Download or read book Combining Ability Estimates and Study of Genetic Diversity Among Maize Zea Mays L Inbred Lines Using Microsatellite Markers written by Mohd. Ashraf Bhat and published by . This book was released on with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimation Of Genetic Parameters In Maize written by F. M. Ali Haydar and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study was carried out to obtain information about the performance of maize inbred lines, genetic diversity, gene action and assessment of the combining ability of parental lines and their F1s by using diallel fashion. Cob length, number of kernels/row and no. of grains/cob could be the important selection criteria in the improvement of maize lines and hybrids for higher grain yield. The average inter-cluster was always higher than the average intra-cluster distance suggesting wider genetic diversity among the inbred lines of the groups. From Wr-Vr graph it has been noticed that expression of dominant and recessive alleles in the parents was influenced by environment as the same parent showed different positions on graphs. From this study, it is concluded that parents with recessive and dominant genes can also contribute towards high yield. Only 5 crosses had higher grain yield. Of these crosses, P1xP2, P2xP5, P4xP5 and P5xP6 were considered promising hybrids and will be tested in yield trials for further evaluation.
Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm
Download or read book Combining Ability Among and Within Early Medium and Late Maturity Classes of Maize Zea Mays L Inbred Lines written by Mohamed Barre Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Diversity Among Progenitors and Derived Lines of Two Maize Zea Mays L Populations written by James R. Rouse and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forty-six inbreds related to Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic #1 (BSCB1) were assayed for polymorphism at 227 microsatellite loci. The inbreds consisted of progenitors of BSSS and BSCB1 as well as elite lines derived from those populations. Diversity statistics were used to estimate genetic variability among the derived lines, and to locate regions of the maize genome that have changed as a result of artificial selection. The four groups of germplasm were labeled CBP and SSP for the progenitors of BSCB1 and BSSS, respectively, and CBL and SSL for the lines derived from BSCB1 and BSSS, respectively. There were means of 3.5 and 3.4 alleles per locus among the CBP and SSP, respectively, and 2.3 and 2.5 alleles per locus among the CBL and SSL. As expected, many more alleles were found in the progenitor groups than in the groups of derived lines. CBL showed only 60% of the alleles found in CBP, while SSL had 66% of the alleles found in SSP. Supporting previous studies in this area, we found that 26% of the alleles in SSP were unique to a single inbred. In CBP, 32% of the alleles were unique, a figure slightly higher than previous results in BSCB1 or BSSS. Of the unique alleles in both progenitor groups, 73% were not found in any of the derived lines. There were 33 marker loci in BSSS and 18 marker loci in BSCB1 that exhibited reductions in gene diversity that can be attributed to artificial selection (P = 0.1). Genetic distance between the progenitor groups was very low, indicating the progenitors were not highly divergent from each other. Rogers's distance (RD) between progenitor groups and derived line groups was identical in both BSSS and BSCB1, suggesting that the derived lines are equally divergent from their respective progenitor groups. The largest RD was between the two derived-line groups, about 35% greater than the progenitor-to-derived line distance. Rogers's distance between individual derived lines ranged from 15 to 54 in SSL and 25 to 56 in CBL, indicating some of the derived lines are very closely related.
Download or read book Genetics Genomics and Breeding of Maize written by Ramakrishna Wusirika and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. The use of maize in biofuels, phytoremediation and pharmaceuticals is also highlighted. Current research trends, future research directions and challenges are discussed by a panel of experts from all over the world.
Download or read book Indian Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2007-05 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability Analyses of Provitamin A Maize zea Mays L Inbred Lines for Drought Stress Tolerance written by Aleck Kondwakwenda and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Tools in Plant Genetic Resources Conservation written by A. Karp and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 1997 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a workshop on the use of molecular techniques in the conservation of plant genetic resources.
Download or read book The Maize Genome written by Jeffrey Bennetzen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-24 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in our understanding of the structure and function of the maize genome since publication of the original B73 reference genome in 2009, and the progress in translating this knowledge into basic biology and trait improvement. Maize is an extremely important crop, providing a large proportion of the world’s human caloric intake and animal feed, and serving as a model species for basic and applied research. The exceptionally high level of genetic diversity within maize presents opportunities and challenges in all aspects of maize genetics, from sequencing and genotyping to linking genotypes to phenotypes. Topics covered in this timely book range from (i) genome sequencing and genotyping techniques, (ii) genome features such as centromeres and epigenetic regulation, (iii) tools and resources available for trait genomics, to (iv) applications of allele mining and genomics-assisted breeding. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and students interested in maize genetics and genomics.
Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Relationships Among Early European Maize Zea Mays L Inbred Lines Revealed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms RFLPs written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Maize Germplasm written by Mohamed A. El-Esawi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is an important staple food crop worldwide. It is the third most important cereal crop after wheat and rice and is economically used for both livestock feeds and human consumption. The latest maize research has opened up new opportunities for crop improvement. This book brings together recent work and advances that have recently been made in the dynamic fields of genetic characterization, molecular breeding, genetic engineering technologies, and mapping of agronomic traits of global maize germplasm. It also provides new insights into and sheds new light regarding the current research trends and future research directions in maize. This book will provoke interest in many readers, researchers, and scientists, who can find this information useful for the advancement of their research works toward maize improvement.
Download or read book Advances in Cereal Crops Breeding written by Igor G Loskutov and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue on 'Advances in Cereal Crops Breeding' comprises 10 papers covering a wide range of subjects, including the expression-level investigation of genes in terms of salinity stress adaptations and their relationships with proteomics in rice, the use of genetic analysis to assess the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in promising hybrids of maize, the use of DNA markers based on PCR in rice, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in wheat and simple sequence repeats (SSR) in rice, the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in cereals, and Nanopore direct RNA sequencing of related with LTR RNA retrotransposon in triticale prior to the genomic selection of heterotic maize hybrids.
Download or read book Hybrid Cultivar Development written by S.S. Banga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-10-13 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterosis breeding based on male sterility has become established in many field crops and has been credited with high productivity. This book presents an update on the advent and promise of hybrids with comprehensive coverage of theoretical and applied aspects of heterosis breeding. Its principal elements are the hybrid advantage, pollination control mechanisms and finally the production of hybrid seeds. Individual crop specialists present in-depth analyses of intricacies involved in the development of hybrids of rice, wheat, maize, barley, pearl millet, sorghum, cotton, sunflower, rapeseed-mustard, castor, pigeonpea, tomato, onion, cole crops, peppers, and melon. The book will be used by researchers, teachers and students of botany, genetics, horticulture and plant breeding.
Download or read book Biofortification of Food Crops written by Ummed Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters presented in this book ‘Biofortification of Food Crops’ depict how agricultural technological interventions have true role in alleviating malnutrition. This book highlights the role of multidisciplinary approaches to cope up with the challenges of micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger which is an alarming public health issue in most parts of the world including India. In this endeavour, different biofortification approaches such as agronomic (or ferti-fortification), breeding, biotechnological, physiological, microbial etc. has fulfilled their different mandates of nutrient enrichment of food crops including cereals and pulses. The contents of the book proves that biofortified plants have adequate potential to nourish nutrient depleted soils, help increase crop productivity and provide nutritional benefits to plants, humans and livestock. The content and quality of information presented in this book will definitely provide multiple novel ideas of advance techniques and will stimulate innovative thoughts and directions amongst researchers and policy makers in the field of biofortification. In addition, the contributions presented in the book will be a good source of background knowledge and technical know-how to educate the readers about biofortification. The authors hope that the book entitled “Biofortification of Food Crops” would provide a suitable platform in our collective efforts for an appropriate dialogue among the scientists, researchers, entrepreneurs, policy makers and farmers in reducing the budding issues of malnutrition through novel approaches and means.
Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Relationships Among Early European Maize Zea Mays L Inbred Lines Revealed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms RFLPs written by Monika M. Messmer and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Variability and the Inheritance of Aluminum Tolerance in Maize Zea Mays L written by Ricardo Magnavaca and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize genotypes were grown in nutrient solutions with different levels of Al and P to study genetic variability and the inheritance of Al tolerance. Brazilian inbred lines evaluated on acid soils of that country were substantially more tolerant than American lines when grown in nutrient solutions with added Al. responses of inbred lines to Al levels were found to be affected by the P level in the nutrient solution. The inheritance of Al tolerance was studied in nutrient solutions with 185 uM Al and 45 uM P. Root lengths of generations (P1, P2, F1; F2, BC1 and BC2) derived from crosses between tolerant and montolerant inbred lines showed that additive gene effects explained most of the genetic variation for Al tolerance. Dominance effects accounted for abouthalf as much variation as did additive effects. Epistasis effects were small compared to the others. The frequency distributions of plants within the F2 generations were found to be continous, unimodal and typical for a quantitatively inheritance trait, with a general tendency for montolerance to be dominat over tolerance. In a diallel cross among inbred lines, the analysis of F1 crosses indicated that the variance for general combining ability explained most of the variation, but specific combining ability was always statistically significant. The original Brazilian population "Composto Amplo" and the fourth cycle of selection of grain in an acid soil that country were compared at different Al levels in nutrient solution. Root lengths of the original (...).
