Download or read book Cognitive Performance and Obesity written by Boon Tiong Boh and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clinical Topics in Old Age Psychiatry written by Julian C. Hughes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of important current subjects in old age psychiatry, demonstrating the depth and breadth of the speciality.
Download or read book Cognitive Function in Adults with Obesity written by Christina Louise Prickett and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of obesity and its associated negative health consequences are a significant public health concern. Recent research has demonstrated an association between mid life obesity and increased risk of later life dementia. This worrying relationship has prompted investigation and identification of an association between obesity and cognitive impairment in mid life. However, many questions remain regarding the domains of cognition affected; the independent contribution of obesity to cognitive function above and beyond obesity related comorbidities; and the subjective experience of such impairment in individuals with obesity.A series of three studies addressed these identified limitations of the literature. A systematic review assessed evidence of domain specific cognitive impairment, and the independent contribution of obesity to cognitive function in mid life adults (Aim 1). Seventeen articles were reviewed, with evidence of obesity related cognitive impairment in the domains of intellectual functioning, psychomotor performance and speed, visual construction, concept formation and set shifting, and decision making. However, as few studies considered comorbidities relevant to investigating an independent link, evidence regarding an independent relationship between obesity and cognitive function was limited.The remaining two empirical studies of this thesis examined a sample of 69 treatment seeking individuals with obesity and 65 healthy weight individuals (matched for age and gender). Individuals with obesity were recruited consecutively from a private surgical weight loss clinic in Melbourne, Australia. The healthy weight control group were volunteers recruited from the general community. Participants completed a range of clinical health, psychological, and neuropsychological measures. The first empirical paper assessed domain specific cognitive functioning in adults with obesity (Aim 2) and the independent contribution of obesity to this performance (Aim 3). Individuals with obesity demonstrated poorer cognitive performance (independent of education) compared to healthy weight control participants in psychomotor performance and speed, verbal learning and memory, complex attention, semantic verbal fluency, working memory, and concept formation and set shifting. Obesity related impairments remained significant in each of these domains (except verbal memory) following control for obesity related comorbidities (e.g., mood, sleep, and cardiovascular disease risk factors). The second empirical paper employed a self report questionnaire to investigate the subjective experience of cognitive impairment in adults of obese and healthy weight, and the variables associated with these reports (Aim 4). The majority of both obese and healthy weight participants reported low levels of self-reported cognitive dysfunction, with no differences demonstrated between groups. Self reported cognitive dysfunction was not associated with objective cognitive performance, but with depression and anxiety symptoms in both groups and fatigue and sleepiness in the healthy weight group. In multivariate analyses, anxiety was the only significant independent predictor of self reported cognitive dysfunction in both obese and healthy weight individuals. Overall, this thesis adds to the growing evidence of cognitive impairment in adults with obesity, along with providing initial evidence that obesity independently contributes to this performance. Findings that individuals with obesity report similar levels of cognitive dysfunction compared to healthy weight individuals indicate that these early cognitive deficits may not be subjectively experienced during mid life. Further research however, is required to clarify the brain regions and mechanisms underlying obesity related cognitive impairment, and confirm the clinical significance of this impairment. Ultimately, the long term aim of this research should be to examine whether mid life weight loss can improve mid life obesity related cognitive impairment and attenuate late life dementia risk. This will be particularly important in the context of the growing levels of obesity and an ageing population.
Download or read book Obesity and Diabetes written by Joel Faintuch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, this comprehensive handbook provides a state-of-the-art overview of recent advances in drug and non-drug therapies for obesity and diabetes. It also addresses major comorbidities, covering topics such as, cardiovascular diseases, renal and neuropsychiatric disorders, appetite control and micro RNAs. Special attention is also devoted to pediatric care, including the latest recommendations for therapy and prevention. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are among the top global health-care budget concerns worldwide and impact professional practice at all levels: in hospitals, clinics and physicians’ offices alike. They prominently feature in headlines, and virtually no family, community or country is exempt from their protean, deleterious consequences. Furthermore, given the multiple intersections in their pathways, they often go hand in hand. The good news is that scientific advances in all fields, including genomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and microbiomics, are increasing our understanding of these two disease areas. At the same time, artificial intelligence, machine learning, mobile health and advanced implantable and external devices are rendering prevention and management more available, safe and cost-effective. In addition, bariatric and metabolic surgery has evolved from a niche specialty to an officially endorsed option for several modalities of obesity and diabetes. This book presents the latest lifestyle, pharmacological, surgical and non-surgical treatment options, including endoscopic intervention and cell therapy. Objectively reviewing natural and artificial sweeteners and critically examining issues such as public health initiatives, government mandated taxes for unhealthy foods and environmental planning, no stone is left unturned in gathering the latest practical information. As such, the book will appeal to seasoned specialists, as well as students and healthcare professionals in training.
