Download or read book Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Yield Root Growth and N Fixation Response to Moisture Deficits written by Maurice D. Yabba and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Root Shallowness of Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Effects on Low input Agroecosystems Productivity in the Tropics written by Soares Xerinda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable agriculture should maintain production at levels necessary to meet the increasing needs of an expanding world population without degrading the environment. Low phosphorus (P) availability is a primary constraint to plant productivity in both natural forest lands and agro-ecosystems. P nutrition is very important for biological N fixation which has been promoted in many farming systems using non-edible or edible crops. Root architectural traits that enhance topsoil foraging increase P acquisition in several crops including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). P efficient common bean is an edible crop that besides of having superior P acquisition efficiency in low P soils, also can fix atmospheric nitrogen to reduce N deficiency in soils; having better P and N nutrition P-efficient beans can grow faster and more vigorously than P-inefficient bean. Therefore, they can protect better the soil in slopping lands that are common in the major bean growing areas of Africa and Latin America. Maize/bean polyculture is an important cropping system in developing countries in which most farmers often cultivate common bean poor soils characterized by low phosphorus (P) availability. In this context we determined important to test three hypotheses in this study as follow: (1) root architectural traits that increase P acquisition in bean will also enhance nodulation and biological N fixation; (2) bean cultivars with root traits enhancing P acquisition can improve bean yields but could decrease maize yields because of altered below-and-aboveground competition; (3) topsoil exploration have greater phosphorus (P) acquisition than conventional genotypes, but long term depletion of soil P by more efficient acquisition may be counteracted by lower soil erosion from greater crop biomass and canopy cover. Bean genotypes with contrasting root architecture in the three studies conducted in USA -- Pennsylvania State University (PSU) Agriculture Research Farm, Mozambique in Lichinga Research Station of the Agrarian Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM), and in the Republic of South Africa at the Ukulima Root Biology Center. For the Symbiotic nitrogen fixation study we found that, compared with P-inefficient genotypes, P-efficient genotypes had 24.8% greater growth and 39% greater symbiotic N2 fixation under low P. They also had 41% greater nodulation and 57% greater nodule activity than P-inefficient genotypes under low P conditions. For the conservation study, the shallow-rooted genotypes had greater shoot biomass, canopy cover, and less erosion than deep-rooted genotypes. And for the maize/bean competition study was determined that under high P, the bean monoculture yielded approximately 3.8 Mg ha-1 regardless of root phenotype, but under low P the shallow-rooted and deep-rooted bean categories had yield reductions of 55.3 and 75.5%, respectively. Under low P in polyculture, the shallow-rooted bean yield was 1.04 Mg ha-1 which was 43.3% greater than the yield of the deep-rooted phenotypes. We conclude that bean genotypes with root traits permitting greater P acquisition can also fix more atmospheric nitrogen, consequently attain better shoot growth which also result in greater grain yield; more robust plants makes better canopy cover, and reduces soil P lost to water erosion in low P tropical soils. There is need for selection of appropriate matches of root systems in low-input polycultures. Breeding efforts to generate seeds of plants with efficient root system is very important since can result in better nutrient use and higher crop productivity in poor soils, generating some income to that can be used to purchase fertilizer by poor farmers to start more profitable agriculture.
