Download or read book Climate Change Sensitivity Assessment on Upper Mississippi River Basin Streamflows Using SWAT written by Manoj Kumar Jha and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrologic Modeling and Climate Change Study in the Upper Mississippi River Basin Using SWAT written by Manoj Jha and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the modeling efforts on the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB) using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The main goal of this study is to apply the SWAT model to the UMRB to evaluate the model as a tool for agricultural policy analysis and climate change impact analysis. A sensitivity analysis using influence coefficient method was conducted for eight selected hydrologic input parameters to identify the most to the least sensitive parameters. Calibration and validation of SWAT were performed for the Maquoketa River Watershed for streamflow on annual and monthly basis. The model was then validated for the entire UMRB streamflow and evaluated for a climate change impact analysis. The results indicate that the UMRB hydrology is very sensitve to potential future climate changes. The impact of future climate change was then explored for the streamflow by using two 10-year scenario periods (1990 and 2040s) generated by introducing a regional climate model (RegCM2) to dynamically downscale global model (HadCM2) results. The combined GCM-RCM-SWAT model system produced an increase in future scenario climate precipitation of 21% with a resulting 50% increase in total water yield in the UMRB. Furthermore, evaluation of model-introduced uncertainties due to use of SWAT, GCM, and RCM models yielded the highest percentage bias (18%) for the GCM downscaling error. Building upon the above SWAT validation, a SWAT modeling framework was constructed for the entire UMRB, which incorporates more detailed input data and is designed to assess the effects of land use, climate, and soil conditions on streamflow and water quality. An application of SWAT is presented for the Iowa and Des Moines River watersheds within the modeling framework constructed for the UMRB. A scenario run where conservation tillage adoption increased to 100% found a small sediment reduction of 5.8% for Iowa River Watershed and 5.7% for Des Moines River Watershed. On per-acre basis, sediment reduction for Iowa and Des Moines River Watersheds was found to be 1.86 and 1.18 metric tons respectively. Furthermore an attempt to validate the model for the entire UMRB yielded strong annual results.
Download or read book Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow Using the Swat Model in a Small Forested Watershed of Salinas River Basin CA written by Ioannis Kamarinas and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrologic Simulations of the Maquoketa River Watershed Using SWAT written by Manoj Jha and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Impacts of Climate Change on Stream Flow in the Upper Mississippi River Basin written by Manoj Kumar Jha and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 2013 National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science and Technology written by Godfrey A. Uzochukwu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains peer reviewed papers accepted for presentation at the National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science & Technology. Topics include environmental regulations, groundwater remediation technologies, waste to energy, climate change, economics, environmental justice, fate and transport of contaminants, food bio-processing, innovative environmental technologies, sustainable energy and water resources and waste management. Federal agencies, private agencies and university professors set the stage for the September 12, 2013 National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science and Technology. The purpose of the National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science and Technology which was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, was to provide a forum for agencies to address advances in environmental science and technology including problems, solutions and research needs.
Download or read book Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impacts of Landscape Change on Water Resources written by Manoj K. Jha and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in land use and land cover can have many drivers, including population growth, urbanization, agriculture, demand for food, evolution of socio-economic structure, policy regulations, and climate variability. The impacts of these changes on water resources range from changes in water availability (due to changes in losses of water to evapotranspiration and recharge) to degradation of water quality (increased erosion, salinity, chemical loadings, and pathogens). The impacts are manifested through complex hydro-bio-geo-climate characteristics, which underscore the need for integrated scientific approaches to understand the impacts of landscape change on water resources. Several techniques, such as field studies, long-term monitoring, remote sensing technologies, and advanced modeling studies, have contributed to better understanding the modes and mechanisms by which landscape changes impact water resources. Such research studies can help unlock the complex interconnected influences of landscape on water resources in terms of quantity and quality at multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this Special Issue, we published a set of eight peer-reviewed articles elaborating on some of the specific topics of landscape changes and associated impacts on water resources.