Download or read book The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience written by K. Szabo and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hippocampus is one of the most intriguing structures of the human brain. Damage to this part causes symptoms ranging from transient disorders accompanied by tiny lesions to severely debilitating cognitive disorders with marked tissue loss. This publication provides a predominantly clinical approach to the complex workings of the hippocampus from different perspectives, ranging from basic principles to specific diseases. The first part of the book summarizes current knowledge regarding the structure and physiology of the hippocampus and establishes the ties to basic neuroscience. The second part deals with the function and assessment of the human hippocampus, including memory function, neuropsychological measures, and conventional and functional imaging studies. The chapters of the third part are devoted to the hippocampus in neurological disorders, e.g. the interaction between stress and memory function, and the pathological conditions of common as well as selected rare neurological diseases affecting the hippocampus. The book is highly recommended to clinical neurologists who wish to gain a broad understanding of this complex and fascinating organ in terms of basic principles, modern imaging findings, and specific diseases.
Download or read book Plan and Operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 94 written by National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the plan and operation of the third National Health and Nutrition Survey. The sample for this study of the U.S. population was selected from households in 81 counties across the United States. About 40,000 persons 2 months of age and over were selected, including large samples of both young and old persons. About 12,000 of the sample persons were black Americans, 12,000 were Mexican-Americans, and the remaining 16,000 were of all other race and ethnicity groups. All selected persons were asked to complete an extensive interview and an examination in a large mobile examination center. The survey period is 1988-94, consisting of two phases of equal length and sample size. Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 were random samples of the U.S. population living in households.
Download or read book Obesity and Mental Disorders written by Susan L. McElroy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-01-13 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are a limited amount of guidelines to help clinicians manage patients with obesity and comorbid mental disorders. This expertly written source fills the gap in the literature by providing a clear overview of obesity and its relationship to mental illness while reviewing the most recent methods to manage and control the condition wi
Download or read book The Effects of Weight Loss on Cognitive Performance and Psychological Well being Among Overweight Women written by Janet Bryan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Type 2 Diabetes and Dementia written by Velandai Srikanth and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type 2 Diabetes and Dementia details the relationship between diabetes, dementia and the future of medicine and therapeutics. Chapters range from epidemiology, clinical features, neuroimaging biomarkers, neuropathology, macrostructural and molecular mechanisms, risk assessment and prevention strategies, and the application of therapeutics. The book reflects the translational aspects of the current science in the field, with an emphasis on the display of neuroimaging and neuropathology. It contains contributions from world experts, and is ideal for clinicians and researchers in the fields of neurology, neuroscience, geriatric medicine and endocrinology. Presents a comprehensive overview that details the relationship between diabetes, dementia and the future of medicine and therapeutics Written for researchers and clinicians in neurology, neuroscience, geriatric medicine and endocrinology Includes topics ranging from epidemiology, clinical features, neuroimaging biomarkers, neuropathology, macrostructural and molecular mechanisms, risk assessment, prevention strategies and therapeutic applications
Download or read book Exercise and Its Mediating Effects on Cognition written by Waneen Wyrick Spirduso and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2007 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title seeks to expand on reader's understanding by examining whether and how physical activity could indirectly affect cognitive function by influencing mediators that provide physical and mental resources for cognition.