Download or read book Improvement of Yields of Common Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris L by Increased Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Levels written by Irene Christiansen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Partitioning of Dry Matter Nitrogen Fixation and Seed Yield of Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Influenced by Plant Genotype and Nitrogen Fertilization written by Juan Carlos Rosas and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response to Selection for Seed Yield and Nitrogen Fixation in an Elite Population of Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L written by Jorge Elizondo-Barron and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Acidity Factors Limiting Nodulation Nitrogen Fixation and Growth of PHaseolus Vulgaris L written by Avílio Antonio Franco and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is extensively grown in tropical regions, mostly in developing countries without use of N-fertilizer. However, root nodulation and N2-fixation has been found variable under acidic conditions, when soil is used as growth medium. Conditions and techniques for achieving good nodulation of bean in continuous aerated solution culture were developed. The effects of pH on uptake and distribution of Mo in bean were studied in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments in soil and solution culture. The effects of pH and Al on nodule initiation and growth, nitrogen fixation (C2H2-reduction) and shoot and root growth were studied in solution and san culture. Growth and nitrogenase activity of nodule and plant growth in solution culture were atleast as good as in gravel. However, nodule initiation was restricted to plants inoculated before or imediately after transfer of seedlings to solution and was restricted to the roots already present before transfer. Lack of nodulation could not be explained by failure of bacteria to colonize the root or absence of root hairs. There were indications that the P-status of the plant together with a factor or factors that had to accumulate or deplete in solution, determined success or failure of nodulation. Daily application of 0.5-1.0 mg N per plant delayed nodule growth and nitrogen fixation slightly, but increased plant growth and alleviated the severe N-deficiency stress before the onset of N2-fixation. In six cultivars, Mo uptake in solution culture was ...
Download or read book Physiological Response to Drought Stress of Common Bean Phaseolus vulgaris L Genotypes Differing in Drought Resistance written by and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2006-10-24 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Drought phenotyping in crops From theory to practice written by Philippe Monneveux and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topic is a unique attempt to simultaneously tackle theoretical and practical aspects in drought phenotyping, through both crop-specific and cross-cutting approaches. It is designed for – and will be of use to – practitioners and postgraduate students in plant science, who are grappling with the challenging task of evaluating germplasm performance under different water regimes. In Part I, different methodologies are presented for accurately characterising environmental conditions, implementing trials, and capturing and analysing the information this generates, regardless of the crop. Part II presents the state-of-art in research on adaptation to drought, and recommends specific protocols to measure different traits in major food crops (focusing on particular cereals, legumes and clonal crops). The topic is part of the CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme’s efforts to disseminate crop research information, tools and protocols, for improving characterisation of environments and phenotyping conditions. The goal is to enhance expertise in testing locations, and to stimulate the development and use of traits related to drought tolerance, as well as innovative protocols for crop characterisation and breeding.
Download or read book Grain Yield Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Carbon Assimilation and Phosphorus Nutrition of Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L Varieties in Response to Rhizobium Inoculation and Phosphorus Application in Ethiopia written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Africa, poor mineral nutrient availability, particularly N and P, constitutes a major constraint in crop production.The application of inorganic fertilizer is not always possible for resource-poor farmers. The inclusion of grain legumes with a capacity for high N2 fixation is a promising approach to alleviate nutrient deficiency and increases crop productivity. This study evaluated the effects of rhizobial inoculation an P fertilisation on yield components, symbiotic performance, C accumulation and phosphatase enzyme activity in the rhizosphere and plant organ of common bean varieties in Ethiopia.
Download or read book Evaluation of Physiological Parameters and Nitrogen Partitioning and Remobilization in Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris L and Cowpeas Vigna Unguiculata walp L Under Stress and Non stress Soil Moisture Conditions written by Mmasera Manthe and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Screening for Drought Resistance in Common Bean and Its Implications in Developing Countries written by Patrick Andrew Troy and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Accumulation and Remobilization of Carbon Assimilate and Nitrogen on Abscission Seed Development and Yield of Common Bean Phaseolus Vulgaris L with Differing Architectural Forms written by Juan Antonio Izquierdo Fernandez and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Nutrient Cycles to Sustain Soil Fertility in Sub Saharan Africa written by André Bationo and published by CIAT. This book was released on 2004 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding written by M. P. Reynolds and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2001 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Response of Dry Bean Roots to a Management System Designed to Alleviate Soil Related Stresses written by Rodney Lynn King and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flowering Pod set Yield and Dry Matter Partitioning of Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris L in Response to Water Stress and Flower and Leaf Removal written by Luis Fernando Flores-Lui and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems written by K. E. Giller and published by CABI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants is especially important when farmers are trying to minimise fertilizer use for cost or environmental reasons. This second edition of the highly successful book, first published in 1991, contains thoroughly updated and revised material on the theory and practice of nitrogen fixation in tropical cropping systems.
