Download or read book Chlorine and Other Halogens in Coal written by Robert M. Davidson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Coal Analysis written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides users with everything they need to know about testing and analysis of coal Includes new coverage on environmental issues and regulations as related to coal Provides the reader with the necessary information about testing and analyzing coal and relays the advantages and limitations in understanding the quality and performance of coal Explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use Includes a comprehensive Glossary which defines items in straightforward language that enable readers to better understand the terminology related to coal Treats issues related to sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis
Download or read book Chlorine Emission from Coal Combustion Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorine, other halogens and their compounds are present in the natural environment as components of many minerals in rocks and soils, and in sea water. They are generally among the nutritional requirements of most animals and many plants, but excessive doses can be toxic.^L^LThe principle source of halogens from human activities is combustion, mainly of fossil fuels in power stations and industry. The fuel type, combustion conditions and pollution control equipment can affect the amounts of each halogen released. Chlorine is basically released from coal combustion systems in the form of acidic gases (mostly HCl), which cause problems at the source (corrosion) and in the environment. Global values of HCl emissions from fossil fuel combustion and waste incineration account for more than 3 Mt HCl a year. It is estimated that an 800 MW power plant burning a coal containing 0.2% Cl produces approximately 4560 t of HCl a year.^L^LAfter SO2 and NOx, HCl emissions are the major contribution to atmospheric acidity. In western Europe, HCl contributes up to 2% of the total potential acidity. Although this value seems low compared with 68% from SO2 and 30% from NOx, the high solubility of HCl causes the immediate uptake of acidic hydrogen ions in rain droplets. The less reactive SO2 and NOx require from a few hours to several days to form sulfuric and nitric acids respectively. Therefore, in the vicinity of emission sources, it is very likely that HCl is a significant contributor to acidity.^L^LIn this review, the behaviour of chlorine in combustion systems and its influence on gaseous emissions and combustion efficiency are discussed.
Download or read book Fossil Fuel Emissions Control Technologies written by Bruce G. Miller and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An expert guide to emission control technologies and applications, Fossil Fuels Emissions Control Technologies provides engineers with a guide to link emission control strategies to available technologies, allowing them to choose the technology that best suits their individual need. This includes reduction technologies for Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Oxides, Mercury and Acid Gases. In this reference, the author explains the most critical control technologies and their application to real-world regulatory compliance issues. Numerous diagrams and examples emphasizing pollution formation mechanisms, key points in pollutant control, and design techniques are also included. Provides numerous diagrams and examples to emphasize pollution formation mechanisms Coverage of critical control technologies and their application to real-world solutions Explains Sulfur Oxides, Acid Gases, Nitrogen Oxides Formation and Organic HAPs, Control and Reduction Technologies Covers Particulate Matter and Mercury Emissions Formation and Reduction Technologies
Download or read book Coal Fired Flue Gas Mercury Emission Controls written by Jiang Wu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury (Hg) is one of the most toxic heavy metals, harmful to both the environment and human health. Hg is released into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources and its emission control has caused much concern. This book introduces readers to Hg pollution from natural and anthropogenic sources and systematically describes coal-fired flue gas mercury emission control in industry, especially from coal-fired power stations. Mercury emission control theory and experimental research are demonstrated, including how elemental mercury is oxidized into oxidized mercury and the effect of flue gas contents on the mercury speciation transformation process. Mercury emission control methods, such as existing APCDs (air pollution control devices) at power stations, sorbent injection, additives in coal combustion and photo-catalytic methods are introduced in detail. Lab-scale, pilot-scale and full-scale experimental studies of sorbent injection conducted by the authors are presented systematically, helping researchers and engineers to understand how this approach reduces the mercury emissions in flue gas and to apply the methods in mercury emission control at coal-fired power stations. Readers will arrive at a comprehensive understanding of various mercury emission control methods that are suitable for industrial applications. The book is intended for scientists, researchers, engineers and graduate students in the fields of energy science and technology, environmental science and technology and chemical engineering.
