Download or read book The Interaction of Chromium Ions in Ruby Crystals written by Richard C. Powell and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption, excitation, continuous fluorescence, and pulse fluorescence measurements were made on ruby samples with 0.94% and 2.1% Cr+3 in the temperature range from 4.2K up to 700K. The widths, positions, intensities, and lifetimes of the R and N fluorescence lines were determined at numerous temperatures. The results for the temperature dependence of the linewidths are explained in terms of microscopic strains, Raman scattering of phonons by the impurity ions, and direct phonon processes. The results for the lineshifts with temperature are due to the absorption and emission of virtual phonons. The observed lifetimes of the R and N lines coincide in the temperature range where the systems are thermalized and the observed decays are pure exponentials. At temperatures where the systems are decoupled, an initial rise in fluorescence is observed at the N lines. The subsequent decay has the lifetime of the R lines for a 0.94% sample and the lifetime of the N lines for a 2.1% sample. These results are also explained in terms of energy transfer from single ions to pairs. The effects of reabsorption on the fluorescence spectrum are also discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Chromium written by Nathan Lepora and published by Marshall Cavendish. This book was released on 2006 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn about chromium, its importance, and its characteristics.
Download or read book Chromium in the Natural and Human Environments written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1988-03-31 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive chemical and biochemical treatment on the effects of chromium in the environment and in man. Such an integrated treatment of the chemical and biochemical aspects of chromium is novel and has not appeared in the published literature. Reviews the information on global cycling and environmental occurrence of chromium compounds, which defines the extent of the environmental and toxicological concern. The treatment of chromium chemistry provides the basis for toxicological models of chromium hypersensitivity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics. Chapters contain graphical representations of the voluminous mutagenicity and animal carcinogenicity data according to chromium compound type, and a tabular summary of all published epidemiological data, broken down according to industry. Also covers clinical patterns, prognosis, pathogenesis, prophylaxis, and environmental and biological monitoring.
Download or read book The Role of Metal Ions in Biology Biochemistry and Medicine written by Michael Moustakas and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal ions are fundamental elements for the maintenance of the lifespan of plants, animals and humans. Their substantial role in biological systems was recognized a long time ago. They are essential for the maintenance of life and their absence can cause growth disorders, severe malfunction, carcinogenesis or death. They are protagonists as macro- or microelements in several structural and functional roles, participating in many bio-chemical reactions, and arise in several forms. They participate in intra- and intercellular communications, in maintaining electrical charges and osmotic pressure, in photosynthesis and electron transfer processes, in the maintenance of pairing, stacking and the stability of nucleotide bases and also in the regulation of DNA transcription. They contribute to the proper functioning of nerve cells, muscle cells, the brain and the heart, the transport of oxygen and to many other biological processes up to the point that we cannot even imagine a life without metals. In this book, the papers published in the Special Issue “The Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry and Medicine” are summarized, providing a picture of metal ion uses in biology, biochemistry and medicine, but also pointing out the toxicity impacts on plants, animals, humans and the environment.
Download or read book Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments written by Robert Bruce Thompson and published by Maker Media, Inc.. This book was released on 2008-04-29 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For students, DIY hobbyists, and science buffs, who can no longer get real chemistry sets, this one-of-a-kind guide explains how to set up and use a home chemistry lab, with step-by-step instructions for conducting experiments in basic chemistry -- not just to make pretty colors and stinky smells, but to learn how to do real lab work: Purify alcohol by distillation Produce hydrogen and oxygen gas by electrolysis Smelt metallic copper from copper ore you make yourself Analyze the makeup of seawater, bone, and other common substances Synthesize oil of wintergreen from aspirin and rayon fiber from paper Perform forensics tests for fingerprints, blood, drugs, and poisons and much more From the 1930s through the 1970s, chemistry sets were among the most popular Christmas gifts, selling in the millions. But two decades ago, real chemistry sets began to disappear as manufacturers and retailers became concerned about liability. ,em>The Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments steps up to the plate with lessons on how to equip your home chemistry lab, master laboratory skills, and work safely in your lab. The bulk of this book consists of 17 hands-on chapters that include multiple laboratory sessions on the following topics: Separating Mixtures Solubility and Solutions Colligative Properties of Solutions Introduction to Chemical Reactions & Stoichiometry Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Reactions Acid-Base Chemistry Chemical Kinetics Chemical Equilibrium and Le Chatelier's Principle Gas Chemistry Thermochemistry and Calorimetry Electrochemistry Photochemistry Colloids and Suspensions Qualitative Analysis Quantitative Analysis Synthesis of Useful Compounds Forensic Chemistry With plenty of full-color illustrations and photos, Illustrated Guide to Home Chemistry Experiments offers introductory level sessions suitable for a middle school or first-year high school chemistry laboratory course, and more advanced sessions suitable for students who intend to take the College Board Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry exam. A student who completes all of the laboratories in this book will have done the equivalent of two full years of high school chemistry lab work or a first-year college general chemistry laboratory course. This hands-on introduction to real chemistry -- using real equipment, real chemicals, and real quantitative experiments -- is ideal for the many thousands of young people and adults who want to experience the magic of chemistry.