Download or read book Climate Change Adaptation Actions in Bangladesh written by Rajib Shaw and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book outlines the climate change adaptation (CCA) actions in Bangladesh drawing examples and lessons from different projects and programs in the country. The content is based on a selection of available documents, a consultative workshop with the academicians from different universities undertaking higher education on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, and the editors’ own knowledge and experience in the field. The book has four parts. Part I gives the details of climate change impacts, providing the scenarios, negotiations, and specific impacts on sea-level rise and the health sectors. Part II focuses on climate change strategy and action plans. Part III covers socio-economic impacts in terms of economic and environmental costs. Part IV focuses on adaptive actions for agriculture, livelihoods, and integrated approaches in agriculture and fisheries. Part V deals with climate-change governance issues. The primary target groups for this book are students and researchers in the fields of environment, disaster risk reduction, and climate change studies. The book will provide them with a good idea of the current trend of research in the field and will furnish basic knowledge on this important topic in Bangladesh. Another target group comprises practitioners and policy makers, who will be able to apply collective knowledge to policy and decision making.
Download or read book Renewing Our Rivers written by Mark K. Briggs and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our rivers are in crisis and the need for river restoration has never been more urgent. Water security and biodiversity indices for all of the world’s major rivers have declined due to pollution, diversions, impoundments, fragmented flows, introduced and invasive species, and many other abuses. Developing successful restoration responses are essential. Renewing Our Rivers addresses this need head on with examples of how to design and implement stream-corridor restoration projects. Based on the experiences of seasoned professionals, Renewing Our Rivers provides stream restoration practitioners the main steps to develop successful and viable stream restoration projects that last. Ecologists, geomorphologists, and hydrologists from dryland regions of Australia, Mexico, and the United States share case studies and key lessons learned for successful restoration and renewal of our most vital resource. The aim of this guidebook is to offer essential restoration guidance that allows a start-to-finish overview of what it takes to bring back a damaged stream corridor. Chapters cover planning, such emerging themes as climate change and environmental flow, the nuances of implementing restoration tactics, and monitoring restoration results. Renewing Our Rivers provides community members, educators, students, natural resource practitioners, experts, and scientists broader perspectives on how to move the science of restoration to practical success.
Download or read book Assessing the Impacts of Climate and Land Use Changes on Water Quantity and Quality in Mississippi written by Abdullah Oda Dakhlalla and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to model 2 watersheds in Mississippi, which are the Lower Pearl River Watershed (LPRW) and the Big Sunflower River Watershed (BSRW), to simulate streamflow, groundwater storage and recharge, sediments, nutrients, and bacteria transport. The LPRW model was calibrated and validated for daily streamflow at 4 locations with R2 ranging from 0.49 to .90 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ranging from 0.49 to 0.84. In the BSRW, the model showed good to very good performance for daily streamflow simulation (R2 = 0.53-0.75 and NSE = 0.49-0.72) and seasonal groundwater table depth fluctuations (R2 = 0.76 to 0.86 and NSE = 0.71-0.79). The BSRW model was also calibrated and validated for total sediment (TS) load (R2 = 0.50-0.72, NSE = 0.47-0.66), total phosphorus (TP) load (R2 = 0.79-0.82, NSE = 0.73-0.77), and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations (R2 = 0.56-0.60 and NSE = 0.23-0.40). In the LPRW, the effectiveness of grassed waterways, detention ponds, and parallel terraces Best Management Practices (BMPs) to attenuate peak streamflow decreases significantly under increased rainfall and under increased CO2 concentration climate change scenarios; however, under increased temperature or decreased rainfall, the effectiveness of BMPs to reduce peak streamflows did not significantly change. In the BSRW, implementing crop rotations practices with rice resulted in the lowest groundwater storage (-10.7%), but it also led to the highest increases in monthly groundwater recharge (up to +60.1%). The crop rotations with corn and cotton usually resulted in the largest increases in groundwater storage (up to +27.2%). The BSRW was modeled to assess the sensitivity of bacteria concentrations to climate change, and this study determined that bacteria concentrations were most sensitive to rainfall, followed by temperature, solar radiation, and CO2 concentrations. The BSRW model also showed significant parameter uncertainty in the streamflow, TS load, TP load, and total nitrogen (TN) load simulations, and that equifinal parameter sets exist in the model. Moreover, the SWAT parameters that were sensitive to streamflow were also found to be sensitive to sediment and nutrient transport.
