Download or read book Coagulation Pretreatment for Membrane Filtration written by Kerry J. Howe and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research report evaluates the fouling and flux decline performance of membranes after the source water is pretreated with coagulation, and identifies the conditions under which coagulation can improve membrane performance as well as the mechanisms that cause natural waters to foul membranes. Conducted at the University of Illinois, the experiments involved collecting raw water from lakes and rivers, coagulating the water in the laboratory, characterizing the physical and chemical composition of the water before and after coagulation, measuring flux decline as the water was filtered through MF and UF membranes, and examining the fouled membranes with scanning electron microscopy. No index is provided. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Effect of Coagulation Pretreatment on Membrane Filtration and Performance written by Kerry James Howe and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determining the Effects of Different Modes of Coagulation as Pretreatment to Membrane Filtraton of Drinking Water Production in Small Water Systems written by Michelle Marie Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is essential to find separation and purification methods that have the potential of producing water that will comply with the more stringent regulations that are being enacted. One such purification technique is membrane filtration, which is a treatment process that removes a wide majority of pathogens, water pollutants, and organic carbon. However, there are two major concerns associated with the use of membranes: one is the efficiency of the membrane (water flux and removal rate of impurities), and the other is membrane fouling, which often make this technology unfeasible, especially, for small systems. Small water systems are those that serve fewer than 3,300 people and very small water systems serve fewer than 500 people. These systems make up slightly more than 86% of the 58,908 community water systems in the United States. Small systems are the most frequent violators of federal regulations. The majority of cases against them are microbiological violations and failure to report and monitor. Bringing small systems into compliance will require technologies, operator ability, financial resources, and institutional arrangements. Membrane filtration is a relatively new technology that offers small systems a high efficiency, easy-to-operate alternative to improve the finished water quality and the biological stability of the finished water. However, the economic use of membrane filtration in small systems is often hindered by fouling, which increases applied pressure drops and cleaning frequencies, and the associated decrease in removal efficiency as the pressure drop increases. Coupling membrane filtration with pretreatment processes to decrease fouling is often avoided by small systems since it incurs additional construction costs and complicates operation. The objective of this work was to test different coagulation pre-treatment techniques to improve membrane filtration, namely ultrafiltration (UF). These four techniques were 1) conventional coagulation, 2) coagulant slurry on the membrane surface, 3) forming a dynamic coagulant-based layer on the membrane, and 4) injecting the coagulant into the feed line so that it runs inline with the raw water across the membrane. Results showed that the slurry and dynamic membrane's mode of operation achieved similar steady state flux values as UF alone and higher flux values than conventional coagulation pretreatment ahead of UF, while in-line coagulation displayed the worse flux decline. UF alone was ineffective in removing solids and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), while conventional coagulation, slurry, and dynamic UF modes rejected solids and DOC at similar rates. Through membrane autopsies, irreversible fouling measurements for the slurry and dynamic membrane modes were significantly lower than for the conventional coagulation mode.

Download or read book The Use of Coagulation as a Pre treatment to Ultra filtration Membranes written by Marek Ratajczak and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hybrid Coagulation ceramic Membrane Filtration for U S Surface Water Treatment written by Amir Younis Alansari and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: carbon (DOC), surrogates of disinfection by-products (DBPs), were reduced by 60 and 30 percent, respectively. With coagulant pretreatment, DBP concentrations were effectively reduced below their maximum contaminant levels. Optimized coagulation pretreatment with ferric chloride reduced the rate of membrane fouling by approximately 92 percent. Removals of surrogates of DBPs were approximately 20 to 30 percent higher than for the control (no coagulation) experiment. Attempts to optimize the system with aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) were unsuccessful. In some cases an increase in the rate membrane fouling was observed as a result of the addition of ACH.The overall results demonstrated that both aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride can potentially be used for the coagulation pretreatment of ceramic membrane systems. However, aluminum sulfate was found to be more flexible and consistent at controlling the rate of membrane fouling. Under optimized coagulation conditions, current drinking water standards can be met, typically at coagulant dosages lower than those required for a conventional treatment process.

Download or read book Coagulation and Ultrafiltration in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment written by S. Assiyeh Alizadeh Tabatabai and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigates the role of coagulation in enhancing hydraulic performance and permeate quality of UF membranes and provides insight into options for minimizing or ideally eliminating coagulation from UF pre-treatment to SWRO. Results show that coagulation improves UF hydraulic performance mainly by reducing non-backwashable fouling of the membranes. This can be achieved at very low coagulant dose (~ 0.5 mg Fe/L) by coating the membranes with sub-micron particles. Additionally, the work highlights the applicability of UF membranes with low molecular weight cut-off as the coagulant free future of SWRO pre-treatment. Major benefits in terms of reduced environmental impact is expected when applying membranes with low molecular weight cut-off, as the need for coagulation is eliminated while ensuring longevity of downstream SWRO membranes. In general terms, the research indicates that coagulant consumption can be significantly reduced in UF pre-treatment of SWRO by optimizing operational parameters and applying alternative solutions.

