Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E24A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to an early stage process for Chlorine production described on patents assigned to the University of Southern California. In this process, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is subjected to a two stage catalytic oxidation in reactors with fluidized, yielding gaseous Chlorine and water. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery
Download or read book Toluene Diisocyanate from Toluene via Phosgenation Cost Analysis TDI E24A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) production from toluene and chlorine. The process examined is similar to the Bayer gas-phase phosgenation (GPP) technology. In this process, toluene is dinitrated to dinitrotoluene (DNT). Then, DNT is hydrogenated to toluenediamine (TDA). Finally, TDA reacts with phosgene in gas phase to produce TDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine in an on-site unit. Hydrogen chloride is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 9051243, issued to Bayer MaterialScience in 2015 (2) T. Urbanski, Chemistry and Technology of Explosives, Vol. 1, MacMillan, New York, 1964 Keywords: Hydrogenation, Gas-Phase, Phosgenation Process, Isocyanates, Toluene Dinitration
Download or read book Plant and Human Health Volume 2 written by Munir Ozturk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-22 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early anthropological evidence for plant use as medicine is 60,000 years old as reported from the Neanderthal grave in Iraq. The importance of plants as medicine is further supported by archeological evidence from Asia and the Middle East. Today, around 1.4 billion people in South Asia alone have no access to modern health care, and rely instead on traditional medicine to alleviate various symptoms. On a global basis, approximately 50 to 80 thousand plant species are used either natively or as pharmaceutical derivatives for life-threatening conditions that include diabetes, hypertension and cancers. As the demand for plant-based medicine rises, there is an unmet need to investigate the quality, safety and efficacy of these herbals by the “scientific methods”. Current research on drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, phytochemical, analytical, and molecular techniques. For instance, high throughput robotic screens have been developed by industry; it is now possible to carry out 50,000 tests per day in the search for compounds which act on a key enzyme or a subset of receptors. This and other bioassays thus offer hope that one may eventually identify compounds for treating a variety of diseases or conditions. However, drug development from natural products is not without its problems. Frequent challenges encountered include the procurement of raw materials, the selection and implementation of appropriate high-throughput bioassays, and the scaling-up of preparative procedures. Research scientists should therefore arm themselves with the right tools and knowledge in order to harness the vast potentials of plant-based therapeutics. The main objective of Plant and Human Health is to serve as a comprehensive guide for this endeavor. Volume 1 highlights how humans from specific areas or cultures use indigenous plants. Despite technological developments, herbal drugs still occupy a preferential place in a majority of the population in the third world and have slowly taken roots as alternative medicine in the West. The integration of modern science with traditional uses of herbal drugs is important for our understanding of this ethnobotanical relationship. Volume 2 deals with the phytochemical and molecular characterization of herbal medicine. Specifically, It will focus on the secondary metabolic compounds which afford protection against diseases. Lastly, Volume 3 focuses on the physiological mechanisms by which the active ingredients of medicinal plants serve to improve human health. Together this three-volume collection intends to bridge the gap for herbalists, traditional and modern medical practitioners, and students and researchers in botany and horticulture.
Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E22A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to the ThyssenKrupp Uhde hydrogen chloride electrolysis process. In this process, a hydrogen chloride solution in water is decomposed electrolytically in a diaphragm cell, producing Chlorine. Hydrogen is generated as by-product This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery
Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E21A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to the Kel-Chlor process, proprietary technology based on the Deacon process. In this process, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is subjected to an oxidation reaction in the presence of catalysts producing Chlorine. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery
Download or read book Chlorine Production from Hydrogen Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E23A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of secondary Chlorine production from hydrogen chloride. The process examined is similar to the Dupont hydrogen chloride dry electrolysis process. In this process, anhydrous hydrogen chloride is decomposed electrolytically in gaseous phase, producing Chlorine. Hydrogen is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Secondary chlorine, hydrogen chloride waste treatment, HCl, cholrine recovery
Download or read book Medical Terminology written by Nina Thierer and published by McGraw-Hill Science, Engineering & Mathematics. This book was released on 2005-07 with total page 802 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Terminology: Language for Health Care provides the comprehensive coverage needed for a 2-term or intensive 1-term Medical Terminology course. It provides clear instruction on the basics of anatomy and physiology, using a body systems approach, and making use of extensive new line art figures and photos. The text includes both clinical and administrative office examples and cases that provide a realistic context for introducing terms and definitions. The up-to-date coverage includes a new chapter on Alternative Medicine, and information on HIPAA guidelines. The student textbook comes with a free Student CD-ROM with interactive exercises and activities, and a 2-CD Audio Program for building pronunciation skills.
