Download or read book Assessment of Potential for Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes in Ground Water at a Petrochemical Reclamation Site Harris County Texas written by Glenn F. Huff and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface written by Todd H. Wiedemeier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-08 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination. This landmark work presents the first in-depth examination of the theory, mechanisms, and application of natural attenuation. Written by four internationally recognized leaders in this approach, the book describes both biotic and abiotic natural attenuation processes, focusing on two of the environmental contaminants most frequently encountered in groundwater--fuels and chlorinated solvents. The authors draw on a wealth of combined experience to detail successful techniques for simulating natural attenuation processes and predicting their effectiveness in the field. They also show how natural attenuation works in the real world, using numerous examples and case studies from a wide range of leading-edge projects nationwide involving fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Finally, they discuss the evaluation and assessment of natural attenuation and explore the design of long-term monitoring programs. An indispensable reference for anyone working in environmental remediation, Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface is essential reading for scientists and engineers in a range of industries, as well as state and federal environmental regulators, and professors and graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering.
Download or read book Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorinated Ethanes written by D. R. J. Moore and published by Inland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch. This book was released on 1991 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A literature review was conducted on the uses, fate, and effects of chlorinated ethanes on raw water for drinking water supply, freshwater aquatic life, agricultural uses, recreational water quality and aesthetics, and industrial water supplies. The information is summarized in this publication. From it, water quality guidelines for the protection of specific water uses are recommended"--Abstract
Download or read book Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chlorinated Ethanes written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Criteria & Standards Division and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigations of Reductive Dechlorination Reactions of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes on Zero valent Metals Using Compound Specific Isotopic Analysis written by Nancy Anne VanStone and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reductive dechlorination reactions occurring on zero-valent metal surfaces for chlorinated ethenes and chlorinated ethanes are investigated using compound specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) to measure carbon isotopic fractionation and carbon kinetic isotope effects (KIE). Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated contaminants on zero-valent iron (Fe0) is used for remediation purposes at over 100 sites worldwide employing permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. Degradation can occur via 3 main pathways: (1) alpha-elimination, (2) beta-elimination and (3) hydrogenolysis. Experiments documenting carbon isotopic fractionation observed during degradation of a suite of chlorinated ethenes are described, and it is demonstrated that reproducible carbon isotopic fractionation occurs for perchloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). The results for Fe0 from two different sources show distinct differences in both rates of reaction and isotopic fractionation factors (epsilon), particularly for the cis-DCE and VC. Using ground water samples from pre- and post-treatment of a Fe0 PRB at F.E. Warren Air Force Base, it is established that carbon isotopic fractionation of chlorinated ethenes follows the same principles under field conditions, and it is shown that CSIA, in combination with traditional compositional analysis, can help to resolve complex performance-related problems for PRBs. Finally, it is demonstrated that reaction pathways and mechanisms can be investigated using CSIA and ranges of epsilon and KIE are established for the investigated reactions on different zero-valent metals. In batch experiments monitoring dichloroethane (DCA) degradation on Zn0, CSIA was used to determine that a common rate limiting step occurs for hydrogenolysis and alpha-elimination reactions of 1,1-DCA. As well, overall epsilon and KIE are greater for beta-elimination of 1,2-DCA than for hydrogenolysis and alpha-elimination of 1,1-DCA. The degradation of a chlorinated ethene, cis-DCE, was investigated on Fe0. Direct measurements of epsilon and KIE for hydrogenolysis and beta-elimination were measured using CSIA. It is established that these reactions do not share a rate limiting step, and unique and reproducible carbon isotopic fractionation is associated with each reaction pathway. CSIA has been shown to be a versatile tool, aiding research as both a reliable diagnostic (i.e. identification of degradation) and as a valuable analytical instrument for mechanistic studies.