Download or read book Use of Coagulation as a Pretreatment to Improve Membrane Filtration Performance for High Strength Wastewater from Municipal Solid Waste Anaerobic Digestion written by University of Guelph. School of Engineering and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Treatment Membrane Processes written by Lyonnaise des eaux-Dumez (Firm) and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1996 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With global demand for water in the 20th century expected to increase ten-fold, this work focuses on the membrane filtration issues for drinking water.

Download or read book Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by John Bratby and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment provides a comprehensive account of coagulation and flocculation techniques and technologies in a single volume covering theoretical principles to practical applications. Thoroughly revised and updated since the 1st Edition it has been progressively modified and increased in scope to cater for the requirements of practitioners involved with water and wastewater treatment. A thorough gamut of treatment scenarios is attempted, including turbidity, color and organics removal, including the technical aspects of enhanced coagulation. The effects of temperature and ionic content are described as well as the removal of specific substances such as arsenic and phosphorus. Chemical phosphorus removal is dealt with in detail, Rapid mixing for efficient coagulant utilization, and flocculation are dealt with in specific chapters. Water treatment plant waste sludge disposal is dealt with in considerable detail, in an Appendix devoted to this subject. Invaluble for water scientists, engineers and students of this field, Coagulation and Flocculation in Water and Wastewater Treatment is a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous examples and appended information.

Download or read book Ultrafiltration Handbook written by Munir Cheryan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimization of Membrane Treatment for Direct and Clarified Water Filtration written by and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2006 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Subject area: high-quality water"--Cover.

Download or read book Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination written by Nikolay Voutchkov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-29 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pretreatment for Reverse Osmosis Desalination is a comprehensive reference on all existing and emerging seawater pretreatment technologies used for desalination. The book focuses on reverse osmosis membrane desalination, which at present is the most widely applied technology for the production of fresh drinking water from highly saline water sources (brackish water and seawater). Each chapter contains examples illustrating various pretreatment technologies and their practical implementation. Provides in-depth overview of the key theoretical concepts associated with desalination pre-treatment Gives insight into the latest trends in membrane separation technology Incorporates analytical methods and guidelines for monitoring pretreatment systems

Download or read book Coagulation and Dissolved Air Flotation as Pretreatment for Ultrafiltration of Vegetable Processing Wastewater written by Xiaoyan Chen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhanced Coagulation and Enhanced Precipitative Softening Guidance Manual written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book FISH Handbook for Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Per Halkjaer Nielsen and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The FISH Handbook for Biological Wastewater Treatment provides all the required information for the user to be able to identify and quantify important microorganisms in activated sludge and biofilms by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and epifluorescence microscopy. It has for some years been clear that most microorganisms in biological wastewater systems cannot be reliably identified and quantified by conventional microscopy or by traditional culture-dependent methods such as plate counts. Therefore, molecular biological methods are vital and must be introduced instead of, or in addition to, conventional methods. At present, FISH is the most widely used and best tested of these methods. This handbook presents all relevant information from the literature and, based on the extensive experience of the authors, advice and recommendations are given for reliable FISH identification and quantification. The overall purpose of the book is to help scientists, consultants, students, and plant operators to get an overview of important microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment and to explain how FISH can be used for detecting and quantifying these microbes. A proper and reliable identification of dominant microorganisms is of great importance for research and new developments in the wastewater treatment industry, and it is important for optimization and troubleshooting of operational problems in present wastewater treatment plants. The book encompasses an overview of dominant microorganisms present in the wastewater treatment systems, which oligonucleotide probes (gene probes) to select for detection of these microbes by FISH, how to perform FISH (detailed protocols), how to quantify the microbes, and how to solve common problems of FISH. The book addresses several functional groups: nitrifiers, denitrifiers, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms, glycogen-accumulating organisms, bacteria involved in hydrolysis and fermentation, filamentous bacteria from bulking sludge, and scum-forming bacteria. A comprehensive collection of FISH-images showing dominant representatives of these groups helps readers to use FISH in the context of wastewater treatment.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Membrane Bioreactors written by Bradley Ladewig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-22 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical, carefully researched, up-to-date summary of membranes for membrane bioreactors. It presents a comprehensive and self-contained outline of the fundamentals of membrane bioreactors, especially their relevance as an advanced water treatment technology. This outline helps to bring the technology to the readers’ attention, and positions the critical topic of membrane fouling as one of the key impediments to its more widescale adoption. The target readership includes researchers and industrial practitioners with an interest in membrane bioreactors.

Download or read book Advances in Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-02-28 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment: Materials, Processes and Applications provides a detailed overview of advanced water treatment methods involving membranes, which are increasingly seen as effective replacements for a range of conventional water treatment methods. The text begins with reviews of novel membrane materials and advances in membrane operations, then examines the processes involved with improving membrane performance. Final chapters cover the application of membrane technologies for use in water treatment, with detailed discussions on municipal wastewater and reuse in the textile and paper industries. Provides a detailed overview of advanced water treatment methods involving membranes Coverage includes advancements in membrane materials, improvement in membrane performance, and their applications in water treatment Discusses the use of membrane technologies in the production of drinking water, desalination, wastewater treatment, and recovery