Download or read book Cognitive Processes in Eye Guidance written by Geoffrey Underwood and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-28 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether reading, looking at a picture, or driving, how is it that we know where to look next - how does the human visual system calculate where our gaze should be directed in order to achieve our cognitive aims? This book brings together leading vision scientists studying eye movements across a range of activities, such as reading, driving, computer activities, and chess. It provides groundbreaking new research that will help us understand how it is that we know where to move our eyes, and thereby better understand the cognitive processes underlying these activities.

Download or read book Eye Guidance in Reading and Scene Perception written by G. Underwood and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-07-16 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distinguished contributors to this volume have been set the problem of describing how we know where to move our eyes. There is a great deal of current interest in the use of eye movement recordings to investigate various mental processes. The common theme is that variations in eye movements indicate variations in the processing of what is being perceived, whether in reading, driving or scene perception. However, a number of problems of interpretation are now emerging, and this edited volume sets out to address these problems. The book investigates controversies concerning the variations in eye movements associated with reading ability, concerning the extent to which text is used by the guidance mechanism while reading, concerning the relationship between eye movements and the control of other body movements, the relationship between what is inspected and what is perceived, and concerning the role of visual control attention in the acquisition of complex perceptual-motor skills, in addition to the nature of the guidance mechanism itself. The origins of the volume are in discussions held at a meeting of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology (ESCOP) that was held in Wurzburg in September 1996. The discussions concerned the landing effect in reading, an effect, that if substantiated, would provide evidence of the use of parafoveal information in eye guidance, and these discussions were explored in more detail at a small meeting in Chamonix, in February 1997. Many of the contributors to this volume were present at the meeting, but the arguments were not resolved in Chamonix either. Other leaders in the field were invited to contribute to the discussion, and this volume is the product. The argument remains unresolved, but the problem is certainly clearer.

Download or read book Eye Movements and Visual Cognition written by Keith Rayner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a leading scholar in the field, Eye Movements and Visual Cognitionpresents an up-to-date overview of the topics relevant to understanding the relationship between eye movements and visual cognition, particularly in relation to scene perception and reading. Cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, educational psychologists, and reading specialists will find this volume to be an authoritative source of state-of-the art research in this rapidly expanding area of study.

Download or read book Eye Tracking written by Kathy Conklin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-15 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye-tracking is quickly becoming a valuable tool in applied linguistics research as it provides a 'real-time', direct measure of cognitive processing effort. This book provides a straightforward introduction to the technology and how it might be used in language research. With a strong focus on the practicalities of designing eye-tracking studies that achieve the standard of other well-established experimental techniques, it provides valuable information about building and designing studies, touching on common challenges and problems, as well as solutions. Importantly, the book looks at the use of eye-tracking in a wide variety of applied contexts including reading, listening and multi-modal input, writing, testing, corpus linguistics, translation, stylistics, and computer-mediated communication. Each chapter finishes with a simple checklist to help researchers use eye-tracking in a wide variety of language studies. Discussion is grounded in concrete examples, which will allow users coming to the technology for the first time to gain the knowledge and confidence to use it to produce high quality research.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements written by Simon Liversedge and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few years, there has been an explosion of eye movement research in cognitive science and neuroscience. This has been due to the availability of 'off the shelf' eye trackers, along with software to allow the easy acquisition and analysis of eye movement data. Accompanying this has been a realisation that eye movement data can be informative about many different aspects of perceptual and cognitive processing. Eye movements have been used to examine the visual and cognitive processes underpinning a much broader range of human activities, including, language production, dialogue, human computer interaction, driving behaviour, sporting performance, and emotional states. Finally, in the past thirty years, there have been real advances in our understanding of the neural processes that underpin eye movement behaviour. The Oxford Handbook of Eye Movements provides the first comprehensive review of the entire field of eye movement research. In over fifty chapters, it reviews the developments that have so far taken place, the areas actively being researched, and looks at how the field is likely to devlop in the coming years. The first section considers historical and background material, before moving onto section 2 on the neural basis of eye movements. The third and fourth sections looks at visual cognition and eye movements and eye movement pathology and development. The final sections consider eye movements and reading and language processing and eye movements. Bringing together cutting edge research from and international team of leading psychologists, neuroscientists, and vision researchers, this book is the definitive reference work in this field.

Download or read book A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research written by Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-05-20 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides a critical review and user’s guide to conducting and reporting process tracing studies of decision making. Each chapter covers a specific method that is presented and reviewed by authors who are experts in the method’s application to decision research. The book ultimately illustrates and presents a multi-method approach and is essential reading for graduate students and researchers wishing to undertake such studies on decision making.