Download or read book AMBIENT WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR CHLORINATED ETHANES written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine and the Environment written by Ruth Stringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to examine comprehensively the chlorine industry and its effects on the environment. It covers not only the history of chlorine production, but also looks at its products, their effects on the global environment, and the international legislation which controls their use, release, and disposal. Individual chapters are dedicated to subjects such as releases of organochlorines into the environment, and the environmental impact of ozone depletion, providing simple explanations of these complex issues. These are backed up with case studies of landmark events in the history of the chlorine industry - for example the Seveso explosion or the Yusho and Yu-Cheng mass poisonings. With a clear, concise text and numerous compilations of critical data, this book will prove an invaluable source reference for environmental scientists, students, and policy makers with an interest in this subject.
Download or read book Chlorinated Organic Compounds in the Environment written by Sub Ramamoorthy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-17 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides up-to-date information on chlorinated organics in the environment that can be used in monitoring, impact assessment, and decision-making processes. The text assists readers in predicting the potential for organic contamination as well as the critical medium of exposure to the health of the ecosystem and humans. Toxicity profiles provided for each chemical allow for evaluation of the short- and long-term effects on the environment. Discussions of environmental residues and pertinent worldwide regulations help readers compare chloroorganic contamination in different areas and analyze the associated regulatory approaches. Chlorinated Organic Compounds in the Environment begins with an introduction to chlorinated organic compounds and discussions of fate processes and environmental migration, based on their physical properties and processes. Next, the text focuses on chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons; chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons-monocyclic and polycyclic compounds; and chlorinated biocides, phenols, dioxins, and furans in the environment. The North American and International regulations and advisories in the management of chlorinated organic compounds are reviewed in Chapters 3-8. The last two chapters of the book deal with prioritization for regulatory and monitoring assessment and regulatory decision-making processes. A glossary and comprehensive subject index makes terms easy to understand and find throughout the text. Environmental managers, regulatory personnel, scientists, and students will gain a broader understanding of environmental problems and how they can be applied to different disciplines such as chemistry, life sciences, and engineering with this important reference.
Download or read book Flammability Limits of Methane and Ethane in Chlorine at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by A. Bartkowiak and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chlorine written by Peter Schmittinger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorine is one of the most important inorganic basic chemicals It is not only an essential reaction component for the synthesis of numerous organic and inorganic chemicals and plastics, it is also of great importance for the production of pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, bleaches and insecticides. Everything you need to know about chlorine is described in this book. It provides a practical and up-to-date account of the scientific and technological basics for the production of chlorine and describes various applications and prospects for future developments. Current issues, such as environmental protection, occupational health and safety aspects, storage and transportation, economic aspects, quality specifications and analysis are treated in a competent and well-balanced manner. Chemists, chemical engineers and chemical process engineers in various industrial sectors, engineering companies, universities and government authorities will certainly profit from this comprehensive review.
Download or read book Chlorinated Solvents written by Robert D Morrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental forensics is emerging and evolving into a recognized scientific discipline with numerous applications, especially regarding chlorinated solvents. This unique book provides the reader with a concise compilation of information regarding the use of environmental forensic techniques for age dating and identification of the source of a chlorinated solvent release. Concentrating on the five commonly encountered chlorinated solvents (perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and CFC-113), forensic opportunities applicable to each are presented including the use of stabilizers, manufacturing impurities, surrogate chemicals and physical measurements and degradation products as diagnostic indicators. Detailed historical chronology of the applications of the solvents and specific chapters devoted to dry cleaning and vapor degreasing equipment are included as are generic forensic approaches. Forming a basis for further ideas in the evolution of environmental forensic techniques, Chlorinated Solvents will be an indispensable reference tool for researchers, regulators and analysts in the field.
Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.
Download or read book Chlorinated Ethanes written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Planning and Standards. Criteria & Standards Division and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Potential for Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes and Ethanes in Ground Water at a Petrochemical Reclamation Site Harris County Texas written by Glenn F. Huff and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground Water at Operable Unit 1 Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Keyport Washington written by Richard Steven Dinicola and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodegradation of Chlorinated Ethenes at a Karst Site in Middle Tennessee written by Thomas Duane Byl and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Homogenous Abiotic Reactions of Chlorinated Ethanes and Propanes written by Marie Pagán and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