Download or read book Hydrologic Modeling written by Vijay P Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains seven parts. The first part deals with some aspects of rainfall analysis, including rainfall probability distribution, local rainfall interception, and analysis for reservoir release. Part 2 is on evapotranspiration and discusses development of neural network models, errors, and sensitivity. Part 3 focuses on various aspects of urban runoff, including hydrologic impacts, storm water management, and drainage systems. Part 4 deals with soil erosion and sediment, covering mineralogical composition, geostatistical analysis, land use impacts, and land use mapping. Part 5 treats remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) applications to different hydrologic problems. Watershed runoff and floods are discussed in Part 6, encompassing hydraulic, experimental, and theoretical aspects. Water modeling constitutes the concluding Part 7. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Xinanjiang, and Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) models are discussed. The book is of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of water resources, hydrology, environmental resources, agricultural engineering, watershed management, earth sciences, as well as those engaged in natural resources planning and management. Graduate students and those wishing to conduct further research in water and environment and their development and management find the book to be of value.
Download or read book Practical Applications of Agricultural System Models to Optimize the Use of Limited Water written by Lajpat R. Ahuja and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely devoted to applicati on of models to opti mize the use of limited water and nutrients in various climates, this collecti on will inspire confi dence in the capacity of modeling to tackle the biggest threats to secure agriculture. To obtain the most producti on from available water while maintaining natural resources, we need whole system–based quanti tati ve knowledge and tools to help select appropriate crops and manage water and associated inputs on a site-specifi c basis under changing climate. Site-specifi c experimental results are available for limited locati ons, limited periods of ti me, and limited management opti ons. Well-tested process models of cropping systems can extend fi eld research results to long-term weather conditi ons, as well as other climates and soils, allowing us to explore new management opti ons. The case studies in this volume are promising examples of these kinds of soluti ons.
Download or read book SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND CALIBRATION OF THE SWAT MODEL FOR IMPROVED PEAK FLOW SIMULATION written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Climate change and anthropogenic activities create uncertainty with respect to future hydrological conditions, and thus pose challenges in predicting streamflow, particularly the magnitude of extreme events. Several studies have focused on understanding future flood risk under climate and land use/land cover (LULC) changes using hydrological models. In addition to biases from climate data, biases from hydrological models, especially on peak flow simulations were reported to be large (usually underestimations). This could limit the dependability of flood risk projections and their applicability for future decision making. This research study investigates techniques and approaches for improved simulation of streamflows with focus on peak flows using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for three case study watersheds. In particular, evaluations include choice of criteria for sensitivity analysis and parameter identification, choice of objective function for calibration, and impact assessment when calibrated models are applied for periods with alternate climate and physical characteristics. For ease of calibration, sensitivity analysis is crucial to identify relevant parameters; however, it can provide different parameter sets based upon the implemented sensitivity criteria. Herein, four sensitivity criteria, namely the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), modified R2 (bR2), and percent bias (PBIAS) were compared in watersheds of contrasting climate, hydrology, and land cover. For rainfall-runoff dominated agricultural watersheds, NSE, bR2, and R2 produced relatively similar parameter sets, and thus these criteria can be used individually or together for the purposes of sensitivity analysis, especially if peak flows are the target. For a snowmelt dominated forested watershed, R2 was found to be the best sensitivity criterion to identify parameters affecting peak flows. Moreover, for this watershed, sensitivity analysis and light calibration of snowmelt related parameters separately followed by calibration of the hydrological parameters resulted in improved flow simulations compared to the default approach where all parameters were analyzed together. The ability of models calibrated to a given set of climate and LULC data to simulate flood risk under altered conditions was assessed in each watershed by applying parameters calibrated for 2002-2005 to 1970-1999. Simulated annual maximum daily flows for the latter period were used to estimate the instantaneous annual maximum flow (AMF) series, and the impact of altered parameter values on the resulting flood distribution was assessed via a one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis. As anticipated, AMFs in the agricultural rainfall-runoff dominated watersheds were sensitive to changes in runoff related parameters, whereas AMFs in the forested snowmelt and dominated watershed were sensitive to changes in snowmelt related parameters. Alteration of the bank storage recession constant was found to significantly affect AMFs in all three watersheds. It was observed that simulation of the flood risk distribution under altered climate can be improved by modifying snow related parameters based upon the observed change in temperature from the calibration period. In flood risk studies with projected urbanization and expansion of agricultural areas, the curve number parameter should be adjusted by the proportion of change relative to the baseline (or calibration) period.
Download or read book Journal of Soil and Water Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 25, no. 1 contains the society's Lincoln Chapter's Resource conservation glossary.
Download or read book The Power of Global Performance Indicators written by Judith G. Kelley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-19 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how global ratings and rankings shape political agendas and influence states' behavior, reframing how we think about power.
Download or read book Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.