Download or read book Eye Tracking written by Kenneth Holmqvist and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We make 3-5 eye movements per second, and these movements are crucial in helping us deal with the vast amounts of information we encounter in our everyday lives. In recent years, thanks to the development of eye tracking technology, there has been a growing interest in monitoring and measuring these movements, with a view to understanding how we attend to and process the visual information we encounter Eye tracking as a research tool is now more accessible than ever, and is growing in popularity amongst researchers from a whole host of different disciplines. Usability analysts, sports scientists, cognitive psychologists, reading researchers, psycholinguists, neurophysiologists, electrical engineers, and others, all have a vested interest in eye tracking for different reasons. The ability to record eye-movements has helped advance our science and led to technological innovations. However, the growth of eye tracking in recent years has also presented a variety of challenges - in particular the issue of how to design an eye-tracking experiment, and how to analyse the data. This book is a much needed comprehensive handbook of eye tracking methodology. It describes how to evaluate and acquire an eye-tracker, how to plan and design an eye tracking study, and how to record and analyse eye-movement data. Besides technical details and theory, the heart of this book revolves around practicality - how raw data samples are converted into fixations and saccades using event detection algorithms, how the different representations of eye movement data are calculated using AOIs, heat maps and scanpaths, and how all the measures of eye movements relate to these processes. Part I presents the technology and skills needed to perform high-quality research with eye-trackers. Part II covers the predominant methods applied to the data which eye-trackers record. These include the parsing of raw sample data into oculomotor events, and how to calculate other representations of eye movements such as heat maps and transition matrices. Part III gives a comprehensive outline of the measures which can be calculated using the events and representations described in Part II. This is a taxonomy of the measures available to eye-tracking researchers, sorted by type of movement of the eyes and type of analysis. For anyone in the sciences considering conducting research involving eye-tracking, this book will be an essential reference work.

Download or read book Comprehension Processes in Reading written by D. A. Balota and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1990 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehension Processes in Reading addresses the interrelationship among several areas relevant to understanding how people comprehend text. The contributors focus on the on-line processes associated with text understanding rather than simply with the product of that comprehension -- what people remember from reading. Presenting the latest theories and research findings from a distinguished group of contributors, Comprehension Processes in Reading is divided into four major sections. Each section, concluding with a commentary chapter, discusses a different aspect of reader understanding or dysfunction such as individual word comprehension, sentence parsing, text comprehension, and comprehension failures and dyslexia .

Download or read book Eye movement related brain activity during perceptual and cognitive processing written by Andrey R. Nikolaev and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recording and analysis of electrical brain activity associated with eye movements has a history of several decades. While the early attempts were primarily focused on uncovering the brain mechanisms of eye movements, more recent approaches use eye movements as markers of the ongoing brain activity to investigate perceptual and cognitive processes. This recent approach of segmenting brain activity based on eye movement behavior has several important advantages. First, the eye movement system is closely related to cognitive functions such as perception, attention and memory. This is not surprising since eye movements provide the easiest and the most accurate way to extract information from our visual environment and the eye movement system largely determines what information is selected for further processing. The eye movement-based segmentation offers a great way to study brain activity in relation to these processes. Second, on the methodological level, eye movements constitute a natural marker to segment the ongoing brain activity. This overcomes the problem of introducing artificial markers such as ones for stimulus presentation or response execution that are typical for a lab-based research. This opens possibilities to study brain activity during self-paced perceptual and cognitive behavior under naturalistic conditions such as free exploration of scenes. Third, by relating eye movement behavior to the ongoing brain activity it is possible to see how perceptual and cognitive processes unfold in time, being able to predict how brain activity eventually leads to behavior. This research topic illustrates advantages of the combined recording and analysis of eye movements and neural signals such as EEG, local field potentials and fMRI for investigation of the brain processes in humans and animals. The contributions include research papers, methodology papers and reviews demonstrating conceptual and methodological achievements in this rapidly developing field.

Download or read book Processing of Visible Language written by Paul A. Kolers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second symposium on processing visible language constituted a different "mix" of participants from the first. Greater emphasis was given to the design of language, both in its historical development and in its current display; and to practical questions associated with machine-implementation oflanguage, in the interactions of person and computer, and in the characteristics of the physical and environmental objects that affect the interaction. Another change was that a special session on theory capped the proceedings. Psychologists remained heavily involved, however, both as contributors to and as discussants of the work pre sented. The motivation of the conferences remains one of bringing together graphic designers, engineers, and psychologists concerned with the display and acquisition of visible language. The papers separately tended to emphasize the one of the three disciplines that mark their authors' field of endeavor, but are constructed to be general rather than parochial. Moreover, within the three disciplines, papers emphasized either the textual or the more pictorial aspects. For example, a session on writing systems ranged from principles that seem to characterize all such systems to specific papers on ancient Egyptian writing, modern Korean, and English shorthand. The complementary session on the nontextual media opened with a discussion of general principles of pictorial communication and included papers on communicating instructions, general information, or religious belief through designs and other pictorial forms, as well as a discussion. of misrepresentation.

Download or read book Eye Movements and Vision written by A. L. Yarbus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Eye Tracking Methodology written by Andrew Duchowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-14 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the availability of cheap, fast, accurate and usable eye trackers, there is little information available on how to develop, implement and use these systems. This 2nd edition of the successful guide contains significant additional material on the topic and aims to fill that gap in the market by providing an accessible and comprehensive introduction. Additional key features of the 2nd edition include: Technical description of new (state-of-the-art) eye tracking technology; a complete whole new section describing experimental methodology including experimental design, empirical guidelines, and five case studies; and survey material regarding recent research publications.