Download or read book Interdisciplinary Nutritional Management and Care for Older Adults written by Ólöf G. Geirsdóttir and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Part I: Nutritional Care in Geriatrics -- 1: Overview of Nutrition Care in Geriatrics and Orthogeriatrics -- 1.1 Defining Malnutrition -- 1.2 Nutrition Care in Older Adults: A Complex and Necessary Challenge -- 1.3 Malnutrition: A Truly Wicked Problem -- 1.4 Building the Rationale for Integrated Nutrition Care -- 1.5 Managing the Wicked Nutrition Problems with a SIMPLE Approach (or Other Tailored Models) -- 1.5.1 Keep It SIMPLE When Appropriate -- 1.5.2 A SIMPLE Case Example -- 1.5.2.1 S-Screen for Malnutrition -- 1.5.2.2 I-Interdisciplinary Assessment -- 1.5.2.3 M-Make the Diagnosis (es) -- 1.5.2.4 P-Plan with the Older Adult -- 1.5.2.5 L-Implement Interventions -- 1.5.2.6 E-Evaluate Ongoing Care Requirements -- 1.6 Bringing It All Together: Integrated Nutrition Care Across the Four Pillars of (Ortho) Geriatric Care -- 1.7 Summary: Finishing Off with a List of New Questions -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 2: Nutritional Requirements in Geriatrics -- 2.1 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.2 Nutritional Recommendations for Older Adults -- 2.2.1 Energy Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.2 Protein Requirement and Recommended Intake -- 2.2.3 Micronutrients and Dietary Fibers -- 2.3 Nutritional Risk Factors in Older Adults -- 2.4 Estimating Intake in Older Adults -- 2.5 Nutritional Status of Older Adults, Geriatric and Orthogeriatric Patients -- 2.6 Summary -- References -- Recommended Reading -- 3: Nutritional Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Geriatrics -- 3.1 The Nutrition Care Process -- 3.2 Nutritional Screening/Risk Detection -- 3.3 Nutritional Assessment and Diagnosis -- 3.3.1 Nutrition Impact Symptoms -- 3.3.2 Nutritional Diagnosis -- 3.3.3 Etiologic Criteria.
Download or read book Cognitive Aging written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health. Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health professionals, and public awareness and education. This report makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities, and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging is not just an individual or a family or a health care system challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health care providers and systems, financial organizations, community groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that requires prompt action across many sectors.
Download or read book Impact of Diet on Learning Memory and Cognition written by Amy Claire Reichelt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-22 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in food composition and availability have contributed to the dramatic increase in obesity over the past 30-40 years in developed and, increasingly, in developing countries. The modern diet now contains many foods that are rich in saturated fat and refined sugar. People who eat excessive amounts of this diet are not only likely to become overweight, even obese, develop metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, some forms of cancer, but also undergo a more rapid rate of normal age-related cognitive decline and more rapid progression of neurological diseases such as dementia. A central problem is why people persist in consuming this diet in spite of its adverse health effects and when alternative food choices are available. As high fat / high sugar foods are inherently rewarding, eating for pleasure, like taking psychoactive drugs, can modulate reward neurocircuitry, causing changes in responsiveness to reward-predicting stimuli and incentive motivation. Indeed, the excessive ingestion in modern societies and the resulting obesity epidemic may be viewed as a form of food addiction. Thus, a diet high in palatable foods is proposed to impact upon reward systems in the brain, modulating appetitive learning and altering reward thresholds. Impairments in other forms of cognition have been associated with obesity, and these have a rapid onset. The hippocampus appears to be particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of high fat and high sugar diets. Recent research has shown that as little as one week of exposure to a high fat, high sugar diet leads to impairments in place but not object recognition memory in the rat. Excess sugar alone had similar effects, and the detrimental effects of diet consumption was linked to increased inflammatory markers in the hippocampus, a critical region involved in memory. Furthermore, obesity-related inflammatory changes have also been described in the human brain that may lead to memory impairments. These memory deficits may contribute to pathological eating behaviour through changes in the amount consumed and timing of eating. The aim of this eBook is to present up-to-date information about the impact of diet and diet-induced obesity on reward driven learning, memory and cognition, encompassing both animal and human literature, and also potential therapeutic targets to attenuate such deficits.
Download or read book Thinking in Circles About Obesity written by Tarek K. A. Hamid and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s children may well become the first generation of Americans whose life expectancy will be shorter than that of their parents. The culprit, public health experts agree, is obesity and its associated health problems. Heretofore, the strategy to slow obesity’s galloping pace has been driven by what the philosopher Karl Popper calls ‘‘the bucket theory of the mind. ’’ When minds are seen as containers and public understanding is viewed as being a function of how many scientific facts are known, the focus is naturally on how many scientific facts public minds contain. But the strategy has not worked. Despite all the diet books, the wide availability of reduced-calorie and reduced-fat foods, and the broad publicity about the obesity problem, America’s waistline continues to expand. It will take more than food pyramid images or a new nutritional guideline to stem obesity’s escalation. Albert Einstein once observed that the significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them, and that we would have to shift to a new level, a deeper level of thinking,tosolvethem. Thisbookarguesfor,andpresents,adifferent perspective for thinking about and addressing the obesity problem: a systems thinking perspective. While already commonplace in engineering and in business, the use of systems thinking in personal health is less widely adopted. Yet this is precisely the setting where complexities are most problematicandwherethestakesarehighest.