Download or read book The Inside Story written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Supply and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine Production from Sodium Chloride Cost Analysis Chlorine E11A written by Intratec and published by Intratec Solutions. This book was released on 2016-03-01 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical membrane process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a membrane cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses: * Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up * Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs * Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements * Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure) This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, 2005; (2) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH
Download or read book Handbook of Synthetic Photochemistry written by Angelo Albini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unique in its focus on preparative impact rather than mechanistic details, this handbook provides an overview of photochemical reactions classed according to the structural feature that is built in the photochemical step, so as to facilitate use by synthetic chemists unfamiliar with this topic. An introductory section covers practical questions on how to run a photochemical reaction, while all classes of the most important photocatalytic reactions are also included. Perfect for organic synthetic chemists in academia and industry.
Download or read book Corrosion Failures written by K. Elayaperumal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides corrosion basics in a lucid manner to students and working professionals and over 80 corrosion-failure analysis case studies Correlates Failure Analysis with Corrosion Science Exclusively provides corrosion-related failure analysis case histories in one place in a convenient format One-stop shop for both science and real time occurrence of the phenomenon of corrosion Full coverage of all MOC, Materials of Construction, used for process equipments Simple but Lucid presentation of Failure Analysis procedure
Download or read book The Future of NATO Airpower written by Justin Bronk and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-05-31 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airpower remains the cornerstone of NATO’s military advantage, so maintaining the ability to win air superiority over peer opponents in a conflict is key to long-term deterrence stability in both Europe and the Pacific. This Whitehall Paper examines the various modernisation and future capability development efforts being undertaken within NATO, and analyses the major threat systems and overall modernisation trends of the West’s main peer-competitors – Russia and China. US airpower capability development efforts are increasingly focused on countering the growing challenge from the Chinese military in the Pacific. To meet this challenge, the Pentagon is planning to transform the way it operates across all domains over the next 15 years. New platforms, weapons systems and increasing automation of command and control threaten to leave NATO allies behind. Current acquisition and modernisation plans of European air forces may eventually close the capability gap with current US theatre entry standard capabilities, but by then the US will have leapt ahead once more. Furthermore, many of the airpower capabilities which the US is pursuing for the Pacific theatre are significantly less relevant for the demands of deterrence against Russia in Europe. Given continuing dependence on US enablers on the part of other NATO members, a significant divergence in capability plans threatens to undermine crucial Alliance interoperability if not recognised and managed early.
Download or read book Indoor Air Quality written by Kathleen Hess-Kosa and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-12 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indoor Air Quality: The Latest Sampling and Analytical Methods, Third Edition is a practical, user-friendly guide to the identification and assessment of the indoor air contaminants that contribute to building-related illness in commercial buildings, institutions, and residences. It covers the basic concepts of indoor air quality assessment, including its historic evolution. The book describes the most common substances encountered in an indoor air quality investigation, their health effects, and their occurrence in the environment. Drawing from the author’s experience, observations, and extensive research, this easy-to-read guide provides readers with a working knowledge of the latest approaches to sampling protocols and cutting-edge trends as well as suggested sampling strategies, helpful experience related tips, and a means for interpreting results. Additionally, in the later part of the book, there is considerable discussion of failure modes of building materials and systems—sources of many indoor air quality problems! This third edition details up-to-date strategies and analytical methods and addresses some of the more recent, as well as less common, concerns on indoor air pollutants. All chapters in the third edition have been updated to adhere to the more recent developments in indoor air quality. Also a new chapter on the illusive data and sampling approaches on ozone has been added. New in the Third Edition Revised and updated standards and guidelines Updated U.S. EPA NAAQS Updated LEEDv4 Standard Updated ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 189.1 Latest approaches to sampling and analytical methods Expanded discussion on controversial inhalable airborne particulate sampling methods Updated and expanded tables and data Updated and expanded figures and schematics Inclusion of a new chapter on ozone
Download or read book Fundamentals of Photochemistry written by K. K. Rohatgi-Mukherjee and published by New Age International. This book was released on 1978 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Corrosion Handbook written by Herbert Henry Uhlig and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 1188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photochemistry written by Angelo Albini and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photochemistry reviews photo-induced processes that have relevance to the above wide-ranging academic and commercial desciplines, and interests in chemistry, physics, biology and technology. In order to provide easy access to this vast and varied literature, Photochemistry comprises sections sub-divided by chromophore and reaction type, and also a comprehensive section on polymer photochemistry. Throughout emphasis is placed on useful applications of photochemistry. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research and are compiled by teams of leading experts - a unique service for the active research chemist.
