the harmonisation of Intellectual Property (IP) policy, law and administration in Africa. Two recent developments have brought this topic to the fore. The first is the escalation of long-standing efforts to establish a Pan-African Intellectual Property Organisation (PAIPO), a continental initiative. The second is the current sub-regional attempt to operationalise the IP provisions of the Southern African Development Community (SADC)’s Protocol on Trade (articles 9b and 24) and its Protocol on Science, Technology and Innovation (article 2m). Intellectual Property Policy, Law and Administration in Africa discusses the viability of such initiatives with particular reference to the current socio-economic status of Africa’s nations. With a view to contributing to future developments in Africa at both a continental and sub-regional level, the author considers this issue through the lens of advancing the public interest in IP. Ncube argues that harmonisation initiatives ought to be crafted in a way that is supportive of the development aspirations of African states. Consequently, she urges due consideration of individual states’ unique conditions and aspirations in any harmonisation venture, a necessity outlined in article 7 of the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. This book will be of great relevance to scholars and policy makers with an interest in IP law and African law in general.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Intellectual Property Law written by Rochelle C. Dreyfuss and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-12 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We live in an age in which expressive, informational, and technological subject matter are becoming increasingly important. Intellectual property is the primary means by which the law seeks to regulate such subject matter. It aims to promote innovation and creativity, and in doing so to support solutions to global environmental and health problems, as well as freedom of expression and democracy. It also seeks to stimulate economic growth and competition, accounting for its centrality to EU Internal Market and international trade and development policies. Additionally, it is of enormous and increasing importance to business. As a result there is a substantial and ever-growing interest in intellectual property law across all spheres of industry and social policy, including an interest in its legal principles, its social and normative foundations, and its place and operation in the political economy. This handbook written by leading academics and practitioners from the field of intellectual property law, and suitable for both a specialist legal readership and an intelligent but non-specialist legal and non-legal readership, provides a comprehensive account of the following areas: - The foundations of IP law, including its emergence and development in different jurisdictions and regions; - The substantive rules and principles of IP; and - Important issues arising from the existence and operation of IP in the political economy.
Download or read book African Perspectives on Genetic Resources written by Kent Nnadozie and published by Environmental Law Institute. This book was released on 2003 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