Download or read book Eye Movements and Their Role in Visual and Cognitive Processes written by Eileen Kowler and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1990 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to deal exclusively with oculomotor performance in a series that, up to this point, has been devoted largely to reviews of research on oculomotor anatomy and physiology. The publication of this volume signifies the recognition of the fact that a genuine understanding of eye movement will not come about through the study of neurons alone. We need to know about the capacity to make different kinds of eye movement, and about how such oculomotor capacity is used to accomplish different sorts of visual and cognitive tasks, i.e. how the eye can move and why it moves in particular ways. Research on respective topics was critically evaluated by the contributing authors, resulting in a controversial and up-to-date appraisal of this subject.

Download or read book Optometry Science Techniques and Clinical Management E Book written by Mark Rosenfield and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the theory and practice of optometry in one succinct volume. From the fundamental science of vision to clinical techniques and the management of common ocular conditions, this book encompasses the essence of contemporary optometric practice. Now in full colour and featuring over 400 new illustrations, this popular text which will appeal to both students and practitioners wishing to keep up to date has been revised significantly. The new edition incorporates recent advances in technology and a complete overview of clinical procedures to improve and update everyday patient care. Contributions from well-known international experts deliver a broad perspective and understanding of current optometric practice. A useful aid for students and the newly qualified practitioner, while providing a rapid reference guide for the more experienced clinician. - Comprehensive and logical coverage detailing the full spectrum of optometric practice in one volume. - Succinctly covers the basics of anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, investigative techniques and clinical management of common eye conditions to provide key topics likely to be met in clinical practice. - Discusses the full range of refractive correction, from spectacles and contact lenses to surgical treatment. - Includes chapters on the management of special populations, including paediatric, elderly, low vision and special needs patients. - Heavily illustrated throughout with key diagrams and images to support the text. - Complete restructuring of contents into three sections: basic sciences, clinical techniques and patient management. - Full colour throughout with over 400 illustrations. - Many new chapters reflecting the changes in optometric practice and technology over the last 20 years, including new imaging and diagnostic procedures and methods of ocular treatment and refractive correction. - Now includes internationally renowned authors from around the world. - Details a full range of refractive and management approaches for patient care.

Download or read book Cognitive Processes in Individual and Collective Creativity A Cross Cultural Perspective written by Chang Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-30 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creativity, the highest level of human wisdom, has become an increasingly important concept in different fields of psychological enquiry, particularly because it is portrayed as contributing to many aspects of society, including personal development, economic prosperity and technological advancement. However, although considerable research attention from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds has focused on trying to understand creativity, the specific nature of creativity, its theoretical underpinnings and cognitive mechanisms, remain unclear, not least when it comes to the understanding of creativity at the individual level and creativity at the collective level. On the one hand, there are crucial distinctions between individual and collective creativity. On the other hand, the process of being creative involves not only independent or individual efforts but also interdependent or collective efforts. Understanding these differences and interrelationships is crucially important in studies of creativity. In this Research Topic, we bring together research from a wide variety of cognitive and psychological approaches and perspectives in order to provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of creativity at both the individual and collective levels. Furthermore, cognitive mechanisms in the creativity process are unavoidably affected by sociocultural factors and these mechanisms look different across cultures, particularly between Eastern cultures and Western cultures, two worlds that often imply dramatically dissimilar values and perspectives. Despite the fact that many studies have compared and contrasted these two cultures in various respects, little research has focused on the specific topic of cultural variation in creative cognition. In addition, very few studies have examined the differences in the cognitive mechanisms underpinning the cultural variations that can be observed at a surface level. This Research Topic aims to fill this gap in the literature and examine the cognitive processes and mechanisms in the creativity process at both individual and collective levels across different cultures by using theoretical and empirical evidence.

Download or read book The Interface of Language Vision and Action written by John Henderson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-24 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together chapters from investigators on the leading edge on this new research area to explore on the leading edge on this new research area to explore common theoretical issues, empirical findings, technical problems, and outstanding questions. This book will serve as a blueprint for work on the interface of vision, language, and action over the next five to ten years.

Download or read book Eye Movements written by Roger PG van Gompel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-27 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye-movement recording has become the method of choice in a wide variety of disciplines investigating how the mind and brain work. This volume brings together recent, high-quality eye-movement research from many different disciplines and, in doing so, presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in eye-movement research. Sections include the history of eye-movement research, physiological and clinical studies of eye movements, transsaccadic integration, computational modelling of eye movements, reading, spoken language processing, attention and scene perception, and eye-movements in natural environments. - Includes recent research from a variety of disciplines - Divided into sections based on topic areas, with an overview chapter beginning each section - Through the study of eye movements we can learn about the human mind, and eye movement recording has become the method of choice in many disciplines