Download or read book Cloud Ocean Mixed Layer Feedback written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cloud-ocean planetary boundary layer (OPRI), feedback mechanism is presented and tested in this paper, water vapor, evaporated from the ocean surface or transported by the large-scale air flow, often forms convective clouds under a conditionally unstable lapse rate. The variable cloud cover and rainfall may have positive and negative feedback with the ocean mixed layer temperature and salinity structure. First, clouds reduce the incoming solar radiation at the ocean surface by scattering and absorption, which cools (relatively) the ocean surface layer by increasing mixed layer entrainment. The cooling of the ocean mixed layer lowers the evaporation rate, which will diminish the clouds. This is a negative feedback mechanism. Second, precipitation dilutes the surface salinity, stabilizing the upper ocean and reducing mixed layer deepening. The mixed layer may even be caused to shallow if the downward surface buoyance flux is sufficiently enhanced by the precipitation. The reduction in mixed layer depth will increase the sea surface temperature (SST) by concentrating the net radiation plus heat fluxed downward across the sea surface into a thinner layer. The increase of SST augments the surface evaporation, which in turn produces more clouds. This is a positive feedback mechanism. Fig. A shows the main physical processes (heat, mass, and momentum fluxes) at the two adjacent boundary layers; the OPBI, and the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABI). Figure 2 illustrates this positive/negative feedback mechanism. Since clouds have significant effects on the large-scale atmospheric circulation through the transfer of heat, moisture, and momentum, and on the ocean mixed layer through the attenuation of solar radiation at the ocean surface, and since the SST is an important factor for the development of clouds, the feedback mechanism mentioned above has a potentially significant impact on the air-sea interaction, weather and ocean prediction.
Download or read book Thermodynamic Feedback Between Clouds and the Ocean Surface Mixed Layer written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cloud-ocean planetary boundary layer (OPBL) feedback mechanism is presented and tested in this paper. Water vapor, evaporated from the ocean surface or transported by the large-scale air flow, often forms convective clouds under a conditionally unstable lapse rate. The variable cloud cover and rainfall may base positive and negative feedback with the ocean mixed layer temperature and salinity structure. The coupling of the simplified Kuo's (1965) cumulus cloud model to the Kraus-Turner's (1967) ocean mixed layer model shows the existence of this feedback mechanism. The theory also predicts the generation of low frequency oscillation in the atmosphere and oceans.
Download or read book Effect of Cloud Precipitation Ocean Mixed Layer Feedback on Drag Coefficient written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From similarity theory, the drag and thermal exchange coefficients (C(D), C(H), and C(E)) for 10m above the ocean surface depend on the atmospheric stability parameter (z/L(alpha)) where L(alpha) the Obukhov length scale for the atmospheric surface layer. Cloud, precipitation, and ocean mixed layer (OML) thermodynamical feedback affects the atmospheric stability parameter in two ways. Clouds reduce the incoming solar radiation at the ocean surface by scattering and absorption, which cools (relatively) the ocean mixed layer. The OML cooling lowers the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean surface, which increases the atmospheric stability parameter. On the other hand, precipitation from the clouds dilutes the surface salinity, stabilizing the upper ocean, and reducing OML deepening. The ocean mixed layer may be caused to shallow if the downward surface buoyance flux is sufficiently enhanced by the precipitation. When the ocean surface receives a downward net surface heat flux, the reduction in the OML depth will increase the sea surface temperature (SST) by concentrating the net radiation plus heat fluxed downward across the sea surface into a thinner layer. The increase of SST augments the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean surface, which decreases the atmospheric stability parameter. On the other hand, when the ocean surface has a net surface heat loss, the reduction in the OML depth will decrease SST due to the decrease of the thermal inertia. The decrease of SST reduces the sensible and latent heat fluxes from the ocean surface, which increases the atmospheric stability parameter. The variation of atmospheric stability parameter in turn changes the drag and thermal exchange coefficients. In this study, a simple coupled cloud-precipitation- ocean mixed layer model proposed by Chu et. al. (1990) and Chu and Garwood (1991) is used to compute the time rate change of drag and thermal exchange coefficients caused by this mechanism.
