Download or read book Collaborative Studies for Mercury Characterization in Coal and Coal Combustion Products Republic of South Africa written by Allan Kolker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization of Mercury in Coal Combustion Products Generated in Wisconsin written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF COAL COMBUSTION BY PRODUCTS FOR THE RE EVOLUTION OF MERCURY INTO ECOSYSTEMS written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPA and state environmental agencies are suggesting that mercury (Hg) in coal combustion by-products is re-emitted into local ecosystems by additional processing to final products (i.e., wallboard, etc.), by dissolution into groundwater, or by reactions with anaerobic bacteria. This perception may limit the opportunities to use coal combustion by-products in recycle/reuse applications. In this program, CONSOL Energy is conducting a comprehensive sampling and analytical program to address this concern. If the results of this work demonstrate that re-emissions of Hg from waste disposal and by-product utilization are over-stated, additional regulations regarding coal combustion, waste disposal, and waste material utilization will not be required. This will result in continued low energy cost that is beneficial to the national economy and stability of local economies that are dependent on coal. In this quarter, laboratory equipment was assembled and blank test runs were made, manufactured aggregate and spray dryer ash samples were collected and leached, and fly ash and FGD slurry samples from an Ohio bituminous coal-fired utility were collected for leaching.

Download or read book Analysis for Mercury in Coal written by Martin D. Schlesinger and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterization and Modeling of the Forms of Mercury from Coal fired Power Plants written by Dennis L. Laudal and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamental Understanding of Mercury Removal from Coal Combustion written by Erdem Sasmaz and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal-fired power plants are a major anthropogenic source of worldwide mercury (Hg) emissions. Since mercury is considered to be one of the most toxic metals found in the environment, Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants is of major environmental concern. Mercury in coal is vaporized into its gaseous elemental form throughout the coal combustion process. Elemental Hg can be oxidized in subsequent reactions with other gaseous components (homogeneous) and solid materials (heterogeneous) in coal-fired flue gases. While oxidized Hg in coal-fired flue gases is readily controlled by its adsorption onto fly ash and/or its dissolution into existing solution-based sulfur dioxide (SO2) scrubbers, elemental Hg is not controlled. The extent of elemental Hg formed during coal combustion is difficult to predict since it is dependent on the type of coal burned, combustion conditions, and existing control technologies installed. Therefore, it is important to understand heterogeneous Hg reaction mechanisms to predict the speciation of Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants to design and effectively determine the best applicable control technologies. In this work, theoretical and experimental investigations have been performed to investigate the adsorption and in some cases the oxidation, of Hg on solid surfaces, e.g., calcium oxide (CaO), noble metals and activated carbon (AC). The objective of this research is to identify potential materials that can be used as multi-pollutant sorbents in power plants by carrying out both high-level density functional theory (DFT) electronic structure calculations and experiments to understand heterogeneous chemical pathways of Hg. This research uses a fundamental science-based approach to understand the environmental problems caused by coal-fired energy production and provides solutions to the power generation industry for emissions reductions. Understanding the mechanism associated with Hg and SO2 adsorption on CaO will help to optimize the conditions or material to limit Hg emissions from the flue gas desulfurization process. Plane-wave DFT calculations were used to investigate the binding mechanism of Hg species and SO2 on the CaO(100) surface. The binding strengths on the high-symmetry CaO adsorption sites have been investigated for elemental Hg, SO2, mercury chlorides (HgCl and HgCl2) and mercuric oxide (HgO). It has been discovered that HgCl, HgCl2, and SO2 chemisorb on the CaO(100) surface at 0.125 ML coverage. Binding energies of elemental Hg are minimal indicating a physisorption mechanism. Noble metals such as palladium (Pd), gold (Au), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) have been proposed to capture elemental Hg. Plane-wave DFT calculations have been carried out to investigate the mercury interactions with Pd binary alloys and overlays in addition to pure Pd, Au, Ag, and Cu surfaces. It has been determined that Pd has the highest mercury binding energy in comparison to other noble metals. In addition, Pd is found to be the primary surface atom responsible for increasing the adsorption of Hg with the surface in both Pd binary alloys and overlays. Deposition of Pd overlays on Au and Ag has been found to enhance the reactivity of the surface by shifting the d-states of surface atoms up in energy. The possible binding mechanisms of elemental Hg onto virgin, brominated and sulfonated AC fiber and brominated powder AC sorbents have been investigated through packed-bed experiments in a stream of air and simulated flue gas conditions, including SO2, hydrogen chloride (HCl), nitrogen oxide (NO) nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A combination of spectroscopy and plane-wave DFT calculations was used to characterize the sorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy were used to analyze the surface and bulk chemical compositions of brominated AC sorbents reacted with Hg0. Through XPS surface characterization studies it was found that Hg adsorption is primarily associated with halogens on the surface. Elemental Hg is oxidized on AC surfaces and the oxidation state of adsorbed Hg is found to be Hg2+. Though plane-wave DFT and density of states (DOS) calculations indicate that Hg is more stable when it is bound to the edge carbon atom interacting with a single bromine bound atop of Hg, a model that includes an interaction between the Hg and an additional Br atom matches best with experimental data obtained from extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The flue gas species such as HCl and bromine (Br2) enhance the Hg adsorption, while SO2 is found to decrease the Hg adsorption significantly by poisoning the active sites on the AC surface. The AC sorbents represent the most market-ready technology for Hg capture and therefore have been investigated by both theory and experiment in this work. Future work will include similar characterization and bench-scale experiments to test the metal-based materials for the sorbent and oxidation performance.

Download or read book Mercury Control written by Evan J. Granite and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-20 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential handbook and ready reference offers a detailed overview of the existing and currently researched technologies available for the control of mercury in coal-derived gas streams and that are viable for meeting the strict standards set by environmental protection agencies. Written by an internationally acclaimed author team from government agencies, academia and industry, it details US, EU, Asia-Pacific and other international perspectives, regulations and guidelines.

Download or read book Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Direct Combustion Analysis written by ASTM International and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mercury Measurement and Characterization at Constellation Power Source Generation s Coal fired Units written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Direct Combustion Analysis written by American Society for Testing and Materials and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Direct Combustion Analysis written by ASTM International and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Standard Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Direct Combustion Analysis written by American Society for Testing and Materials and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fundamentals of Mercury Transformations in Coal Combustion Flue Gas written by Balaji Krishnakumar and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer Aided Data Acquisition and Analysis for a Mercury Porosimeter written by Mikula, Randall J and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mercury as a Coal Combustion Pollutant written by Oficyna Drukarska - Jacek Chmielewski and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mercury and Coal fuelled Power Plants written by Elissa Newman-Sutherland and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.