Download or read book Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead federal agencies recovery responsibilities expenditures and actions written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead populations were once the world's largest. Before 1550, an estimated 16 million salmon and steelhead returned to the basin annually to spawn. Over the past 25 years, however, the number of salmon and steelhead returning to the Columbia River Basin has averaged around 660,000 per year, although annual population levels have varied widely. Various factors have contributed to the long-term decline including over-harvesting, the construction and operation of dams, the degradation of spawning habitat, increased human population, and unfavorable weather and ocean conditions. The population decline has resulted in the listing of 12 salmon and steelhead populations in the basin as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Once a species is listed as threatened or endangered, the ESA requires that efforts be taken to allow the species to recover. The Department of Commerce's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) is the lead agency responsible for the recovery of the threatened or endangered populations of Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead. The recovery of a species entails the development and implementation of a plan for the species' conservation and survival. The ESA also requires other federal agencies to consult with NMFS before they take any action that may jeopardize the continued existence of listed salmon or steelhead populations in the Columbia River Basin. You asked us to (1) identify the roles and responsibilities of the federal agencies involved with the recovery of Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead, (2) determine how much they have spent collectively on recovery efforts, and (3) determine what recovery actions they have undertaken and what they have accomplished.
Download or read book Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before 1850, an estimated 16 million salmon and steelhead returned to the Columbia River Basin annually to spawn. Over the past 25 years, the number of salmon and steelhead returning to the Columbia River Basin has averaged only 660,000 per year although annual population levels have varied widely. Factors such as over-harvesting, construction and operation of dams, degradation of spawning habitat, increased human population, and unfavorable weather and ocean conditions have contributed to the long-term decline. The population decline has resulted in the listing of 12 salmon and steelhead populations in the basin as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Once a species is listed as threatened or endangered, the act requires that efforts be taken to allow its recovery. Eleven federal agencies are involved with salmon and steelhead recovery efforts in the Columbia River Basin. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), as the lead agency, is responsible for preparing a recovery plan and consulting with the other federal agencies on their planned actions. The 11 federal agencies estimate expenditures of $1.8 billion from fiscal year 1982 through fiscal year 1996 and $1.5 billion from fiscal year 1997 through fiscal year 2001 on efforts specifically designed to recover Columbia River Basin salmon and steelhead. In addition to the $1.5 billion, the 11 federal agencies estimated that they expended $302 million in the last five fiscal years on modifications to mission-related projects that benefited, but were not specifically directed at, salmon and steelhead, such as erosion control to improve crop productivity and wildlife habitat, which also improves stream flows and reduces sedimentation in spawning habitat. Although federal agencies have undertaken many types of recovery actions, there is little conclusive evidence to quantify the extent of their efforts on returning fish populations. Recovery actions taken include projects, such as constructing fish passage facilities at dams; research studies, such as determining the presence or absence of toxic substances that cause diseases in fish; monitoring actions, such as surveying spawning grounds; and other activities, such as consultations required by the act.
Download or read book Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead: Federal Agencies' Recovery Responsibilities, Expenditures and Actions
Download or read book Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Columbia River Basin Salmon and Steelhead written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent agency that works for Congress. The GAO watches over Congress, and investigates how the federal government spends taxpayers dollars. The Comptroller General of the United States is the leader of the GAO, and is appointed to a 15-year term by the U.S. President. The GAO wants to support Congress, while at the same time doing right by the citizens of the United States. They audit, investigate, perform analyses, issue legal decisions and report anything that the government is doing. This is one of their reports.
Download or read book Endangered Species written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program salmon Recovery written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Columbia River Basin written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endangered Species written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Columbia River Basin a multilayered collection of directives and plans guides federal fish and wildlife activities report to Committee on Indian Affairs U S Senate written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Endangered Species Past Actions Taken to Assist Columbia River Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal agencies and regional organizations have taken numerous actions and incurred substantial costs for more than 50 years to maintain and improve salmon runs in the Columbia River Basin. The cost of actions taken, as reported by federal and regional entities, is significant since 1981 over $1.3 billion (adjusted to 1991 dollars) has been spent. Substantial costs were also reported as being incurred prior to 1981, but because the cost data were generally not identified by the year incurred, we could not calculate total costs in 1991 dollars. (Apps. I and II provide a detailed breakdown of reported costs by organization for the post-1981 and pre-1981 time periods, respectively). Actions taken have included the construction and operation of fish hatcheries; the construction of fish ladders and other facilities at Columbia and Snake River dams to assist salmon in their migration to and from the sea; improvements to salmon habitat; and research related to learning more about salmon or to assess and improve salmon runs. Regional efforts intensified following enactment of the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act in 1980, which required that assistance be provided for fish and wildlife resources affected by power-generating facilities at Columbia River Basin dams. The effectiveness of actions taken to maintain and improve salmon runs, according to evaluations performed by a number of federal, state, and regional organizations, indicate that some actions taken have been effective in helping certain types of salmon at specific locations.
Download or read book Columbia River Basin Salmon Steelhead Management Framework Plan written by Columbia River Fisheries Council and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Channel Improvements Columbia and Lower Willamette River Federal Navigation Channel OR WA written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impacts on Tribal Fish and Wildlife Management Programs in the Pacific Northwest written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ) and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Green Gone Wild written by M. David Stirling and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Gone Wild takes an in depth look at government confiscatory regulation of private property in the name of protecting so-called endangered plant and wildlife species that trample on Fifth Amendment guarantees. This book shines a spotlight on the extreme green movement that has cost many Americans their lives, jobs, and homes while saving only a handful of species.
Download or read book New Public Governance written by Douglas Morgan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by scholars who have been at the forefront of the NPG debate as well as by scholar-practitioners, this book provides lessons learned from experience on how networked, contract-based and partnership-centered approaches to government can be undertaken in ways that preserve the values at the center of the American constitutional and political system.
Download or read book Golden Gate University Law Review written by Golden Gate University. School of Law and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