Download or read book Clouds and Their Climatic Impact written by Sylvia C. Sullivan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-11 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts Clouds are an influential and complex element of Earth’s climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention. Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall. Volume highlights include: Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements The role of machine learning in understanding clouds and climate The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Conceptual Boundary Layer Meteorology written by April L. Hiscox and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-08-27 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conceptual Boundary Layer Meteorology: The Air Near Here explains essential boundary layer concepts in a way that is accessible to a wide number of people studying and working in the environmental sciences. It begins with chapters designed to present the language of the boundary layer and the key concepts of mass, momentum exchanges, and the role of turbulence. The book then moves to focusing on specific environments, uses, and problems facing science with respect to the boundary layer. - Uses authentic examples to give readers the ability to utilize real world data - Covers boundary layer meteorology without requiring knowledge of advanced mathematics - Provides a set of tools that can be used by the reader to better understand land-air interactions - Provides specific applications for a wide spectrum of environmental systems
Download or read book Proc s verbaux written by International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Ocean and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Warming Papers written by David Archer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-29 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chosen for the 2011 ASLI Choice - Honorable Mention (History Category) for a compendium of the key scientific papers that undergird the global warming forecast. Global warming is arguably the defining scientific issue of modern times, but it is not widely appreciated that the foundations of our understanding were laid almost two centuries ago with the postulation of a greenhouse effect by Fourier in 1827. The sensitivity of climate to changes in atmospheric CO2 was first estimated about one century ago, and the rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration was discovered half a century ago. The fundamentals of the science underlying the forecast for human-induced climate change were being published and debated long before the issue rose to public prominence in the last few decades. The Warming Papers is a compendium of the classic scientific papers that constitute the foundation of the global warming forecast. The paper trail ranges from Fourier and Arrhenius in the 19th Century to Manabe and Hansen in modern times. Archer and Pierrehumbert provide introductions and commentary which places the papers in their context and provide students with tools to develop and extend their understanding of the subject. The book captures the excitement and the uncertainty that always exist at the cutting edge of research, and is invaluable reading for students of climate science, scientists, historians of science, and others interested in climate change.
Download or read book Coupled Ocean atmosphere Models written by Jacques C. J. Nihoul and published by Elsevier Publishing Company. This book was released on 1985 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exchange of momentum, heat, moisture, gases (such as CO 2 and O 2 ) and salt between the atmosphere and the ocean is a phenomenon of paramount importance for the dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. With the pressing need for reliable climate forecast (e.g. to deal with severe food and energy problems) interactive ocean-atmosphere models have become one of the main objectives of geophysical fluid dynamics. This volume provides the first state-of-the-art review of interactive ocean-atmosphere modelling and its application to climates. The papers are by active and eminent scientists from different countries and different disciplines. They provide a up-to-date survey of major recent discoveries and valuable recommendations for future research."
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beyond Global Warming written by Syukuro Manabe and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Nobel Prize winner Syukuro Manabe and Anthony Broccoli, a definitive account of how we have come to understand the fundamental processes behind global warming Syukuro Manabe is perhaps the leading pioneer of modern climate modeling. Beyond Global Warming is his compelling firsthand account of how the scientific community came to understand the human causes of climate change, and how numerical models using the world’s most powerful computers have been instrumental to these vital discoveries. Joined by atmospheric scientist Anthony Broccoli, Manabe shows how climate models have been used as virtual laboratories for examining the complex planetary interactions of atmosphere, ocean, and land. Manabe and Broccoli use these studies as the basis for a broader discussion of human-induced global warming—and what the future may hold for a warming planet. They tell the stories of early trailblazers such as Svante Arrhenius, the legendary Swedish scientist who created the first climate model of Earth more than a century ago, and they provide rare insights into Manabe’s own groundbreaking work over the past five decades. Expertly walking readers through key breakthroughs, they explain why increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide has caused temperatures to rise in the troposphere yet fall in the stratosphere, why the warming of the planet’s surface differs by hemisphere, why drought is becoming more frequent in arid regions despite the global increase in precipitation, and much more. Authoritative and illuminating, Beyond Global Warming is an invaluable insider’s look at some of today’s most cutting-edge Earth science, and a rare window into a brilliant scientific mind.