Download or read book Solid Fuel Blending written by David Tillman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-03-21 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Create affordable solid fuel blends that will burn efficiently while reducing the carbon footprint. Solid Fuel Blending Handbook: Principles, Practices, and Problems describes a new generation of solid fuel blending processes. The book includes discussions on such topics as flame structure and combustion performance, boiler efficiency, capacity as influenced by flue gas volume and temperature, slagging and fouling, corrosion, and emissions. Attention is given to the major types of combustion systems including stokers, pulverized coal, cyclone, and fluidized bed boilers. Specific topics considered include chlorine in one or more coals, alkali metals (e.g., K, Na) and alkali earth elements, and related topics. Coals of consideration include Appalachian, Interior Province, and Western bituminous coals; Powder River Basin (PRB) and other subbituminous coals; Fort Union and Gulf Coast lignites, and many of the off-shore coals (e.g., Adaro coal, an Indonesian subbituminous coal with very low sulfur; other off-shore coals from Germany, Poland, Australia, South Africa, Columbia, and more). Interactions between fuels and the potential for blends to be different from the parent coals will be a critical focus of this of the book. One stop source to solid fuel types and blending processes Evaluate combustion systems and calculate their efficiency Recognize the interactions between fuels and their potential energy output Be aware of the Environmental Aspects of Fuel Blending
Download or read book Coal Combustion Products CCPs written by Tom Robl and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-29 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal Combustion Products (CCPs): Their Nature, Utilization and Beneficiation is a valuable resource for engineers and scientists from the coal, cement, concrete, and construction industries seeking an in-depth guide to the characteristics, utilization, beneficiation, and environmental impacts of coal combustion by-products. Researchers in universities working in this area will also find much to expand their knowledge. The book provides a detailed overview of the different waste materials produced during power generation from coal, exploring their nature, beneficiation techniques, applications, and environmental impacts. Strong focus is placed on coal fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials, and their employment in cement, concrete, gypsum products, aggregates, road construction, geotechnics, and agriculture, among other products and industries. Part 1 focuses on the nature of coal ashes, with chapters on their origin, generation, and storage, both in ponds and landfill. The coal combustion by-products produced as a result of clean coal technologies are the focus of the final chapter in the section. The next group of chapters in Part 2 considers the utilization of different waste materials, including the key products coal fly ash, bottom ash, and flue gas desulfurization materials. This is followed by a contribution reviewing the latest research into innovative and advanced uses for coal ash. After an introduction to ash quality problems and quality monitoring, Part 3 concentrates on the essential area of by-product beneficiation techniques, in other words how to maximize the quality of materials for the end user. Topics covered include separation methods, thermal processing, and chemical passivation. The final section of the book addresses environmental issues, including the use of coal combustion by-products in green construction materials and the essential health and safety considerations associated with their use. An essential reference on the nature, reactivity, beneficiation, potential and environmental risks of coal-combustion by-products Contains an in-depth review of the origin and geochemistry of coal ash Explores the utilization of coal combustion by-products as supplementary cementitious materials to reduce the anthropomorphic greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of ordinary Portland cement concrete Describes the essential area of the toxicology of coal combustion by-products
Download or read book Biomass combustion science technology and engineering written by M. Mandø and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-04 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter addresses the large-scale combustion of solid biomass to produce heat and power without co-firing of fossil fuels. It introduces the combustion process with a specific focus on issues important in the combustion of solid biomass such as the condition and chemical properties of the biomass fuel, the increased fouling and corrosion of heating surfaces associated with biomass compared to fossil fuels, as well as ash properties and sintering problems. Finally, specific issues regarding the different firing technologies – grate, fluidized bed and suspension firing – are reviewed.
Download or read book The American Energy Initiative Part 5 Recent E P A Rulemakings Relating to Boilers Serial No 112 41 April 15 2011 112 1 Hearing written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemistry of the Climate System written by Detlev Möller and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-12-23 with total page 741 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing the modern world. The chemistry of the air within the framework of the climate system forms the main focus of this monograph. This problem-based approach to presenting global atmospheric processes begins with the chemical evolution of the climate system in order to evaluate the effects of changing air composition as well as possibilities for interference within these processes. Chemical interactions of the atmosphere with the biosphere and hydrosphere are treated in the sense of a multi-phase chemistry. From the perspective of a "chemical climatology" the book offers an approach to solving the problem of climate change through chemistry.
Download or read book Coal Fired Electricity and Emissions Control written by David A. Tillman and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal-Fired Electricity and Emissions Control: Efficiency and Effectiveness discusses the relationship between efficiency and emissions management, providing methods for reducing emissions in newer and older plants as coal-fired powered plants are facing increasing new emission control standards. The book presents the environmental forces driving technology development for coal-fired electricity generation, then covers other topics, such as cyclone firing, supercritical boilers, fabric filter technology, acid gas control technology and clean coal technologies. The book relates efficiency and environmental considerations, particularly from a technology development perspective. Features time tested methods for achieving optimal emission control through efficiency for environmental protection, including reducing the carbon footprint Covers the regulations governing coal-fired electricity Highlights the development of the coal-fired technologies through regulatory change
Download or read book Halogens Advances in Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogens—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Chlorine. The editors have built Halogens—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Chlorine in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Halogens—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Checklist International Business Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Checklist of BFC Publications written by United States. Bureau of Foreign Commerce and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine in Coal and Its Relationship with Boiler Corrosion Technical Report September 1 November 30 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limited literature and use history data have suggested that some high-chlorine Illinois coals do not cause boiler corrosion while extensive data developed by the British correlate corrosion with chlorine content and other parameters of coal and boiler. Providing concrete scientific evidence to explain the variations in corrosivity of the high-chlorine coals and supporting the premise that high chlorine Illinois coals do not cause corrosion will help relieve market concerns and increase usage of these coals. The differences in corrosivity in coals may be due to the coal properties, to coal blends, or to the boiler parameters in which they were burned. The goals of this study focus on these coal properties. They are: (1) to determine the forms of chlorine and other chemical components (mineral, major, minor, and trace elements) in coals which have been reported to behave differently with respect to corrosion problems during combustion; (2) to determine the evolution profiles of chlorine-containing compounds in coals during pyrolysis and oxidation; and (3) to examine the behavior of Cl-, S-, N-, containing compounds in coal during pyrolysis.
Download or read book Vasculum Substitute written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book British Dental Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 1380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