Download or read book Why Diets Make Us Fat written by Sandra Aamodt and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “If diets worked, we'd all be thin by now. Instead, we have enlisted hundreds of millions of people into a war we can't win." What’s the secret to losing weight? If you’re like most of us, you’ve tried cutting calories, sipping weird smoothies, avoiding fats, and swapping out sugar for Splenda. The real secret is that all of those things are likely to make you weigh more in a few years, not less. In fact, a good predictor of who will gain weight is who says they plan to lose some. Last year, 108 million Americans went on diets, to the applause of doctors, family, and friends. But long-term studies of dieters consistently find that they’re more likely to end up gaining weight in the next two to fifteen years than people who don’t diet. Neuroscientist Sandra Aamodt spent three decades in her own punishing cycle of starving and regaining before turning her scientific eye to the research on weight and health. What she found defies the conventional wisdom about dieting: ·Telling children that they’re overweight makes them more likely to gain weight over the next few years. Weight shaming has the same effect on adults. ·The calories you absorb from a slice of pizza depend on your genes and on your gut bacteria. So does the number of calories you’re burning right now. ·Most people who lose a lot of weight suffer from obsessive thoughts, binge eating, depression, and anxiety. They also burn less energy and find eating much more rewarding than it was before they lost weight. ·Fighting against your body’s set point—a central tenet of most diet plans—is exhausting, psychologically damaging, and ultimately counterproductive. If dieting makes us fat, what should we do instead to stay healthy and reduce the risks of diabetes, heart disease, and other obesity-related conditions? With clarity and candor, Aamodt makes a spirited case for abandoning diets in favor of behaviors that will truly improve and extend our lives.
Download or read book Pediatric Obesity written by Michael Freemark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity and its co-morbidities -- including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease -- have seen striking increases in recent years. Despite a wealth of investigation, there is considerable controversy regarding the etiology of childhood obesity and the optimal approaches for prevention and treatment. Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment addresses the controversy with a range of features that make it a unique resource for those who care for obese children and their families. Written from a perspective that is international in scope, the distinguished authors re-assess the roles of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity and critically review new studies of the effects of lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions. The evidence-based approach of Pediatric Obesity: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment provides a comprehensive and invaluable guide for all healthcare providers concerned with the evaluation and care of children with nutritional and metabolic disease and with the societal implications of the obesity epidemic.
Download or read book Overweight And Cognitive Performance In Bipolar Disorder written by Sonia Del Lluch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: INTRODUCTIONThe influence of different types of variables on the cognitive involvement of Bipolar Disorder (BD) is known1. Aspects related to physical health influence neurocognitive performance2,3,4. Recently the research is aimed at assessing the relationship of cardiovascular risk factors and cognition, such as obesity in BD.The Screening for Cognitive Impairment in Psychiatry u2013 Spanish (SCIP-S) is a test validated as screening for cognitive impairment in patients with BD5.OBJECTIVESTo determine the relationship between neurocognitive state and anthropometric variables such as the Body Mass Index (BMI) and abdominal perimeter in a clinical sample of clinically stabilized outpatient BD patients.To check whether there is an association with positive screening for cognitive impairment evaluated with SCIP-S (percentiles u226415)METHODSEvaluation by SCIP-S of 118 euthymic patients with BD according to DSM-5. Analysis of the statistical correlation of the SCIPS-S scores with anthropometric variables (BMI and abdominal perimeter) . RESULTSThe SCIP-S total score was statistically significantly correlated to the BMI (p = 0.0048) and the abdominal perimeter (p = 0.0214). No statistically significant relationship was found between positive screening for cognitive impairment evaluated with the SCIP-S and these anthropometric variablesCONCLUSIONSThe abdominal perimeter and the BMI are associated with worse neurocognitive functioning according to SCIP-S raw score. This study was performed with a short screening instrument for cognitive impairment and it does not corroborate a direct relationship between body weight and cognitive impairment. However, it does confirm that there is a positive relationship between overweight and worse cognitive functioning in patients with BD.