Download or read book Atmosphere and Climate written by Yeqiao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, is an excellent reference for understanding the consequences of changing natural resources to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life. Based on the content of the bestselling and CHOICE-awarded Encyclopedia of Natural Resources, this new edition demonstrates the major challenges that the society is facing for the sustainability of all well-being on the planet Earth. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying natural resources are presented in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the main systems of land, water, and air. It reviews state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights advances made in different areas, and provides guidance for the appropriate use of remote sensing and geospatial data with field-based measurements in the study of natural resources. Volume 6, Atmosphere and Climate, covers atmospheric pollution and the complexity of atmospheric systems and their interactions with human activity. As an excellent reference for fundamental information on air systems, the handbook includes coverage of acid rain and nitrogen deposition, air pollutants, elevated carbon dioxide, atmospheric circulation patterns, and climate change effects on polar regions and climatology. New in this edition are discussions on aerosols monitoring and mapping, greenhouse gases, the Greenland ice sheet, and mountainous regions. This book presents the key processes, methods, and models used in studying the impact of air pollution on ecosystems worldwide. Written in an easy-to-reference manner, The Handbook of Natural Resources, Second Edition, as individual volumes or as a complete set, is an essential reading for anyone looking for a deeper understanding of the science and management of natural resources. Public and private libraries, educational and research institutions, scientists, scholars, and resource managers will benefit enormously from this set. Individual volumes and chapters can also be used in a wide variety of both graduate and undergraduate courses in environmental science and natural science at different levels and disciplines, such as biology, geography, earth system science, and ecology.
Download or read book Monthly Weather Review written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shallow Clouds Water Vapor Circulation and Climate Sensitivity written by Robert Pincus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a series of overview articles arising from a workshop exploring the links among shallow clouds, water vapor, circulation, and climate sensitivity. It provides a state-of-the art synthesis of understanding about the coupling of clouds and water vapor to the large-scale circulation. The emphasis is on two phenomena, namely the self-aggregation of deep convection and interactions between low clouds and the large-scale environment, with direct links to the sensitivity of climate to radiative perturbations. Each subject is approached using simulations, observations, and synthesizing theory; particular attention is paid to opportunities offered by new remote-sensing technologies, some still prospective. The collection provides a thorough grounding in topics representing one of the World Climate Research Program’s Grand Challenges. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 38, Issue 6, 2017 The aritcles “Observing Convective Aggregation”, “An Observational View of Relationships Between Moisture Aggregation, Cloud, and Radiative Heating Profiles”, “Implications of Warm Rain in Shallow Cumulus and Congestus Clouds for Large-Scale Circulations”, “A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment”, “Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Cloud-Controlling Factors: A Review”, “Mechanisms and Model Diversity of Trade-Wind Shallow Cumulus Cloud Feedbacks: A Review”, “Structure and Dynamical Influence of Water Vapor in the Lower Tropical Troposphere”, “Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles”, “Observational Constraints on Cloud Feedbacks: The Role of Active Satellite Sensors”, and “EUREC4A: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation” are available as open access articles under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide and the Greenhouse Effect written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Warming written by John Theodore Houghton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming and the resulting climate change is one of the most serious environmental problems facing the world community. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing is the most comprehensive guide available to the subject. A world-renowned expert, Sir John Houghton explores the scientific basis of global warming and the likely impacts of climate change on human society, before addressing the action that could be taken by governments, by industry and by individuals to mitigate the effects. The first two editions received excellent reviews, and this completely updated new edition will prove to be the best briefing the student or interested general reader could wish for.
Download or read book Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide written by Michael C. MacCracken and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Policy Options for Stabilizing Global Climate written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