Download or read book Gas Water and Solid Waste Treatment Technology written by Zhien Zhang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a variety of treatment technologies, such as physical, chemical, and biological methods for the treatment of gas emissions, wastewater, and solid waste. It provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students, in the areas of environmental science and engineering.
Download or read book Ion Implantation Into Metals written by V. Ashworth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion Implantation into Metals presents the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Modification of Surface Properties of Metals by Ion Implantation, held at UMIST, Manchester, UK on June 23-26, 1981. The book includes papers on aqueous corrosion of ion-implanted iron; the mechanical properties and high temperature oxidation behavior in aqueous corrosion; and the potential of ion beam processing in this field of materials science and engineering. The text also presents papers on the important scientific progress in metal physics and related subjects.
Download or read book TMS 2023 152nd Annual Meeting Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings written by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-06 with total page 1349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents papers from the 152nd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.
Download or read book Hazardous Materials and Wastewater written by Allison A. Lewinsky and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Hazardous waste generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity. The universe of hazardous wastes is large and diverse. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges. They can be the by-products of manufacturing processes or simply discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides. One major type is radioactive waste. This book brings together the latest research in this diverse field.
Download or read book NASA Tech Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Advanced Industrial and Hazardous Wastes Management written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides in-depth coverage of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends in waste treatment processes. It delineates methodologies, technologies, and the regional and global effects of important pollution control practices. It focuses on specific industrial and manufacturing wastes and their remediation. Topics include: heavy metals, electronics, chemical, and textile manufacturing.
Download or read book Structure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides written by Andrzej Stokłosa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-09 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure and Concentration of Point Defects in Selected Spinels and Simple Oxides presents diagrams and numerical data of important properties of spinels and oxides based on experimental results published in the literature. The values of many parameters presented can be used for optimization of preparation of new systems, to predict the practical properties of these systems. Applications include electronic devices, new metallic alloys with improved corrosion resistance, new ceramic materials, and novel catalysts, particularly for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. Organized into four comprehensive parts, the authors present the problem of the structure and concentration of ionic and electronic defects in magnetite and hausmannite, pure and doped with M3+ cations, and in spinels exhibiting magnetic properties and high electric conductance. Additional Features include: Includes 236 figures presenting equilibrium diagrams of point defects and other useful details related to stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric spinels and oxides. Details novel methods of calculation of equilibria involving point defects. Collects scattered data published in nearly 500 original articles since the 1950s on spinels and oxides in one useful volume. Building upon the data presented, this book is an indispensable reference for material scientists and engineers developing new metal or oxide-based systems can easily calculate other useful parameters and compare the properties of different materials to select the best candidates for an intended use.
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis written by Xianglin Shi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings focus on the latest research in molecular mechanisms of metal-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis. The conference promoted a multidisciplinary investigative approach and included presentations from international experts on state-of-the-art information in this field.
Download or read book Role of Interfaces in Environmental Protection written by Sandor Barany and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NATO Advanced Research Workshop "Role of Interfaces in Environmental Protection" has been held on May 27-30, 2002 in Miskolc, Hungary, under leadership of co-directors Prof Sandor Barany from the University ofMiskolc, Hungary, and Prof Nataliya Klymenko, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The objective of the ARW was to highlight colloidal and biocolloidal aspects of environmental pollution and technologies to monitor, remediate, abate and prevent pollution. It is known that the solution of majority of environmental problems is closely connected with phenomena at the interfaces. The behaviour, transport of dispersed particles in the environment, the main phase separation methods in water treatment, purification of liquids, aerosols removal, many soil remediation processes as well as the methods of protection of human organisms from hazardous matters, are based on concepts of colloid chemistry, i.e. properties of interfaces and their behaviour in different media. Examples of these methods are: filtration, ultrafiltration, flotation, coagulation, hetero-coagulation and flocculation, adsorption, adhesion of micro-organisms to surfaces, membrane separation methods, etc. A very important and special aspect of the topic is the human protection using colloid-chemical approaches, i.e. the adsorption, aggregation and adagulation properties of differe~t materials. Examples are: adsorption of hazardous organic materials, drugs, heavy· metals and radionuclides on activated carbon, silica, cellulose derivatives, etc.
Download or read book Handbook of II VI Semiconductor Based Sensors and Radiation Detectors written by Ghenadii Korotcenkov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reference provides interdisciplinary discussion for diverse II-VI semiconductors with a wide range of topics. The third volume of a three volume set, the book provides an up-to-date account of the present status of multifunctional II-VI semiconductors, from fundamental science and processing to their applications as various sensors, biosensors, and radiation detectors, and based on them to formulate new goals for the further research. The chapters in this volume provide a comprehensive overview of the manufacture, parameters and principles of operation of these devices. The application of these devices in various fields such medicine, agriculture, food quality control, environment monitoring and others is also considered. The analysis carried out shows the great potential of II-VI semiconductor-based sensors and detectors for these applications. Considers solid-state radiation detectors based on semiconductors of II-VI group and their applications; Analyzes the advantages of II-VI compounds to develop chemical and optical gas and ion sensors; Describes all types of biosensors based on II-VI semiconductors and gives examples of their use in various fields.
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics for Scientists and Engineers Volume 2 Electricity Magnetism Light and Elementary Modern Physics written by Paul Allen Tipler and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2004 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
